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Biomedical subjects

K Ogino

Publications and source records attributed to K Ogino.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Response of sympathetic nervous system activity to exercise in patients with congestive heart failure.

To investigate the serial sympathetic nervous system response to exercise, plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations were measured at rest, during each stage of treadmill exercise, and immediately and 5 minutes after exercise in 68 congestive heart failure (CHF) patients (NYHA functional class I 24, II 25, III 19) and 30 normal subjects. Circulatory responses of NYHA class II patients increased at early stages of exercise. Systolic blood pressure and double product at peak exercise were significantly lower in NYHA class III patients. Plasma NE response of NYHA class I patients was similar to that of normal subjects. However, plasma NE at rest, and during and after exercise were significantly higher in NYHA classes II and III patients than in normal subjects and NYHA class I patients (peak NE (pg ml-1); Normals: 547 +/- 37, I: 535 +/- 53, II: 867 +/- 87, III: 1033 +/- 157). There was no significant difference in plasma E levels among the four groups. NE response to exercise was augmented according to the severity of heart failure, which suggested compensatory activation of sympathetic nervous system activity. Circulatory responses were reduced in NYHA class III patients despite the exaggerated compensatory activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Blunted circulatory responses to increased NE concentration in NYHA class III patients might relate to a decreased cardiac responsiveness to sympathetic activity in severe CHF patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of blood flow velocity in retinal vessels utilizing laser speckle phenomenon.

The laser speckle phenomenon was applied to the measurement of the blood flow velocity in glass capillary tubes and human retinal vessels. The instrument consists of a fundus camera, a He-Ne laser, a photomultiplier, a photon-counting unit, a digital correlator, and a microcomputer system. The scattered laser beam from the retina was detected by the photomultiplier and these signals were processed by the photon-counting unit. The digital correlator and the microcomputer calculated the autocorrelation function of these processed signals. The power of the laser beam was 18 mW/cm2, which was sufficiently below the minimum level considered hazardous to the retina. This technique did not require fine optical alignment and the measurement could be done in 1.05 seconds. A linear relationship between the blood flow velocities in glass capillary tubes and the reciprocal of the correlation time was proved, and the pulsatile flow of a human retinal artery was demonstrated. The reproducibility of the method was 12.4 +/- 6.5% in arteries (Mean +/- SD, n = 4) and 12.4 +/- 5.1% in veins (Mean +/- SD, n = 16). The mean blood flow rate in retinal vessels obtained in this experiment agreed with the values of previous studies. This technique utilizing the laser speckle phenomenon is useful in clinical application to measure the retinal blood flow velocity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clinical significance of hypouricemia in hospitalized patients.

Serum uric acid was measured in 586 normal subjects and 1,220 hospitalized patients. Hypouricemia was noted in 0.34% of the normal subjects and 2.54% of the hospitalized patients. Among hospitalized patients with hypouricemia, 22 were on medication, including allopurinol, anticancer drugs, antibiotics and glucocorticoids. Twenty-one patients had liver disorders and 11 of them had received transfusions. Neoplastic diseases were noted in 14 patients. Thus, hypouricemia was found to be relatively common in hospitalized patients, and seems to be caused mainly by medication, neoplastic diseases, liver disorders and transfusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Role of active oxygen species in diethyldithiocarbamate-induced gastric ulcer in the rat.

Diethyldithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, was recently found to be ulcerogenic in the rat stomach, and active oxygen species were found to be responsible for its ulcerogenicity. To clarify which active oxygen species play a role in ulcerogenesis, the effects of various scavengers and iron-chelators were studied. As superoxide dismutase and catalase reduced the ulcerogenesis induced by diethyldithiocarbamate, the superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide were considered to play a pathogenic role in this ulcer model.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

What causes the aphid 28S rRNA to lack the hidden break?

In order to determine why the aphid 28S rRNA lacks the hidden break otherwise found in insects, the structure of the region of the aphid ribosomal DNA (rDNA) corresponding to the gap region, which in other insect rDNA transcripts is excised posttranscriptionally, was studied. Sequence comparison suggested that, in contradistinction to what is found in rDNA transcripts of other insects, a stem-loop structure formed in this region of the aphid rDNA transcript is not AU-rich. Nor did the loop of the aphid molecule contain the UAAU tract that can be a signal for the introduction of the hidden break, suggesting that in this particular region the aphid 28S rRNA resembles 28S rRNAs of deuterostomes, which do not contain the hidden break.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Gastric mucosal injury induced by chloral hydrate.

Gastric mucosal injury by chloral hydrate (CH) was investigated in the rat. Rats were injected with CH intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. After the CH injection, gastric ulcers appeared in the glandular stomach at 6 h and the ulcer index peaked in 12 h. The minimum dosage of CH to produce ulcers was 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally and 600 mg/kg subcutaneously.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An immunohistochemical study of copper, zinc-containing superoxide dismutase detected by a monoclonal antibody gastric mucosa and gastric cancer.

The immunohistochemical localization of copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in human gastric mucosa and gastric cancer was studied using a monoclonal antibody. In gastric mucosa, parietal cells, pyloric glandular cells and foci of intestinal metaplasia showed positive staining in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. The wide distribution of Cu, Zn-SOD in the gastric mucosa suggests cell function may be vulnerable to active oxygen species. In gastric cancer, 34 of 70 cases showed a positive reaction for Cu, Zn-SOD. There was a relationship between the grade of Cu,Zn-SOD immunoreactivity and the histological type of gastric cancer, well-differentiated types of gastric cancer being more frequently positive. The positive cases of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma were characterized by a pattern of diffusely infiltrative invasion. These results suggest that some types of gastric cancer are resistant to active oxygen species.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Mechanism of diethyldithiocarbamate-induced gastric ulcer formation in the rat.

