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Biomedical subjects

K Ohlsson

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohlsson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

An assessment of neck and upper extremity disorders by questionnaire and clinical examination.

To study the usefulness of a screening questionnaire for neck/upper extremity complaints, 165 women in either repetitive industrial, or mobile and varied work, were studied by the questionnaire and by a detailed clinical physical examination. A total of 94 subjects recorded complaints in the questionnaire. In 140 subjects findings were recorded at the examination. Most subjects with findings at the clinical examination of shoulders reported complaints in the questionnaire (sensitivity 80%). For the other anatomical regions, the sensitivity was rather low (42-65%). For all regions, most subjects without findings reported no complaints (specificity 77-97%). A total of 75 subjects were given clinical diagnoses according to a set of predetermined diagnostic criteria. The capacity of the questionnaire to identify diagnoses of shoulders was higher (sensitivity 92%) than for the other regions (66-79%). Of subjects who did not qualify for diagnosis, a majority (specificity 71-81%) did not report complaints in the questionnaire. We conclude that the questionnaire approach gives a fairly good picture of the neck/upper extremity status of a working female population. However, a clear view of the size of a problem is obtained only by a detailed clinical examination, particularly as regards the neck, elbows and hands, for which the questionnaire gave an underestimate.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Exocrine pancreatic proteins in serum during pancreatic allograft rejection.

The serum concentrations of immunoreactive pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, cationic elastase, anionic trypsin, cationic trypsin, and total amylase activity, were studied after pancreatic allograft transplantation. Nine patients received whole organ pancreaticoduodenal allografts with exocrine drainage to the bladder. Eight of the patients received simultaneously a renal allograft. The serum concentration of immunoreactive cationic elastase increased gradually during the first postoperative days to a peak on the fifth day after surgery; all other proteins decreased in concentration after the first day. Eighteen episodes of pancreatic and/or kidney rejection, diagnosed by means of kidney biopsy, urinary cytology, kidney function, and urinary amylase levels, were analyzed. The pancreatic proteins displayed different patterns in serum concentration during the days immediately before diagnosis of rejection. The pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor showed the most pronounced peak in serum concentration during rejection and even reacted during some episodes without a decline in urinary amylase output. Cationic elastase on the other hand showed no reaction at all. From this homogeneous material it is possible to conclude that changes in serum concentrations during rejection are not the same for all pancreatic exocrine proteins.

Amylases↗
PubMed1994

Disorders of the neck and upper limbs in women in the fish processing industry.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the association between personal factors and physical and psychosocial work environment factors and disorders of the neck or upper limbs among women in the fish processing industry. METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed on 206 women in the fish processing industry and 208 control women. Several physical and psychosocial work environment factors were evaluated. Subjective complaints about the neck or upper limbs were assessed by questionnaire and by a clinical examination. RESULTS: The study showed a high prevalence (35%) of diagnoses in the neck or shoulders of the exposed women. All prevalence odds ratios (POR's) were substantially higher in young women. There was a pronounced dose-response relation between disorders of the neck or shoulders and duration of employment for women < 45 years old. When studying 322 former workers, the proportion who claimed musculoskeletal complaints as the reason for leaving was highest among the older women. Muscular tension, stress or worry, work strain, and the largest fraction of the work time spent with highly repetitive work tasks were clearly associated with disorders of the neck or shoulders. The measurements of the wrist movements also showed that the work was performed almost without any pauses and that the median flexion and extension velocity was high (41 degree/s). The results of observation showed good agreement with the measurements of wrist motion. CONCLUSION: Work in the fish processing industry is a risk factor for disorders of the neck and upper limbs. Due to the homogenity of the physical work load in the exposed group, we could not show any associations between the objective measurements and disorders. In cross sectional studies the risk may be underestimated due to a healthy worker effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Studies on the release of tissue kallikrein in experimental pancreatitis in the pig.

