Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to K Ogata.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Association between natural killer cell activity and infection in immunologically normal elderly people.

Congenital patients who lack natural killer (NK) cell activity experience repeated polymicrobial infections. NK cell activity varies significantly among normal people, but it is unknown whether this variation influences their ability to fight infections. This study examined this concern. NK cell activity and other variables, i.e. age, sex, performance status (PS), serum albumin value, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, various lymphocyte subsets, etc. were determined for 108 immunologically normal elderly subjects who were in nursing homes due to an impaired PS. We analysed for correlations between these variables and the follow-up results of the subjects. Forty-eight subjects developed infection(s) during the first year of follow-up. A low NK cell activity was associated with the development of infection (P = 0.0105, multivariate logistic regression analysis). The relative risk for the development of infection increased in accordance with the decrease in the NK cell activity. Eleven subjects died of infection during the study period. A low NK cell activity was associated with short survival due to infection (P = 0.0056, multivariate Cox's proportional-hazards regression analysis). Our data indicate that low NK cell activity is associated with development of infections and death due to infection in immunologically normal elderly subjects with an impaired PS.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Adult-onset herpes simplex virus hepatitis with diffuse myofibroblastic transformation of hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells) in non-necrotic areas.

The myofibroblastic transformation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC; also known as Ito cells) usually occurs following necrosis of adjacent liver cells. No report has previously found that such a transformation occurs in herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis. We present an autopsy case of HSV hepatitis with myofibroblastic transformation of HSC that is different from the usual transformation of HSC. The patient was a 66-year-old woman who had received various therapies for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. An autopsy revealed submassive hepatic necrosis with hemorrhage due to HSV hepatitis. HSV infection was confirmed by DNA in situ hybridization in liver tissue. Immunohistochemical staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) showed a strong positive reaction in almost all of the HSC in non-necrotic areas. However, in necrotic areas, the HSC were completely negative for ASMA. These findings indicate that not only liver cells but also HSC can become necrotic in HSV hepatitis. In contrast, in non-necrotic areas, almost all of the HSC showed active transformation to myofibroblasts.

Actins↗
PubMed2001

[Serovar-distribution, drug-resistance, and DNA analysis of Salmonella strains isolated from sporadic diarrhea cases or healthy cases in Tama, Tokyo (1991-2000)].

Serovar-distribution and drug-resistance of a total of 421 Salmonella strains, which were 98 stains from sporadic diarrhea cases and 323 strains from healthy cases between 1991 and 2000 in Tama, Tokyo were investigated. In serological typing tests, the strains tested were classified into 26 different kinds of serovar in diarrhea cases, 58 in food handlers, and 25 in individuals for health care. Salmonella serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) was the most predominant serovar in three cases. Following, S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis in diarrhea cases, S. Hadar, S. Montevideo and S. Thompson in food handlers, or S. Typhimurium, S. Lichfield and S. Oranienburg in healthy individuals were frequent. The drug-resistance test using 9 drugs (CP, TC, SM, KM, ABPC, SXT, NA, FOM, and NFLX) showed that 57.1% of the strains from diarrhea cases and 36.8% from the healthy cases were resistant to one or the other of the drugs examined. Drug-resistance patterns of those showed 13 types in diarrhea cases and 25 types in healthy cases. Out of them, strains which showed a predominant and common pattern in both cases were SM resistant-S. Enteritidis and CP.TC.SM.ABPC resistant-S. Typhimurium. In addition, the latter strains were also resistant to sulfiso-xzole (SU). In DNA analysis by RAPD method of their strains, common DNA finger-prints were observed in both cases through out the investigation period.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed2001

A case of influenza subtype A virus-induced fulminant myocarditis: an experience of percutaneous cardio-pulmonary support (PCPS) treatment and immunohistochemical analysis.

