Biomedical subjects

K Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to K Ogata.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

[Effect of induction methods of pediatric anesthesia on serum myoglobin].

Two hundred and twenty nine children from infancy to middle teens divided into six groups were studied to determine the effect of induction methods of pediatric general anesthesia on serum myoglobin. After the slow induction with nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane (GOF), the serum myoglobin increased significantly to 1774.7 +/- 4285.8 ng.ml-1 (mean +/- SD) by iv administration of succinylcholine 1 mg.kg-1. This significant increase of serum myoglobin was reduced by pretreatment with d-tubocurarine (dTc) 0.05 mg.kg-1 before administration of succinylcholine. However, it was not reduced by pretreatment with thiopental 3 mg.kg-1. After the rapid induction with thiopental 5 mg.kg-1 and succinylcholine 1 mg.kg-1, the serum myoglobin increased slightly to 387.6 +/- 596.5 ng.ml-1. But this increase in serum myoglobin was stopped by pretreatment with dTc 0.05 mg.kg-1 before the rapid induction. Serum myoglobin was not changed without succinylcholine after the slow induction with GOF. In each group, there was no relation with serum myoglobin and ages or fasciculation. Serum myoglobin was more influenced by the induction methods of pediatric general anesthesia than by ages.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Blood clotting factor IX BM Nagoya. Substitution of arginine 180 by tryptophan and its activation by alpha-chymotrypsin and rat mast cell chymase.

Factor IX BM Nagoya (IX Nagoya) is a natural mutant of factor IX responsible for severe hemophilia B. A patient with this mutant is characterized by a markedly prolonged ox brain prothrombin time. IX Nagoya was purified from the patient's plasma by immunoaffinity chromatography with an anti-factor IX monoclonal antibody column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that treatment of IX Nagoya with factor XIa/Ca2+ resulted in cleavage only at the Arg145-Ala146 bond. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography of a trypsin digest of IX Nagoya showed an aberrant peptide, which was further digested with proteinase Asp-N. Primary structure analysis of one of the Asp-N peptides revealed that Arg180 is replaced by Trp. An essentially complete (99%) amino acid sequence of IX Nagoya was obtained by sequencing fragments derived from a lysyl endopeptidase digest in which no other substitutions in the catalytic triad or substrate binding site were found. We also found that IX Nagoya is activated by alpha-chymotrypsin or rat mast cell chymase by monitoring the rate of factor X activation using a fluorogenic peptide substrate in the presence of factor VIII, phospholipids, and Ca2+. These results indicate that the substitution of Arg180 by Trp impairs the cleavage by factor XIa required for activation of this zymogen and that the substitution causes hemophilia BM.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Bovine mitochondrial rhodanese is a phosphoprotein.

The mitochondrial sulfurtransferase, rhodanese, has been analyzed for phosphate content. Significant amounts of protein-bound phosphate (30-40%) were measured in the six rhodanese preparations examined. Chromatographic experiments followed by phosphate analyses done on two of the preparations indicated that rhodanese A and rhodanese B, two enzyme forms that were previously resolved on DEAE-Sephadex by Blumenthal and Heinrikson (Blumenthal, K., and Heinrikson, R. L. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 240, 2430-2437), correspond to dephospho- and phosphorhodanese, respectively. The phosphorylation of rhodanese by [gamma-32P]ATP is catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The stoichiometry of 32P incorporation based on the amount of dephosphorhodanese in the enzyme preparation approaches 1.0. The phosphorylation site is accessible in rhodanese that is free of substrate sulfur but not in the covalent enzyme-sulfur intermediate which is formed as an obligatory step during the course of catalysis. Because the cellular localization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase makes it unlikely as the physiologic modulator of rhodanese activity, liver extracts have been tested for a rhodanese kinase that does not require cAMP. Rhodanese kinase activity which is independent of cAMP is observed in extract fractions resolved by Affi-Gel Blue chromatography and freed from endogenous rhodanese by chromatography on Sephadex G-100. These results together with previous findings from this and other laboratories have led to a working model of a bicyclic cascade system that can modulate the rate of mitochondrial respiration. The essence of the model is a transduction and amplification of cellular signals into the altered covalent phosphorylation of rhodanese. Rhodanese, in turn, serves as a converter enzyme which directly alters the rate of the respiratory chain and, thus, ATP production by the reversible sulfuration of key iron-sulfur centers. The model, when expanded to include signal pathways initiated by hormones or neurotransmitters, represents a mechanism by which mitochondria can recognize and meet changing energy demands.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Neurons of origin of the internal ramus of the rabbit accessory nerve: localization in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve and the nucleus retroambigualis.