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) was injected subcutaneously in the rat and the mechanism of gastric ulcer formation was investigated. DDC induced gastric ulcers in a dose-dependent manner. DDC significantly suppressed gastric mucosal copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) activity at 2 hr. However, manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity was not changed. Gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) decreased to 52% of the control level at 2 hr after administration of DDC and gradually increased to reach the control level by 7 hr. A Shay rat preparation (4 hr) was used to study gastric secretion. DDC (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) inhibited acid secretion to about 80% of the control level. Histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa after administration of DDC revealed mucosal congestive findings from 1 hr to 3 hr. These data suggested that the mechanism of DDC-induced gastric ulcer formation may be attributable to a decreased level of GMBF and O2- production owing to decreased SOD activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hepatotoxicity of diethyldithiocarbamate in rats.

Hepatotoxicity of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) was investigated in rats. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were markedly elevated 24 hr after subcutaneous administration of DDC and histologically, the liver showed submassive necrosis. A sustained inhibition in the liver of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu-SOD) activity was observed following DDC treatment. DDC produced a significant loss in liver reduced glutathione (GSH) level after 1 hr, but the nadir was observed later than that of Cu-SOD. Catalase activity decreased gradually from 7 hr. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver were significantly increased from 15 hr. Hepatic haemodynamics were scarcely changed up to 15 hr. Desferrioxamine (a chelator of iron) and piperonyl butoxide (an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450) prevented DDC-induced increases of both ALT and TBARS, but GSH did not, DDC hepatotoxicity was not changed by phenobarbital induction. Thus, we have shown that subcutaneous dose of DDC caused hepatotoxicity in rats. Although the exact sequence of its hepatotoxic factors is unproven, it seems likely that lipid peroxidation through the dysfunction of antioxidant defence factors and a toxic metabolite contribute to the formation of this liver injury.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

Diagnostic value of R-wave amplitude increase during treadmill exercise testing for detecting coronary artery disease.

To evaluate the diagnostic value of an exercise-induced increase in R-wave amplitude (RWA) for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD), treadmill testing using the modified Bruce protocol was performed on a CASE II computerized system (Marquette) in 10 healthy young men, 35 patients (pts) with CAD, 22 subjects with normal coronary arteries, and 11 pts with aortic or mitral regurgitation. Based on the analysis of the patterns of serial changes in RWA in lead V5, we proposed new RWA criteria for detecting CAD. (1) During exercise, RWA increases in stage 1 and subsequently increases further or remains unchanged. (2) During exercise, RWA decreases in the early phase of exercise and subsequently increases. (3) In the recovery period, RWA shows a gradual and excessive increase. A combination of the above RWA criteria showed a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of an equal value of 86%. We conclude that an exercise-induced RWA increase is a useful indicator for detecting CAD, especially when taking the patterns of serial changes into consideration, and that the abnormal RWA increase may be related to an increase in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume due to exercise-induced LV dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of procaterol on the isolated airway smooth muscle and the release of anaphylactic chemical mediators from the isolated lung fragments.

The effects of an orally active and selective beta 2-stimulant, procaterol (OPC-2009) on the isolated pulmonary smooth muscle and the release of chemical mediators from the passively sensitized lung fragments were studied and compared with those of isoprenaline (isoproterenol) and salbutamol. Procaterol potently relaxed the isolated guinea pig trachea and lung parenchyma in a concentration-dependent fashion. The drug at a similar range of concentrations antagonized the contraction of the isolated guinea pig trachea and lung parenchyma or human bronchus induced by leukotriene (LT) D4. Salbutamol and isoprenaline also showed similar effects to those of procaterol on the above experiments, but the potencies were consistently weaker than that of procaterol. The release of either histamine or LTs from the passively sensitized human lung fragments was markedly and dose-dependently inhibited by both the 5 min and 15 h treatment with procaterol (10(-10)-10(-7) mol/l) before antigen challenge. Isoprenaline and salbutamol in 5 min treatment experiments showed similar potency as and less potency than procaterol, respectively, on the release of these mediators, but the inhibition potencies of these drugs, particularly isoprenaline, were remarkably reduced by 15 h treatment. From these results, procaterol, besides the existing use as a bronchodilator, is expected to be a potentially prophylactic drug for allergic asthma because of the strong inhibition of the anaphylactic mediator release.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1989

Human serum immuno-reactive copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase assayed with an enzyme monoclonal immunosorbent in patients with digestive cancer.

Two types of monoclonal antibodies, N4 and N6, were raised against human copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Cu,Zn-SOD was developed in sandwich method using these monoclonal antibodies. The measurable assay range was 1.0-100 micrograms/l and the coefficient of variation within and between series were 7.5% and 8.1%. Sera of 154 healthy control subjects displayed a low level (14 micrograms/l) of immunoreactive Cu,Zn-SOD with a logarithmic normal distribution. On the other hand, serum Cu,Zn-SOD levels were significantly elevated in patients with various digestive cancers.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