A 64-year-old man was admitted to the emergency center of Furukawa City Hospital because of common cold-like symptoms and hypotension. He was diagnosed as fulminant myocarditis with cardiogenic shock and arrhythmia elicited by influenza virus subtype A. Cardiac angiography, echocardiography and biopsy also showed myocarditis, and serum antibody titer to influenza virus subtype A was increased to 4-fold in paired serums. Treatments of both percutaneous cardio-pulmonary support (PCPS) and intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) were carried out to sustain the general circulation. PCPS treatment was discontinued on the 25th day of the admission, but IABP was continued. Finally, he died of multiple organ failure. The autopsy revealed myocardial necrosis with a slight fibrosis and a small amount of lymphocytic infiltration into the ventricular wall, which were compatible with restrictive myocarditis. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis also showed the presence of viral antigens in cardiac myocytes. This case clearly showed that PCPS and IABP can be beneficial to sustain the general circulation in fulminant myocarditis, but cardiac pumping function failed completely to recover from myocardial damage.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed2001

Expression of the alpha1D subunit of the L-type voltage gated calcium channel in human liver.

Calcium channel blocker is useful for a variety of purposes and is effective for preventing hepatitis elicited by different inducers, suggesting its possible clinical application for treating hepatitis. The alpha1-subunit of the dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channel is a target of calcium channel blocker. For clinical application of calcium channel blocker, it is important to analyze the expression of the L-type calcium channel in the liver. However, the subtype of the L-type calcium channel alpha1-subunit expressed in the liver was not known. In the present study, the alpha1-subunit of the calcium channel expressed in human liver was systematically analyzed. The alpha1D subunit of the dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type voltage gated calcium channel is expressed relatively strongly in the liver and may play an important role in the liver.

Calcium Channels, L-Type↗
PubMed2001

[Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on renal function and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 in elderly postoperative patients].

Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on renal function and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (UPGE) were studied in 21 elderly patients who underwent abdominal surgery. Fractional sodium excretion (FeNa), creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary volume (UV, ml.kg-1.min-1) and UPGE were measured on the first and second postoperative day. These patients were divided into three groups: i.e. C (control), DA (dopamine) and DB (dobutamine) groups. Group DA received dopamine 2 mcg.kg-1.min-1 beginning at six o'clock on the first postoperative day. Group DB received dobutamine 2 mcg.kg-1.min-1. There were no significant differences in UV and UPGE among these three groups. Ccr was significantly higher on the second postoperative day than that on the first postoperative day in DA group. FeNa in DA group was higher than in C group on the second postoperative day. The relationship between UPGE and UV was not determined. These results suggest that DA improve renal functions in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[A case of stent-graft implantation for distal arch aneurysm].

A 74-year-old woman was pointed out distal arch aneurysm 4 years ago in another hospital. As the diameter has gradually increased, the operation was considered. At first a pig tail catheter was inserted from the right femoral artery to aortic arch in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. In the operating room, stent-graft was inserted using pig tail catheter. Post operative CT showed clot formation outside the stent-graft. This procedure was thought to be less invasive and safe.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis showing abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials: a report of three cases.

OBJECTIVE: Although dysfunction of the sensory systems in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been reported, the clinical characteristics of such cases still remain unknown. We therefore performed a clinico-electrophysiological analysis of sporadic ALS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve ALS patients (aged 36-66 years), who had their somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) evaluated, were reviewed and their clinical characteristics were delineated. In addition, needle EMG, sensory nerve conduction velocities, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and cervical MRI or plain X-ray of the neck were also recorded. RESULTS: Three cases were segregated from the other 9 patients because of predominant upper motor neuron signs with pseudobulbar palsy and abnormal posterior tibial nerve and/or median nerve SEPs. The MEPs were also abnormal in these 3 patients and the brainstem auditory evoked potentials were abnormal in one patient. EMG revealed less involvement in the lower motor neurons. CONCLUSION: Sporadic ALS with a predominant upper motor neuron sign and also demonstrating pseudobulbar palsy with abnormal SEPs, may therefore form a clinical subtype of ALS.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[A promising new treatment strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma--"multi-ablation therapy" consisting of radio-frequency ablation (RFA), microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) and ethanol injection therapy (EIT)].

We introduce a new treatment strategy (multi-ablation therapy) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The therapy consists of radio-frequency ablation (RFA), microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) and ethanol injection therapy (EIT). We assessed the efficacy of the therapy in 20 patients with advanced HCCs, including 10 patients with stage III and 10 patients with stage IV. The average tumor diameter was 3.6 cm (max: 6.6 cm) and the average tumor number was 3.6 (max: 11). RFA, MCT and EIT were performed in 20, 14 and 9 cases, respectively. A percutaneous, endoscopic and open approach was applied in 2, 11 and 7 cases, respectively. The average number of times treated on initial admission was 1.1. The response rate, calculated by the tumor necrosis effect, was 100%. The cumulative two-year recurrent rate in the treated sites was 33% and the 2-year cumulative survival rate was 90%. Complications were encountered in two patients (liver failure and pyothorax). Multi-ablation therapy provides an excellent prognosis for advanced HCC patients whose condition could not be controlled with conventional therapeutic modalities.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed2001

[Usefulness of a novel Blastretriever for harvesting blasts].

