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Biomedical subjects

K Ohmori

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohmori.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

"Face to face": a new method for the treatment of polydactyly of the thumb that maximises the use of available soft tissue.

Some patients with distal phalangeal polydactyly of the thumb have severe hypoplastic pulps that are difficult to make sufficiently large with either the fillet flap method or a symmetrical combination, the Bilhaut-Cloquet method. We have devised a new method to reconstruct the largest possible pulp by resecting only a minimum amount of soft dorsal skin tissue with one nail and not resecting any of the palmar skin of the thumbs. By contrast, other procedures require some resectioning of soft tissue of both the dorsal and the palmar skin. We have treated 13 cases with distal phalangeal polydactyly of the thumb since 1988 in this way. All the thumbs were successfully reconstructed with a sufficiently large pulp. The only problem was slight instability of the skin of the pulp after the operation, but this condition gradually improved during a five-year follow up. We think that this method facilitates the reconstruction of a sufficiently large pulp when both bifid pulps are hypoplastic.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Postoperative enteroparesis by patient-controlled analgesia combined with continuous epidural block for patients after posterior lumbar surgery.

This study evaluated postoperative enteroparesis influenced by patient-controlled analgesia combined with continuous epidural block in patients who underwent posterior lumbar surgery. One hundred nine patients were divided into three groups at random (group 1, controls (18 patients); group 2, postoperative patient-controlled analgesia and continuous epidural block (45 patients); group 3, one-shot epidural analgesia, postoperative patient-controlled analgesia, and continuous epidural block (46 patients). The patients in groups 2 and 3 had more satisfactory pain relief and needed analgesics less frequently. However, their clinical abdominal findings the morning after surgery were worse than those in control patients. The times when patients could take any nourishment and eat solid food (rice) were delayed by patient-controlled analgesia with continuous epidural block.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Bullous pemphigoid associated with silicosis.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) has never before been reported to associate with silicosis, although there are numerous reports of silicosis accompanied by different autoimmune diseases, such as systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis or rheumatoid arthritis. We report on a 63-year-old Japanese patient with silicosis who developed tensed bullae, erosions and macular pigmentation on the trunk and extremities. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed anti-basement-membrane-zone antibodies; immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that the patient's serum reacted with the 230-kD BP antigen in the epidermal extracts, as well as a recombinant protein of the NC16a domain of 180-kD BP antigen. Clinical symptoms improved after treatment with systemic steroids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of BP associated with silicosis.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate without evidence of recurrence 5 years after operation.

A 54-year-old man underwent radical cystoprostatectomy after prostatic needle biopsy which revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate. However, the positive surgical margin of the pubis suggested residual disease. He received chemotherapy with methotrexate, peplomycin and cisplatin (MPD regimen). He is at present still alive without evidence of recurrence 5 years after the operation. This suggests that MPD chemotherapy is effective for squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2000

Risk factors of atherosclerosis and aortic pulse wave velocity.

Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a noninvasive technique that can estimate aortic stiffness or organic change quantitatively. The authors examined the correlation between age and the PWV value in 113 subjects and also examined the relationship between atherosclerotic associated diseases and PWV. A positive correlation was observed between age and the PWV value. No significant difference was found in the PWV value between groups with and without risk factors of atherosclerosis. No significant difference was observed in the PWV value between groups with and without a history of atherosclerotic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of effective aortic regurgitant orifice area and its effect on aortic regurgitant volume with Doppler echocardiography.

The authors measured the aortic regurgitant orifice area (ROA) using Doppler echocardiography and attempted to clarify how important the ROA is in determining the regurgitant volume (RV) in 22 patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR). The RV was calculated from the difference between the left ventricular ejection flow volume and transmitral inflow volume as measured by Doppler echocardiography. The ROA was obtained by two methods: RV/time velocity integral of AR jet measured by continuous wave Doppler (calculation method) and manual tracing of minimum cross-sectional area of short-axis color Doppler. The RV ranged from 10 to 90 mL/beat and the ROA by calculation method was from 0.05 to 0.35 cm2, which showed a strong correlation (r = 0.93, p < 0.001). The time velocity integral of aortic regurgitant jet showed a poor correlation with the RV (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). The values of ROA by the two methods showed a good correlation (r = 0.93, p < 0.001). Thus, the authors conclude that the ROA is a basic determinant of the RV in AR and that color Doppler can be employed to precisely assess the ROA.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Benidipine inhibits apoptosis during ischaemic acute renal failure in rats.