The activation of the kallikrein-kinin system is thought to be one of the pathophysiological factors in acute pancreatitis. A radioimmunoassay for porcine, pancreatic tissue kallikrein was developed and used to measure levels in normal plasma and peritoneal fluid and in experimental, bile-induced (group A) and bile trypsin-induced (group B) acute pancreatitis in the pig. Normal porcine plasma and peritoneal fluid contained about 2.17 +/- 0.11 and 1.91 +/- 0.19 microgram/l (SEM) tissue kallikrein, respectively. In experimental, acute pancreatitis there was a rapid rise in the plasma level of tissue kallikrein, followed by a slow increase to a final value of about 150% of the normal plasma level in both groups. In the peritoneal exudate a large increase (200-fold in group A and 2,000-fold in group B) in tissue kallikrein was seen, with a maximum within about 1/3 of the survival time, followed by a slow decrease until death in group B. In group A a smaller second peak was seen at about 2/3 of the survival time. Gelfiltration of peritoneal exudates showed complexes with alpha 1-, alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 1 alpha 2-M), and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) and a large portion of free tissue kallikrein. The complexes with alpha 1 alpha 2-M and the free tissue kallikrein were found to be enzymatically active when tested on chromogenic tripeptide substrate. The presence of large amounts of free and active tissue kallikrein in the peritoneal exudate leads us to the conclusion that tissue kallikrein may be a major cause of local release of kinins in acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Localisation of secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor mRNA in nasal mucosa.

Human secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) is a low-molecular weight, acid-stable inhibitor of polymorph-nuclear granulocyte elastase and cathepsin G. Previous reports have demonstrated the existence of SLPI in the respiratory tract, salivary glands and cervical mucosa. Positive staining for SLPI using immunohistochemical techniques has been reported in serous glands in nasal mucosa. We now confirm this observation and show, using in situ hybridization, that the pattern of expression of mRNA corresponds to the distribution of the encoded protein, SLPI. This, together with the high concentration of SLPI in nasal secretions, confirms the hypothesis of a local production of SLPI in the mucous membranes.

Cathepsin G↗
PubMed1994

Prevention of trypsin-induced shock in rats by the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor.

Intravenously infused bovine trypsin, 75 mg kg-1 during 3 h, induced shock in rats which proved lethal. After 5 h, all the rats had died. In another group of rats receiving trypsin, the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, 75 mg kg-1, was infused during 5 h. These rats all survived. After about 1 h, alpha 1-macroglobulin was found to be saturated in both groups, while kininogen cleavage, coinciding with a decline in arterial blood pressure, only occurred in the untreated group. Trypsin complex formation with alpha 1-inhibitor 3 and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was more pronounced in untreated rats. It is concluded that the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor may function as an effective trypsin inhibitor in plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Interactions in vitro and in vivo between porcine tissue kallikrein and porcine plasma proteinase inhibitors.

The elimination of radio-iodinated porcine tissue kallikrein, after intravenous injection in the pig, showed a rapid initial clearance from plasma (T1/2 approximately 10 min), followed by a phase of slower elimination (T1/2 approximately 100 min). Gel filtration of plasma samples showed complexes with alpha 1-alpha 2-macroglobulin (A1a2-M) and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (A1-PI), which decreased with time. The urinary excretion of undegraded tissue kallikrein was about 1.8%. Gel filtration of urine showed a minor peak representing free tissue kallikrein and a major peak representing degradation products. On average, 8.3% was found in the liver and 1.3% in the kidneys post mortem, indicating that these are the primary organs for the elimination of tissue kallikrein. The in vivo findings were supported by in vitro experiments. A1a2-M were found to be the major inhibitors of tissue kallikrein, when a mixture of the enzyme and porcine plasma was analysed by gel filtration, immunoelectrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography. A1-PI was only a minor inhibitor of tissue kallikrein. Both the A1a2-M and A1-PI complex formation was found to be time-dependent and slow; unbound glandular kallikrein was still detected after 12 h, even when there was a molar surplus of A1a2-M and A1-PI. The complexes with A1a2-M and the unbound tissue kallikrein were found to be enzymatically active against low-molecular-weight chromogenic substrate. The total tissue kallikrein-inhibiting capacity of plasma seemed to be exceeded at a concentration of 800 K U/l when analysed using the rat uterus bioassay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Levels of leukocyte proteases in plasma and peritoneal exudate in severe, acute pancreatitis.

