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Biomedical subjects

K Ohmi

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohmi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of K252a, a protein kinase inhibitor, on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.

In the growth arrested cultures of bovine carotid smooth muscle, K252a (10 - 100 ng/ml), a protein kinase inhibitor with wide spectrum suppressed the cell proliferation induced by TPA and increase of serum. K252a was more potent in the antiproliferative activity than H7, a C-kinase-specific inhibitor, but less than staurosporine, another wide-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor. Since C-kinase plays an important role in the signal transduction leading to the cell proliferation and K252a inhibits C-kinase in vitro, the antiproliferative effect of K252a to carotid smooth muscle cells is likely to be exerted through c-kinase dependent pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Simple and rapid purification of brevin.

Brevin or plasma gelsolin, a calcium dependent actin-binding and actin-severing protein, was purified from bovine plasma by a very rapid and simple procedure; ammonium sulfate fractionation and only one step of anion exchange column chromatography by a convenient use. It takes only 24 hrs to complete all the procedure. The purity of brevin prepared by this method was more than 95% on SDS-PAGE and total recovery was much better than previous preparation methods. This brevin preparation has about 8 isomers on 2-D PAGE and strong severing activity on F-actin under electron microscopic observation.

Actins↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of a gelsolin-like 74,000 mol. wt protein in neural and endocrine tissues.

A Ca2(+)-dependent actin binding protein with a molecular weight of 74,000, was purified from bovine adrenal medulla by using deoxyribonuclease I affinity chromatography followed by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. This protein broke actin filaments into fragments and promoted nucleation of actin polymerization in a Ca2(+)-dependent manner as effectively as gelsolin. Proteolytic and immunological comparison with gelsolin which is widely distributed actin-severing protein, indicated that the 74,000 mol. wt protein is a distinct protein, but its domain structure resembles that of gelsolin. Immunoblotting using antibody against this protein showed a tissue-specific distribution. The protein was detected in various endocrine, neuroendocrine and nervous tissues, but not in muscle tissues and plasma which contained relatively large amounts of cytoplasmic and plasma gelsolin. This fact might indicate that this actin-severing protein is involved in the regulation of the secretory process of endocrine and nervous tissues. In the exocytotic process regulated by Ca2+, this protein probably plays a role to free secretory organelles like vesicles from the cytoskeletal network, mainly F-actin, which prevents the movement of secretory vesicles in the resting state.

Actins↗
PubMed1990

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by irradiation alone. Results of treatment at the National Cancer Center, Tokyo.

Six hundred and twelve patients with previously untreated invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated by irradiation alone at the National Cancer Hospital from 1972 to 1983. The number of patients was 7, 39, 43, 127, 15, 319, 28 and 34 in stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA and IVB respectively. Low-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation with or without external irradiation was used in 383 patients, high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation with or without external irradiation in 130, external irradiation alone in 98, and external irradiation combined with radon-222 seed implantation in one patient. Five-year-survival rates were 85, 65, 57, 41, 14 11% for stages IB, IIA, IIB, IIIB, IVA, and IVB respectively. The rate of complications was rather high in the present series, and so we have been investigating whether it is possible to reduce the dose. Low-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation has been replaced by high-dose-rate irradiation by using a remotely controlled afterloading system.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An initial analysis of preoperative serum CA 125 levels in patients with early stage ovarian carcinoma.

Preoperative serum CA 125 levels were determined for 36 patients with Stage I and II ovarian carcinoma. Levels ranged from 9 to 1962 U/ml with a mean of 216 U/ml. In Stage I patients, CA 125 levels averaged 133 U/ml and in Stage II patients 382 U/ml. Nine of 24 Stage I (38%) and 9 of 12 Stage II patients (75%) had CA 125 levels in excess of 65 U/ml in a population somewhat overrepresented in mucinous tumors. Patients with non-mucinous neoplasms had CA 125 elevations more often--in 75% of the cases--than those with mucinous tumors. A larger study will be required to more precisely estimate the fraction of early stage patients with elevated preoperative serum CA 125 levels; however, this investigation demonstrates an assay sensitivity minimally adequate to initiate a pilot evaluation of serum CA 125 levels in a population at risk for ovarian carcinoma.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1988

High-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation in the treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix: early experience with 84 patients.