We have investigated the effects of benidipine (hydrochloride), a calcium antagonist, against ischaemic acute renal failure in rats. Using histological examination, we studied whether the inhibition of apoptosis was associated with the protective effects of benidipine on the ischaemic renal injury. Acute renal failure was induced by the unilateral clamping of the left renal artery for 60 min, followed by reperfusion and contralateral nephrectomy. Drugs were given intravenously 5 min before the unilateral clamping. Prophylactic administrations of benidipine (10 microg kg(-1), i.v.) significantly ameliorated the development of renal failure as estimated by the measurements of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen 24 h after the reperfusion. Amlodipine (besilate, 100 and 300 microg kg(-1), i.v.) tended to attenuate renal dysfunction. Lisinopril (300 and 1000 microg kg(-1), i.v.), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was ineffective in this acute renal failure model. Histological examination using the terminal transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) method to detect apoptotic cells revealed that the TUNEL-positive tubular epithelium was prominent in the renal cortex 24 h after the reperfusion. The TUNEL-positive cells were significantly reduced by pretreatment with benidipine. The results demonstrate that benidipine can ameliorate the ischaemic acute renal failure in rats and suggest that the renoprotective effect of benidipine was at least partly attributable to the reduction of apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2000

Protective effect of erdosteine against hypochlorous acid-induced acute lung injury and lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation in mice.

The effect of erdosteine, a mucoactive drug, on hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced lung injury, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and neutrophil recruitment into the airway, was investigated. Male BALB/c mice were orally administered erdosteine (3-100 mgkg(-1)), ambroxol hydrochloride (ambroxol) (3-30 mgkg(-1)), S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (S-CMC) (100-600 mgkg(-1)) or prednisolone (10 mgkg(-1)), 1 h before intratracheal injection of HOCl or LPS. In the HOCl-injected mice, erdosteine markedly suppressed increases in the ratios of lung wet weight to bodyweight and lung dry weight to bodyweight, whereas the other mucoactive drugs ambroxol and S-CMC had little effect. Erdosteine also inhibited the LPS-induced neutrophil influx, although it did not affect the increased level of TNF-alpha in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The results suggest that attenuation of reactive oxygen species and neutrophil recruitment is involved in the clinical efficacy of erdosteine in the treatment of chronic bronchitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

The effect of zaldaride maleate, an antidiarrheal compound, on acetylcholine-induced intestinal electrolyte secretion.

The effect of zaldaride on acetylcholine-induced colonic electrolyte secretion was examined. The short-circuit current response to acetylcholine was partially reduced by tetrodotoxin, a neuronal blocker, and was completely inhibited by atropine, an acetylcholine M receptor antagonist, in the rat colonic preparations. The tetrodotoxin sensitive effect was significantly inhibited by zaldaride, whereas the tetrodotoxin insensitive effect was not affected. Acetylcholine release from synaptosomes of submucosal nerves of guinea-pig colon was significantly reduced by zaldaride. Zaldaride may reduce colonic electrolyte secretion by acetylcholine due to the inhibition of acetylcholine release from synaptosomes of colonic submucosal nerves.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2000

Gender differences in the antidiarrheal effect of zaldaride maleate in rats.