Levels of leukocyte elastase and neutrophil protease 4 (NP4(3)) in plasma and peritoneal exudate were studied in 25 patients with severe, acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was diagnosed from the clinical picture and an increased serum amylase level. The diagnosis was verified by computerized tomography, ultrasound, and findings at operation or autopsy. Peritoneal exudate on admission contained high concentrations of leukocyte elastase (6100 +/- 2000 micrograms/l) and NP4(3) (2310 +/- 900 micrograms/l). High initial levels were found also in plasma, which contained 659 +/- 110 micrograms/l of leukocyte elastase and 254 +/- 33 micrograms/l of NP4(3). The levels in plasma were still increased 3 weeks after the acute attack, also in the absence of complications, indicating that the resolution of acute pancreatitis is a protracted process. Plasma levels of both leukocyte proteases were persistently increased in patients with pancreatic abscess, in contrast to the gradual decrease seen in patients with a pseudocyst or uncomplicated recovery. The levels were increased already before the abscess was diagnosed clinically, which indicates that determinations of leukocyte elastase and NP4(3) may be helpful in detecting this complication. A pathophysiologic role for leukocyte proteases in the development of severe, acute pancreatitis should be considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Protease-antiprotease levels and whole-blood chemiluminescence in acute peritonitis.

Whole-blood chemiluminescence and levels of leukocyte proteases and plasma protease inhibitors were studied in 43 patients with acute, generalized peritonitis. An almost three-fold increase in whole-blood chemiluminescence was found in acute peritonitis, which may indicate activation or "priming" of the leukocytes by blood-borne factors. High levels of leukocyte elastase and neutrophil proteinase 4(3) were found in plasma and peritoneal exudate. Patients with sepsis had higher plasma levels of both proteases than other patients. Large variations in the plasma levels among patients decreased their sensitivity as markers of infectious complications during the postoperative period. The plasma levels of the protease inhibitors followed three different patterns of reaction. The acute phase proteins alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and C1-inactivator, increased during the first week of disease, to normalise later in its course. alpha 2-macroglobulin, antithrombin III and alpha 2-antiplasmin were all decreased from onset and normalised later in the course, while secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor showed a slow decrease throughout the course of disease. In peritonitis exudate, the levels of the main protease inhibitors, alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor and alpha 2-Macroglobulin, were decreased, probably due to complexation and subsequent elimination, as a part of the defense against liberated leukocyte proteases. The immunoreactive and especially functional levels of the protease inhibitors alpha 2-Antiplasmin, Antithrombin III and C1-Inactivator were also decreased in the exudate, indicating an increased turn-over of these proteins through activation of the cascade systems and/or break-down by leukocyte proteases. In contrast to the other inhibitors, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor showed higher levels in exudate than in plasma, and unexpectedly high exudate/plasma-quotients were seen in cases with colonic perforations. Degradation of complement factor 3 (C3) and decreased "opsonic capacity" were found in exudate. The "opsonic capacity" could be correlated to the levels of leukocyte proteases in the exudate, which indicates that degradation of complement factor 3 may have been at least partly due to the action of leukocyte proteases. Further depletion of complement factors in exudates of long-standing peritonitis or abscesses may create a vicious circle of deficient opsonisation and clearance of bacteria, as earlier reported for chronic pleural exudates.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Human cationic, pancreatic elastase in acute pancreatitis.