Usefulness of a novel reagent(Blastretriever) for harvesting blasts was evaluated. Ten minutes centrifugation using this reagent yielded cell fractions rich in blast from all samples including peripheral blood(PB) and bone marrow of patients with varying hematologic malignancies(n = 40). When 10 PB samples containing less than 2% blasts were subjected to this centrifugation, on average, the harvested fractions contained 75% blasts with good viability and well preserved morphology. The harvested blasts could be investigated by flow cytometry, cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, chromosomal analysis(G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization) and gene analysis(Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction). This new reagent should provide valuable information for the management and pathophysiology of hematologic malignancies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Inclusion body myositis associated with hepatitis C virus infection.

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a chronic progressive inflammatory myopathy in elders. Three patients with chronic hepatitis C developed IBM. Their muscle biopsies were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for two patients and immunohistochemistry for three patients. The hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA genome was detected in one of the two patients. The degenerated and atrophic muscle fibers were immunoreactive for an anti-HCV antibody in all three patients. Immunoreactivity for an anti-HCV antibody was not apparent in the muscle specimen from an IBM patient without HCV infection. Our findings suggest that HCV infection is related to the pathogenesis in some cases of IBM.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

A unique and common restriction fragment pattern of the nucleotide sequences homologous to the genome of vf33, a filamentous bacteriophage, in pandemic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 O4:K68, and O1:K untypeable.

Vf33 is a filamentous bacteriophage isolated from Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We performed Southern blot hybridization analysis to examine the distribution of Vf33-related genetic elements in the pandemic strains (O3:K6 strains isolated between 1995 and 1997, O4:K68 and O1:K untypeable strains isolated between 1997 and 1999) of V. parahaemolyticus. Nucleotide sequences homologous to the Vf33 DNA were detected in all 57 test strains including pandemic and non-pandemic strains. However, the profiles of hybridization, including the restriction fragment length polymorphism, with nine Vf33-derived DNA probes exhibited by the pandemic strains were identical and were different from those by the non-pandemic strains. The results support the hypothesis that the pandemic strains are clonal, and suggest a possibility that they have acquired (a) new gene(s) via a Vf33-like filamentous phage.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed2000

Prolongation of canine liver allograft survival by a novel immunosuppressant, FTY720: effect of monotherapy and combined treatment with conventional drugs.

BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive effect and other properties of a novel immunosuppressant, FTY720, have been studied mostly in the experimental transplantation of various extrahepatic organs. In this experiment, we evaluated the antirejection potency and adverse effects of this agent on liver grafts using a canine liver transplantation model. METHODS: Forty-eight orthotopic liver transplantations were performed by the standard technique under a veno-venous bypass. Liver recipients were divided into two studies: a single-dose study with FTY720 at various doses and a combined dose study with conventional immunosuppressants (cyclosporine or tacrolimus) alone and combined with FTY720. Survival, biochemical and hematological tests, blood levels of immunosuppressants, and postmortem histology were determined. RESULTS: The median survival of untreated control animals was 9 days, whereas treatment with FTY720 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day prolonged graft survival to 49.5 days. FTY720 at 1 mg/kg/day showed a slight but insignificant prolongation to 16 days, but when the dose was increased to 5 mg/kg/day, the graft was rejected at 10 days. The combination of FTY720, 0.1 mg/kg/day, with a subtherapeutic dose of cyclosporine, 5 mg/kg/ day, prolonged median animal survival from 40 days with cyclosporine alone to 74 days. A combination of FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg/day) with tacrolimus (0.5 mg/kg/ day) compromised animal survival, reducing survival from 83.5 days with tacrolimus alone to 30.5 days due to infectious complication and emaciation by overimmunosuppression. No evident drug-induced side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: FTY720 has a potent immunosuppressive effect when used alone at 0.1 mg/kg/day in canine liver transplantation. FTY720 is a promising candidate for future clinical application in orthotopic liver transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cloning and expression study of the mouse tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit NaT/Scn11a.