The amelioration of secretory diarrhea has been reported after the administration of zaldaride maleate (ZAL), a selective calmodulin inhibitor, to male rodents. In this study, the antidiarrheal effect of ZAL in female rats was compared with that in male rats. In female and male rats, ZAL significantly ameliorated 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2-induced diarrhea at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively, with ID50 values of 0.7 mg/kg (p.o.) in the females and 10.3 mg/kg (p.o.) in males. In castor oil-induced diarrhea, ZAL also significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea in female and male rats at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively. When the same dose of ZAL was given orally to female and male rats, the maximum plasma level of this compound was approximately 3 times higher in female rats than in male rats. In contrast, after intravenous administration of the same dose of ZAL to female and male rats, the total clearance of this compound was similar. In an Ussing chamber experiment, the inhibitory action of ZAL on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-induced ion secretion in the colon showed no difference between female and male rats. In conclusion, the antidiarrheal effect of ZAL in female rats is more potent than that in males, and could be due to the difference in plasma levels of this compound between female and male rats after oral administration.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of the antidiarrheal effects of zaldaride maleate and its optical isomers in rats.

Zaldaride maleate (ZAL), a calmodulin inhibitor, that ameliorates secretory diarrhea in rodents, has a racemic structure. In this study, we compared the antidiarrheal and antisecretory effects of ZAL and its optical isomers, R(-)-isomer and S(+)-isomer, in rats. In Ussing chamber experiments, the inhibitory action of ZAL on acetylcholine-induced ion transport in the rat colonic mucosa was equipotent for both optical isomers, with IC50 values of approximately 3--4 micromol/l. In castor-oil-induced diarrhea, ZAL and its S(+)-isomer inhibited the incidence of diarrhea, whereas the R(-)-isomer had no effect. In 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2-induced diarrhea, ZAL, the S(+)-isomer and the R(-)-isomer significantly ameliorated diarrhea at doses of 30, 10 and 30 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively; the ED50 values were 25, 10 and above 30 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters after administration of 30 mg/kg (p.o.) of each compound were as follows: ZAL (Cmax: 378 ng/ml, AUC0-12: 1650 ng-h/ml); S(+)-isomer (Cmax: 565 ng/ml, AUC0-12: 2230 ng-h/ml) and R(-)-isomer (Cmax: 271 ng/ml, AUC0-12: 613 ng-h/ml) (mean, N=4). In conclusion, despite the fact that the antisecretory actions of ZAL and its optical isomers are the same, the antidiarrheal actions of ZAL and its S(+)-isomer are more potent than that of the R(-)-isomer. The antidiarrheal actions of ZAL and its optical isomers may be related to plasma levels.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Antioxidant effects of calcium antagonists in rat brain homogenates.

We studied the antioxidant activities of calcium antagonists against autoxidation in rat brain homogenates. The homogenates were incubated for 30 min at 37 degrees C with or without a calcium antagonist and subsequently assayed for lipid peroxide content. Percent inhibition of the lipid peroxidation was used as an index of the antioxidant effect. Dihydropyridine calcium antagonists exhibited concentration-dependent (3-300 micromol/l) inhibitory effects against lipid peroxidation. The relative order of antioxidant potency and associated IC50 values (micromol/l) of the calcium antagonists for inhibition of the lipid peroxidation were as follows: nifedipine (51.5)>barnidipine (58.6)>benidipine (71.2)>nicardipine (129.3)>amlodipine (135.5)>nilvadipine (167.3)>nitrendipine (252.1)>> diltiazem (>300)=verapamil (>300). These results suggest that some dihydropyridine calcium antagonists show antioxidant properties. The antioxidant effects of the calcium antagonists may contribute to their pharmacological actions.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Properties of antitumor activity of vinorelbine tartrate, a new vinca alkaloid antitumor agent].