Immunoreactive cationic pancreatic elastase (irPE) in serum and peritoneal exudate from 8 patients with severe acute pancreatitis was found mainly in complex with alpha-1-proteinase-inhibitor (alpha 1PI). Only minor amounts of irPE were found in a molecular form corresponding to the free proenzyme. The presence of alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M)-bound, elastase-like activity in the exudates indicates that active elastase was bound to this inhibitor. The results indicate that pancreatic cationic elastase is released to some extent as active enzyme in acute pancreatitis. However, no free elastolytic activity was present in the exudates.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Turnover and distribution of cathepsin G in the rat.

The turnover of 125I labelled rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) cathepsin G with retained enzymatic activity was followed 180 min after an intravenous injection. The plasma half-life of injected radioactivity was approximately 4.5 min. In the plasma sample 15 min after injection the main part of the radioactivity in a gel filtration eluted at the same volume as 3-iodo-tyrosine (3-IT). After 15 min the liver contained about one third of the injected radioactivity. Radioactivity in all organs declined in the course of time. In the pancreas autoradiography showed labelling at the localization of enzyme granules as soon as 15 min after the intravenous injection of radiolabelled substance. All these results suggest a rapid uptake and degradation of cathepsin G in the liver. The distribution of cathepsin G in tissues analysed in the normal rat were localized to the spleen, lymph nodes, and lung. PMNs were immunohistochemically stained, while in the lung indefinable epithelial cells were stained. When rat PMN cathepsin G was added to normal rat plasma, we could identify 36% bound to alpha 1-macroglobulin (alpha 1M) and 19% bound to alpha 1-inhibitor 3 (alpha 1I3) as judged from analysis of gel filtration chromatography and electroimmunoassay (EIA) with autoradiography.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Influence of plasma proteinase inhibitors and the secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor on pancreatic elastase-induced degradation of some plasma proteins.

Pancreatic elastase-induced degradation of some plasma proteins was studied in an in vitro model. The digestion was correlated with the degree of saturation of the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) and also with varying amounts of secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI). SLPI was found to inhibit pancreatic elastase showing a Ki of about 10(-7) M for the complex. On the addition of human pancreatic elastase to plasma cleavage of C3, kininogen, fibrinogen and fibronectin was observed when the alpha 1PI approached saturation. In the present in vitro model it was possible to block the cleavage of the four plasma proteins, mentioned above completely with SLPI. Addition of the inhibitor also decreased the consumption of alpha 1PI.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Measurements of exocrine proteins in the pig pancreas using microdialysis.

The authors adapted microdialysis for the study of intrapancreatic exocrine proteins. Immunoreactive cationic and anionic trypsinogen were continuously measured after the insertion of one probe inside the pig pancreas and another placed under the peritoneum on the anterior surface of the gland. The concentration initially declined in the dialysate from the intrapancreatic probe, followed by an increasing tendency until 120 minutes after the insertion, after which a decline to a relative steady state after four to six hours was observed. A dialysate with a lower concentration of enzymes was obtained from the probe on the pancreatic surface. In order to study the turnover of an exogenously administered substance, a microdialysis probe was inserted into the pancreas and human recombinant pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor was injected into the pancreatic duct. The inhibitor was cleared from the pancreas with an intrapancreatic half-life of approximately 45 minutes. Membrane function, measured in vitro before and after use in vivo, was not significantly affected after seven hours in the pig pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The contents of macromolecule solutes in flexor tendon sheath fluid and their relation to synovial fluid. A quantitative analysis.

The importance of synovial environment for minimal adhesion formation in flexor tendon healing has recently gained attention. Various techniques have been used to restore an injured synovial tendon sheath. Therefore a quantitative analysis of flexor tendon sheath fluid is of interest to increase our knowledge about the specific synovial milieu and to evaluate the success of different types of sheath reconstructions from a biochemical point of view. Samples of tendon sheath fluid from trigger digits and tendon sheaths containing ganglions have been assayed for contents of hyaluronic acid and proteins of different molecular weights. The results show concentrations of hyaluronate and several proteins similar to those in normal joint fluid. These results indicate that flexor tendon sheath fluid has a character similar to synovial fluid of joints and apparently has specific functions such as soft tissue lubrication and nutrition of avascular tendon tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Electromyographic fatigue in neck/shoulder muscles and endurance in women with repetitive work.