Eighty-four patients with previously untreated invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated by high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation using a remotely controlled afterloading system (Ralstron) with or without external irradiation at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, between 1977 and 1981. Survival rates and local control rates were comparable to those for 372 patients treated by low-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation with or without external irradiation from 1972 to 1981 at the hospital. The incidence of major complications was 5.1 and 2.4% for the patients treated by low-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation and by high-dose-rate irradiation, respectively. The results are comparable to those reported by other institutions. We have abandoned the conventional low-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation with the impression that the high-dose-rate remotely controlled afterloading system is a good alternative to the conventional one.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The increasing trend in Japan of müllerian mixed tumor of endometrium.

An increasing trend in Japan of Müllerian mixed tumor (MMT) of the endometrium has been suspected from both the Annual Pathological Autopsy Records in Japan (APARJ) and an analysis of surgical cases from the National Cancer Center Hospital (NCCH). One hundred and four MMT cases were recorded in APARJ during the period, 1965-1984, which constituted 1.1% of all malignant uterine tumors. The number of MMT cases in the past 10 years (87 cases during the period, 1975-1984) increased more than fivefold over that of the previous 10 years (17 cases during the period, 1965-1974). The proportion among malignant uterine tumors also increased from 0.5 to 1.5%. Eighteen patients with MMT underwent surgery in the NCCH during the period, 1963-1986, which accounted for 4.3% of endometrial malignant tumor cases. Of these only one was resected during the 12-year period, 1963-1974, while there were 17 surgically resected cases during the 12 years from 1975 to 1986. These represented 0.8 and 5.7%, respectively of malignant tumors of the endometrium during the two periods. In five out of 18 cases, MMT occurred as a second primary malignancy, and in all cases the histology was one of mesodermal mixed tumor. It was suggested that its occurrence as a second primary malignancy would be contributing to the recent increase of MMT in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Low concentration of reserpine accelerates actin polymerization via interaction with G-actin.

The effect of reserpine on actin polymerization was examined by measurement of the changes in high shear viscosity and by electron microscopic observation of the actin solution. In the presence of low concentrations of reserpine, the time course of actin polymerization was accelerated dose dependently (up to approximately 0.5 nM), without affecting the final level of viscosity. The effect of reserpine rather decreased with dosages over this concentration. The binding of reserpine to actin was tested by developing the mixture of G- or F-actin and [3H]reserpine through a Sephadex G-50 column. A portion of the reserpine coeluted with G-actin, but little reserpine did with F-actin. This means that reserpine bound to G-actin but scarcely to F-actin. The binding of reserpine to G-actin was also confirmed using the method of photoaffinity labeling. After the irradiation of the mixed G-actin and [3H]reserpine by ultraviolet light, they were subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by fluorography. It was demonstrated that reserpine was bound to G-actin covalently by the ultraviolet light irradiation. This indicated the close interaction of reserpine with G-actin. Thus, the effect of reserpine on actin polymerization seemed to be exerted via interaction with G-actin.

Actins↗
PubMed1986

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with external irradiation alone.

One hundred and four out of 2701 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with a curative intent by external irradiation alone at the National Cancer Center Hospital from 1962 to 1979. All patients were judged inappropriate for the combined treatment of intracavitary and external irradiation, which was the treatment of choice for patients with advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix in the hospital. The 5-year survival rate was 17% overall and 36, 17, and 5% for patients with Stage II, III, and IV disease, respectively. The local control rate was 20%, at 2 years, for all patients. Major complications were observed in five patients. There were no major complications in patients given a total dose of less than 115 in the Time Dose Fractionation factor (TDF). External irradiation combined with interstitial irradiation and/or hyperthermia is being considered to improve the results.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The frequency of papillomavirus infection in cervical precancerous lesions in Japan: an immunoperoxidase study.