Vinorelbine (VNR) is a new vinca alkaloid derivative semi-synthesized by Potier et al. The antitumor activity of VNR was superior to other vinca alkaloid antitumor agents, and the neuro-toxicity of VNR was weaker than those of other vinca alkaloids. In nude mice xenografted human tumor models, VNR showed antitumor activity against eight of eleven tumor models (non-small cell lung cancer: 4/4, breast cancer: 2/3, colon cancer: 0/2, stomach cancer: 2/2). Especially, VNR showed tumor-regressive activity against LC-6 non-small cell lung cancer and MX-1 breast cancer. The antitumor activity of VNR against non-small cell lung cancer was superior to that of vindesine (VDS), which had been one of the key drugs of non-small cell lung cancer in the clinic. In combination chemotherapy, VNR plus cisplatin (CDDP) was better than VDS plus CDDP, which had been one of the standard regimens of non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy. The potent antitumor effect of VNR with minor neurotoxicity was explained by VNR having stronger activity on mitotic microtubules than axonal microtubules. It was supposed that less activity of VNR against mitotic microtubules would be related to different composition of microtubule-associated TAU isoforms in the two types of microtubules. In non-small cell lung cancer, VNR resulted in a significantly higher response rate than VDS. In combination with CDDP, VNR resulted in longer survival than VDS with a significant log-rank test. In advanced breast cancer, VNR resulted in a high response rate in 1st line and 2nd line treatment. VNR is effective in combination with chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracycline, fluorouracil and Taxol. In Japan, the clinical trial in breast cancer is now ongoing.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Effect of zaldaride maleate, an antidiarrheal compound, on fecal pellet output induced by hyperpropulsion in gastrointestine of rats.

The effect of zaldaride, a calmodulin inhibitor, on fecal pellet output in rats was compared with that of loperamide, an antidiarrheal drug. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (10 mg/kg, s.c.), neostigmine (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) and nicotine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) increased fecal pellet output. Zaldaride (> or = 30 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced these increases in fecal pellet outputs. Loperamide (10 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited fecal pellet output induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine and neostigmine but not nicotine. Under normal conditions, zaldaride and loperamide did not affect fecal pellet output at doses used in these studies. In conclusion, zaldaride may inhibit increases in fecal pellet output induced by hyperpropulsion of the gastrointestinal tract without causing constipation as a side effect.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Acceleration by KW-5092 of intestinal motility associated with acetylcholine release in vivo.

Effect of KW-5092 ([1-[2-[[[5-(piperidinomethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl]amino]ethyl]-2- imidazolidinylidene]propanedinitrile fumarate) on intestinal motility and release of endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) were measured simultaneously in the small intestine of anesthetized dog using the in vivo microdialysis method. Intraarterial and intravenous administrations of KW-5092 accelerated the intestinal motility and increased dialysate ACh concentrations. These KW-5092-induced responses paralleled the increase in blood concentration of KW-5092. Thus, the acceleration of intestinal motility by KW-5092 was found in vivo to be associated with an increase in ACh release from the intestinal cholinergic neurons.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2000

Effect of zaldaride maleate, an antidiarrheal compound, on 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2-induced intestinal ion secretion in rats.

The effect of zaldaride, a calmodulin inhibitor, on 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2)-induced intestinal ion secretion was investigated in rats. Zaldaride inhibited the dmPGE2-induced increase in water content in the colon, but not that in the small intestine. In the colonic mucosa, zaldaride attenuated the dmPGE2-induced short-circuit current; however, it did not affect the forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP-induced effect. These results suggest that zaldaride inhibits dmPGE2-induced intestinal ion secretion by reducing the activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase linked to a receptor, and the colon may be an important site in the action of zaldaride.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed2000

New approach for measurement of sympathetic nervous abnormality in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We previously reported a highly sensitive chemiluminescence high-performance liquid chromatographic method to determine catecholamines in plasma. In this study, we employed this method to measure the cardiac function and plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration in conscious rats. Benidipine, 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (4 mg/kg), and beta-blocker (propranolol, 30 mg/kg) were administered orally to conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, and blood pressure, heart rate and plasma NE levels were measured. Plasma NE concentration was used as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity in conscious rats. The basal plasma NE levels were significantly higher in SHRs than in WKY rats (P<0.05), indicating the activity of the basal sympathetic nervous system in SHRs was elevated. The sensitivity of the baroreflex-mediated sympathetic nervous response was reduced in SHRs as compared to that in WKY rats. The concomitant administration of benidipine and a beta-blocker decreased heart rate without affecting the baroreflex-mediated sympathetic nervous response, indicating that propranolol might suppress mainly the cardiac beta-adrenoceptor. The present study suggested the high activity of the basal sympathetic nervous system and the reduced response of the baroreflex-mediated sympathetic nervous system in SHRs compared to WKY rats in the conscious condition.

Animals↗