EMG was recorded with surface electrodes from the trapezius and deltoid muscles during a static endurance test at approximately 20% of maximal voluntary contraction. Objective parameters for localized muscular fatigue were derived from the time course of the root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF) of the EMG recordings. Isotonic regression is introduced as a tool for assessment of such parameters. The most pronounced sign of fatigue for trapezius was an increase in the RMS values, while for deltoid it was a decrease in the MPF values. This could be explained by the different functions of the two muscles. The endurance time for a group of 11 women in industrial work with repetitive short-cycled work tasks who were diagnosed with neck/shoulder disorders (tension neck) was significantly shorter (p less than 0.05) than for a group with the same work, but without neck/shoulder disorders (n = 11), and shorter than for a control group (n = 11). Regarding the EMG fatigue measures, there were no significant differences between the three groups. We did not find any relationships between endurance time and the EMG parameters. The results indicate that neck/shoulder disorders were not associated with divergent mechanisms for developing fatigue in the muscles, as recorded with surface EMG.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Protease inhibitors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from neonates with special reference to secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor.

An imbalance of proteolytic enzymes and protease inhibitors may contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We studied secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (not previously addressed), and alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and elastase. Albumin was used as an internal reference. Infants with pneumonia had higher concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (p = 0.02) and elastase (p = 0.04) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than those with respiratory distress syndrome; those who also developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia had intermediate values. A decreased concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin was found in the second and third postnatal weeks (p = 0.002). Further detailed studies of the balance between proteases and protease inhibitors and of the importance of pulmonary infections in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia are suggested. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is important both as an elastase inhibitor of bronchial mucus and as a marker of infection in the bronchi.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1992

Effect of education, occupation and some lifestyle factors on common rheumatic complaints in a Swedish group aged 50-70 years.

The relation between common rheumatic diseases such as osteoarthrosis, arthralgia without definite signs of osteoarthrosis, subacromial shoulder pain, different forms of tendinitis, low back pain and neck pain, and the level of formal education, occupational workload and some lifestyle factors were examined in 502 of 900 randomly selected subjects aged 50-70 years. The group with rheumatic complaints had a higher proportion of subjects with a lower level of formal education (less than or equal to eight years) by bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, the major risk factors were: a self rated heavy workload (odds ratio (OR) 6.4), sleep disturbance (OR 3.6), and advanced age (OR 2.0 per five year increase) for osteoarthrosis; a self rated heavy workload for subacromial shoulder pain (OR 5.4) and low back pain (OR 4.8); and a self rated heavy workload (OR 8.0) and female sex (OR 4.8) for neck pain. A self rated heavy workload was strongly correlated with a low level of formal education. A heavy workload (i.e. previous or present principal occupation) could only be confirmed in the groups with neck pain and low back pain on the basis of available occupational classification data. Neck pain was thus associated with occupations entailing repetitive tasks and awkward posture with respect to the neck, shoulders, and back. Low back pain was associated with occupations entailing awkward posture with respect to the neck, shoulders, and back, and occupations entailing exposure to vibration and heavy manual work. It is concluded that, in a cross sectional sample of an elderly population, a low level of formal education and self rated heavy physical work are associated with the occurrence of adult rheumatic complaints, though the self rated heavy workload could only be verified in the groups with neck pain and low back pain. There correlations between heavy work and low back pain, and especially neck pain, suggest that successful prevention would mean a substantial economic gain to the community. Whether the level of education is a marker of risk factors other than a heavy occupational workload needs further evaluation.

Age Factors↗