The neurons of origin of the internal ramus of the rabbit accessory nerve were identified in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve, using bilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase into the inferior vagal ganglion, soft palate, and pharynx, which were preceded by different combinations of the unilateral intracranial severings of the rootlets of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, those of the cranial root of the accessory nerve, and the trunk of its spinal root. The neurons of origin occupied the caudal four-fifths of the dorsal vagal nucleus extending from about 1.0 mm rostral to the obex as far caudally as the second cervical spinal segment, with their number being about half the total number of neurons of the nucleus. Although considerably fewer, they were also located in the nucleus retroambigualis of the caudal half of the first cervical spinal segment and the second segment. Axons of most internal ramus neurons traversed the rootlets of the cranial accessory root. Axons of the few neurons located more caudally than about 1.0 mm caudal to the obex emerged from the upper cervical spinal cord to run along the trunk of the spinal accessory root before finally joining the internal ramus; caudal to the midlevel of the first cervical segment, the dorsal vagal nucleus and the nucleus retroambigualis contained neurons whose axons followed only that course.

Accessory Nerve↗

PubMed1989

Increased circulating levels of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein and decreased bone mass in children on anticonvulsant therapy.

In order to investigate the pathophysiology of anticonvulsant-induced osteopenia, circulating levels of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (Bone Gla Protein: BGP) and urinary excretion of BGP were measured in 16 children on chronic anticonvulsant therapy and in 12 control children. Using microdensitometry analysis, osteopenia was found in 25% of the anticonvulsant therapy group, but it was not observed in the control group. Serum BGP and A1-P levels were significantly increased in the anticonvulsant group compared with the control group (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively), and a positive correlation was found between serum BGP and A1-P levels (P less than 0.05). Urinary excretion of BGP and hydroxyproline showed an increase in the anticonvulsant group, but it was not statistically significant. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two groups in serum levels of vitamin D metabolites, PTH, calcitonin, Ca, or P or in urinary excretion of Ca or P. It is suggested, therefore, that the increased BGP level in children receiving anticonvulsant therapy is a reflection of high bone turnover due to anticonvulsant drug complications.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗

PubMed1989

Changes in ribosomal proteins in developing Artemia salina embryos.

Ribosomal proteins from cysts and nauplii of Artemia salina were analyzed by three kinds of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The basic-acidic and basic-SDS gel systems were used to compare the basic ribosomal proteins, and some changes were observed between the cysts and nauplii in proteins S6, S14, and L24. The phosphorylation of protein S6 was increased in the nauplii. Basic proteins S14 and L24 in the cysts changed and none of the corresponding proteins in the nauplii were detected at the same positions on two-dimensional gels as in the cysts. The acidic-SDS gel system was used to compare the acidic proteins in ribosomes and it was revealed that an acidic protein, AX (Mr = 24,000), in the cysts was not present in the ribosomes from the nauplii. The ribosomal activities as to the formation of an 80S initiation complex with globin mRNA and poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis were compared. There was no significant difference between the cyst and nauplius ribosomes.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Partial purification of human urinary megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Urinary extracts from patients with aplastic anemia are known to promote murine megakaryocytopoiesis. In this report, we show a simple method for the partial purification of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor from human urine. A four-step purification procedure, which included ethanol precipitation, CM Affi-Gel Blue chromatography, wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose chromatography and high-resolution hydroxyapatite chromatography, resulted in an about 430- to 630-fold increase of specific activity. The final fractions were still contaminated with erythropoietin, but the contaminated content of erythropoietin was not enough to stimulate mouse megakaryocytopoiesis in our culture system. We also demonstrate that human urinary extracts stimulated human megakaryocyte colony formation.