We have cloned a tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit from a mouse cDNA library and designated it as NaT. It encodes 1765 amino acid residues and is virtually identical to that of Scn11a, which has been reported recently, except for 40 nt and 14 aa substitutions. The amino acid identity of NaT/Scn11a with rat NaN/SNS2 is 88%. NaT/Scn11a was mapped to mouse chromosome 9F3-F4 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). While rat NaN/SNS2 has been reported to be expressed specifically in the peripheral sensory neurons, NaT/Scn11a is expressed not only in the peripheral sensory neurons but also in the spinal cord, uterus, testis, ovary, placenta, and small intestine. NaT is detectable in mouse embryos 15 days postcoitus (p.c.), around the phase of organogenesis and gonadal differentiation. These findings demonstrate a unique distribution of NaT/Scn11a and suggest some of its roles in the above-mentioned processes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Identification of a novel human voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit gene, SCN12A.

We have cloned a cDNA encoding a novel human voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit gene, SCN12A, from human brain. Two alternative splicing variants for SCN12A have been identified. The longest open reading frame of SCN12A encodes 1791 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of SCN12A shows 37-73% similarity with various other mammalian sodium channels. The presence of a serine residue (S360) in the SS2 segment of domain I suggests that SCN12A is resistant to tetrodotoxin (TTX), as in the cases of rat Scn10a (rPN3/SNS) and rat Scn11a (NaN/SNS2). SCN12A is expressed predominantly in olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cerebellar cortex, spinal cord, spleen, small intestine, and placenta. Although expression level could not be determined, SCN12A is also expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Both neurons and glial cells express SCN12A. SCN12A maps to human chromosome 3p23-p21.3. These results suggest that SCN12A is a tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium channel expressed in the central nervous system and nonneural tissues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Penetrating knife injury to the heart.

A 39-year-old man attempted to kill himself using a small knife to penetrate the left anterior chest wall because of trouble at work and with his girlfriend. On arrival at the emergency room, his consciousness was not clear and vital signs were unstable. The knife remained vertically located in the left anterior chest wall. A large left hemothorax was identified by chest X-ray, and moderate cardiac tamponade was detected by echocardiography. Left-sided chest drainage was performed by inserting a chest drainage tube, and about 2500 ml of hemorrhagic effusion was drained. An emergency operation was performed to relieve the cardiac tamponade and repair the penetrating cardiac injury. About an hour after arrival at the emergency room, a median sternotomy was performed in the operating room. The knife had injured the surface of the right ventricular outflow tract, the left lung, and the 3rd intercostal artery and vein. Cardiopulmonary bypass was immediately prepared for the repair of the cardiac injury. The wounds were successfully repaired with pledgeted sutures under cardiac beating. The postoperative course was uneventful with no sign of infection. The patient was discharged at 9 days after the operation. Here we have reported a case of successful surgical repair of a penetrating knife injury to the heart, which was managed by immediate resuscitation and emergency surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Surgical repair of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture.

OBJECTIVES: Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture is fatal without surgical repair because of heart failure and secondary multiple organ failure. We investigated surgical results of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture and discussed the surgical strategy of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture. METHODS: Twelve patients (mean age 71.3 +/- 7.4 years, with range from 61 to 81 years) underwent surgical repair of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture, from 1990 to 1998 in our Institute. There were 6 women and 6 men. The ventricular septal rupture was anterior in 10 patients and inferior in 2. The operative technique for anterior ventricular septal rupture was reconstruction of the septum with a Dacron patch after infarctectomy, according to the method of Daggett et al. For posterior ventricular septal rupture, reconstruction of the septum with a Dacron patch after infarctectomy was performed and the ventricular incision was closed with a two-layer patch. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 5 patients for severe proximal coronary artery stenosis using saphenous vein grafts. RESULTS: Overall hospital mortality was 0%. A postoperative residual shunt was recognized in 3 patients, but all were well-controlled conservatively and re-operation was not needed. The patients have been followed up for a mean of 59.5 months. There have been two late deaths due to non-cardiac problems. Acturial survival rate for the 12 patients was 90% at 1 year and 75% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The Daggett method is simple and fast, and is an effective and reliable technique for the repair of ventricular septal rupture.

Aged↗