In order to establish the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical precancerous lesions of Japanese patients, cervical materials routinely biopsied in the past year were examined immunohistochemically for the papillomavirus genus-specific antigen. Of a total of 832 cervical biopsy specimens, 46 (5.5%) were immunohistochemically positive for HPV. In this study, 206 patients were diagnosed as having dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIS), and HPV antigen was found in 15% of these patients. It was found in 13% of patients with mild dysplasia, 28% of those with moderate dysplasia, 17% of those with severe dysplasia and 4.5% of those with CIS. However, HPV antigen was detected only in the epithelium with dysplastic change, not in cancerous areas.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Para-aortic nodal irradiation in the treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a report of 22 cases.

Twenty-two patients with previously untreated carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated by para-aortic nodal irradiation for the macroscopical metastases found at the operation with or without pathological confirmation, at the National Cancer Center Hospital from 1962 to 1980. The irradiation was given with 6 MeV X rays. Total doses ranged from 42 to 99 with an average of 69 in Time Dose Fractionation factors. All of the patients died of the tumor within 42 months. The initial site of relapse was intrapelvic for two patients, extrapelvic for 18, and both intra- and extrapelvic for two. Of 12 patients upon whom autopsies were performed, only one of the patients who had multiple metastatic tumors of less than 1 cm in maximum diameter had the tumor controlled in the irradiated region.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Randomized controlled study of high-dose metoclopramide (2 mg/kg x 4:H) vs moderate-dose metoclopramide (1 mg/kg x 4:M) in the prevention of CDDP-induced emesis].

A comparison of the antiemetic effects of (H) and (M) was carried out by randomized control study in gynecologic cancer patients receiving CDDP (35-110 mg/m2). Metoclopramide was given at a dosage of 2 mg/kg (H) or 1 mg/kg (M), intravenously, 30 minutes before and 2.5 hours, 5.0 hours, and 7.5 hours following chemotherapy. Treatment with (H) resulted in 3.3 episodes of vomiting (range 0-5) whereas the episodes of vomiting noted with (M) were 3.4 (range 1-5). In patients receiving CDDP (H) or (M) dosage of metoclopramide gives similar antiemetic protection.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Early stage adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Histopathologic analysis with consideration of histogenesis.

Thirty cases of early stage adenocarcinoma, 5 mm or less in depth, were selected from 1942 primary carcinomas of the uterine cervix for histologic analysis to clarify their histogenesis. There were 16 carcinomas of endocervical type, 12 of endometrioid type, and 2 clear cell carcinomas. There were 22 early invasive adenocarcinomas and 8 adenocarcinomas in situ. In 27 cases the carcinoma was adjacent to the transformation zone and in 3 it was separate from it. In 10 cases adenocarcinoma coexisted with in situ squamous cell carcinoma. Only one patient whose tumor was 3 mm in depth developed a pelvic recurrence after radical hysterectomy. All other patients remained disease-free after treatment by hysterectomy. It is suggested that most adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix originate from endocervical glands adjoining the transformation zone and that they may develop directly from normal-appearing epithelium without passing through adenomatous or dysplastic changes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 in children with yolk sac tumor.

Although in recent years the evidence of an increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 (LDH-1) in patients with germ cell tumor (GCT) has attracted attention, there have only been a few reports concerning yolk sac tumor (YST), which is a frequent type of GCT in childhood. Serum LDH isoenzymes were determined in eight children with YST, and an increase in LDH-1 was found in seven of them, excluding one in an early stage. On the basis of the findings of serial serum LDH-1 levels during treatment and of LDH isoenzyme pattern in tumor tissues, it is presumed that the increased serum LDH-1 is derived from tumor tissues. LDH-1 seems to be useful as a tumor marker, not specific for YST but associated with the whole spectrum of GCT, for monitoring of YST.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical study of recombinant interferon alpha-2 (Sch 30500) in advanced gynecological cancers].

Recombinant interferon alpha-2 (Sch 30500) was administered to 29 patients with advanced gynecological cancers (14 patients with cancer of the cervix, 8 with ovarian cancer, 4 with uterine sarcoma, 2 with endometrial cancer and 1 with unclassified cancer). No antitumor effects (CR and PR) were noted in 23 evaluable patients. Side effects observed were fever, tachycardia, diarrhea, chills, general fatigue, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. In some patients, leukopenia, decrease of hemoglobin and elevation of SGOT and SGPT were observed. No production of antibody for Sch 30500 was noted.

Adult↗