Anemia, Aplastic↗

PubMed1989

Thrombosis-inducing activity found in plasma from two patients with advanced lung cancer.

In 2 patients with lung cancer, the coagulation system was supposed to be activated by the findings of elevation of plasma fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) and/or peripheral platelet counts. The plasma thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels in 1 patient were measured and proved to be 160 and 20 times higher than the control level, respectively. When 0.5 ml of plasma from each patient was given intravenously into Balb/c mice, the mice died within 5 min. The multiple thrombosis mainly composed of aggregated platelets and present in the lungs of these mice probably led to death of these animals. On the contrary, no such activity was found in plasma from healthy subjects or other patients with lung cancer who showed no manifestations of enhancement in the coagulation system.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Presence of thrombosis-inducing activity in plasma from patients with lung cancer.

Thrombosis-inducing activity (TIA) was detected in the peripheral blood of some patients with advanced lung cancer. When plasma from the patients was given intravenously to mice or to guinea pigs, the animals became immobile within 2 min and died at 3 to 30 min after the injection. Multiple thrombosis was found in the lungs and was considered to be the cause of the death. Thrombosis was not formed and the mice survived when heparin was given intravenously 5 min before the injection of the plasma. This TIA was present in plasma from 13 of 42 patients with lung cancer. On the contrary, only two of 32 with chronic lung diseases and two of 31 healthy control subjects had this activity in the plasma. The coagulation system in the 13 patients was considered to be chronically activated, as revealed by elevation of plasma fibrinogen levels, fibrin degradation product levels, and/or peripheral platelet counts. The TIA shared characteristics with tissue factor in that it was heat labile, nondialyzable through a dialysis membrane with a 10,000 molecular weight exclusion limit, sensitive to phospholipase C treatment, precipitated by 50% ammonium sulfate, and bound to concanavalin-A Sepharose.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Radioimmunoassay of human pancreatic amylase with monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody (E-21) was obtained that specifically binds to human pancreatic amylase and shows negligible cross-reaction with human salivary amylase. Using this antibody a radioimmunoassay was developed for pancreatic amylase in human serum. The assay was shown to be sensitive (detectable up to 7 mg/L), reproducible, and specific for pancreatic amylase. In normal subjects, the mean concentration of serum pancreatic amylase determined by this method was 36.3 mg/L with a 95% confidence range of 16.5 to 79.2 mg/L. A good correlation was observed between the concentrations of immunoreactive pancreatic amylase (IR-PA) and enzymatic activities in 20 serum samples (r = 0.97). The concentration of serum IR-PA was below the detectable limit in pancreatectomised patients, and was greatly increased in patients with acute pancreatitis; the latter was accompanied by parallel changes in total enzymic activity. In patients with mumps, the serum IR-PA level was within the normal range whereas the total enzymic activity was elevated.

Amylases↗

PubMed1989

Histamine release induced by proteolytic digests of human serum albumin: isolation and structure of an active peptide from pepsin treatment.

Treatment of human serum albumin with a proteolytic enzyme such as pepsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, cathepsin D or trypsin generated histamine releasing peptides. A low-molecular weight peptide (P-1) responsible for releasing histamine was isolated from peptic digests of human serum albumin by affinity chromatography on heparin-Ultrogel and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid sequence of the P-1 was estimated to be V-R-Y-T-K-K-V-P-Q-V-S-T-P-T-L by Edman degradation. The sequence determined appears to correspond to residues 409-423 of human serum albumin. Peptide P-1 produced dose-related histamine release from isolated rat mast cells in the concentration range of 1-50 microM. The intradermal injection of the P-1 (0.5 micrograms) increased capillary permeability in rats. This response was blocked by the antihistamine diphenhydramine.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Dimensional accuracy of microwave-cured denture base resin].

Recently, microwave-cured denture base resin was developed, and the resin solved the problem of internal porosity which had been generated by curing the conventional denture base resins with microwave irradiation. In this study, the dimensional accuracy of microwave-cured denture base resin was compared with that of other denture base resins, such as pour-type resin, heat-cured resin and heat-shock resin. From the experiment, the following results were obtained. 1. Dimensional accuracy of microwave-cured denture base resin was better than that of heat-cured resin and heat-shock resin, and was similar to that of pour-type resin. 2. Dimensional accuracy of microwave-cured denture base resin by slow cooling method and rapid cooling method was almost the same. Those findings suggest that microwave-cured denture base resin is valuable in clinic.

Denture Bases↗

PubMed1989

[Attempt of analyzing the mandibular movement in three dimensions by computer graphics].

In clinic, simplified mandibular movement measuring devices are used for diagnosis of patients with stomatognathic dysfunction and recording maxillomandibular relation. It is difficult to understand mandibular movement in three dimensions from the path on the three planes, because the path of mandibular movement is in three dimensional space with time, not separately on each plane. The purpose of this study was to develop the three dimensional analyzing system by computer graphics. Mandibular movement was recorded by Mandibular Kinesiograph. The signals were sent to personal computer and the data were processed by the software. The basic specifications of the program were as follows: 1. Data could be observed from various viewpoints. 2. Necessary section of the simultaneous data could be displayed. 3. "C" was used for the software describing language. Following results were obtained: It was possible to analyze the path of mandibular movement in other coordinate axis and understand the path of mandibular movement in three dimensions more accurately.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed1989

Early effects of refeeding a complete diet on the translational initiation activity in rat liver slices.

A complete diet containing 23% protein was fed to two-day-fasted rats. The effects of this diet on protein biosynthesis, through the examination of liver slices, was investigated. (1) Refeeding enhanced the protein-synthesizing activity with better preservation of heavy polysomes in the liver slices. Protein in the diet was necessary to induce, through refeeding, the activation of protein synthesis in the liver. (2) The incorporation of [3H]methionine into 40S subunits and 80S subunits, where "run-off" 40S and 60S subunits had been accumulated by preincubation with 2 x 10(-6) M pactamycin, was much higher in the liver slices of refed rats than in the liver slices of fasted rats. By using chain initiation inhibitors, it was shown that labeled 40S and 80S subunits were 40S and 80S initiation complexes, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Extensive bone marrow necrosis associated with carcinomatosis 7 years after operation for gastric cancer].

A case of extensive bone marrow necrosis due to cancer metastasis is reported. A 55-year-old female, who had a history of subtotal gastrectomy for signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach 7 years ago, was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of lumbago on October 25, 1987. Red blood cell count was 92 X 10(4)/microliters, hemoglobin 2.7 g/dl, hematocrit 8.0%, platelet 6.4 X 10(4)/microliters, and white blood cell count 13,400/microliters with leukoerythroblastosis. Bone marrow aspiration of the sternum, left iliac crest, and bilateral posterior superior iliac supine showed extensive bone marrow necrosis. Serum ALP was increased to 7410IU/l, dominated isozyme of bone type. Hemostatic findings suggested a complication of consumption coagulopathy. Skull, vertebrae, iliac and pelvic bone X-ray showed multiple osteolytic lesions, and irregular isotope uptake was recognized on the bone scintigraphy using 99mTc. Sixth bone marrow examination at the right iliac crest revealed signet ring cell carcinoma metastasis. In spite of detailed examinations, there was no evidence of primary carcinoma, including the remnant of stomach. We speculated that the signet ring cells were originated from the respected gastric cancer. The patient has received anti-cancer chemotherapy with UFT and OK432, and is still alive 9 months after diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1989

Extragenic factor IX gene RFLP is useful for detecting carriers of Japanese hemophilia B.

Seventy-eight X chromosomes from 25 normal Japanese subjects and 22 family members with hemophilia B (coagulation factor IX deficiency) were examined with an extragenic factor IX DNA probe, pX58dIIIc at DXS99 locus. In contrast to the previously described nonpolymorphic RFLPs in the factor IX gene, DXS99 locus RFLP produced by SacI digestion was detected among those Japanese subjects with allelic frequencies of 0.48 and 0.52. The estimated heterozygosity rate of this extragenic RFLP among Japanese females was about 50%. The study of hemophilia B family members showed that DXS99 locus RFLP was informative in 9 out of 13 families tested (69.2%). No recombination events between the factor IX gene locus (F9) and DXS99 locus have been noted among nine families analyzed. DXS99 SacI RFLP is a useful gene indicator of carrier-ship of hemophilia B.

Factor IX↗

PubMed1989

[Subarachnoid anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine].

The effect, duration and complications of subarachnoid anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine solution, adjusted at a gravity of 1.044 and 1.033 by adding glucose, were compared with those of isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine anesthesia. Thirty patients undergoing surgical operations on lower abdomen or lower extremities were divided into three groups and given 2.0 to 4.0 ml of bupivacaine at L3-4 according to the body height. The upper margin of analgesic zone at 15min and 60min after the subarachnoid injection of bupivacaine was higher in the hyperbaric groups, but it receded thereafter and significant differences were found at 120min compared with the isobaric group. Hypotension occurred less frequently in the hyperbaric groups. The short duration of analgesia in the hyperbaric groups may be attributable to the lower concentrations of bupivacaine, 0.40 and 0.45%, but the low frequency of hypotension might be due to the younger mean ages of these two groups. No notable complications were found in any group. Bupivacaine solution of 0.5% with a higher gravity is desired in the market.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Localization of the rabbit pharyngeal motoneurons and peripheral courses of their axons: a study by means of the retrograde HRP or fluorescent labeling technique].

The localization of the rabbit pharyngeal montoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus and peripheral courses of their axons were investigated using injection of retrograde labeling tracers, i.e., HRP and nuclear yellow, into the individual pharyngeal muscles or using the injection in conjunction with intracranial severing of either the vagal or glossopharyngeal rootlets. The nucleus ambiguus of the rabbit was divided into four groups of neuron, of which the following two, the compact cell group (CoG) and the medial scattered group (SGm), were pertinent to the pharyngeal montoneurons. The CoG is a group formed by a compact arrangement of the smallest neurons and situated in the rostral half of the nucleus ambiguus. The SGm is a group formed by a scattered arrangement of slightly larger neurons in the rostral one-third of the nucleus and located medial to the CoG. The labeled stylopharyngeal motoneurons occupied the rostral portion of the SGm at a level from about 2800 to 3100 microns rostral to the obex. They were completely abolished by severing the glossopharyngeal rootlets, in contrast to no change of labeled neuron number when severing the vagal rootlets. Thus, all axons of the stylopharyngeal motoneurons were concluded to traverse the glossopharyngeal rootlets. The labeled palatopharyngeal motoneurons were found in the caudal portion of the CoG at a level from 500 to 1900 microns rostral to the obex, with their number being numerous at the caudal one-third of CoG, 500 to 1300 microns. All their axons traversed the vagal rootlets. The labeled pharyngeal constrictor motoneurons were found at almost all rostrocaudal levels of CoG, 500 to 2900 microns rostral to the obex, with their number being numerous in its middle one-third level. Although motoneurons of the superior constrictor, those of the middle constrictor, and those of the thyro and cricopharyngeal muscles composing the inferior constrictor overlapped rostrocaudally in location, their ranges of appearance had a tendency of arranging rostrocaudally in that order. At the middle one-third level of CoG, in which the CoG was subdivided into two subgroups, dorsomedial and ventrolateral, the superior and middle constrictor motoneurons were located in its entire portion. The majority of axons of the pharyngeal constrictor motoneurons traversed the vagal rootlets, though a few axons whose somata lay in the rostral portion of the CoG traversed the glossopharyngeal rootlets.

Animals↗