Biomedical subjects
K Oda
Publications and source records attributed to K Oda.
[A case of multiple cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy].
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[A case of psittacosis presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome and successfully treated with steroid pulse therapy].
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[Microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field].
Rokitamycin (RKM), a newly developed macrolide antibiotic with a 16-membered ring, dissolves well under acidic conditions. It has been improved over other macrolides to minimize individual variations in its absorbability. We measured, using the GA-test, variations in gastric acidities of 43 children with ages between 1 to 14 years, and investigated the relationship between gastric acidities and pharmacokinetic values. Also activities (expressed in MICs) of antimicrobial agents were studied against clinically isolated 229 bacterial strains using an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. Tested organisms included Streptococcus pyogenes (77 strains), Streptococcus agalactiae (29), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2), as Gram-positive cocci, and Haemophilus influenzae (1), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1), Bordetella pertussis (12), Salmonella sp. (4) and Campylobacter jejuni (103) as Gram-negative bacilli. Against stock strains of bacteria, MICs of 10 drugs (RKM, erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM), midecamycin (MDM), midecamycin acetate (MOM), clindamycin (CLDM), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), minocycline, ofloxacin (OFLX] were determined. Against isolates from patients who underwent treatment with RKM, MICs of only 4 drugs (RKM, EM, JM, MOM) were determined. Measurements were made on plasma and urinary concentrations of RKM and its urinary recovery rates after patients including 6 boys with ages between 5 years 1 month and 11 years 6 months were administered with RKM (dry syrup). Two groups of 6 boys were administered between meals with RKM at dose levels of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Clinical and bacteriological effects of RKM were evaluated for 175 patients including 5 cases of pharyngitis, 3 tonsillitis, 32 pneumonia, 17 mycoplasmal pneumonia, 34 atypical pneumonia, 28 streptococcal infections, 29 Campylobacter enteritis, 4 Salmonella gastroenteritis, and 23 enteritis due to unknown organisms. Five drop-out cases were excluded from the evaluations. In the evaluable cases, an average dose level used was 31.8 mg/kg/day, with a daily dose divided into 3 to 4 administrations and with an average treatment duration of 9 days. Adverse reactions of RKM and its effects on laboratory test values were investigated in these patients including the drop out cases. Obtained results of these studies are summarized below. 1. The GA-test produced pH values indicating that amounts of gastric acid were mostly either normal or high in 42 of the 43 subjects tested (97.7%), and only one low acid case (2.3%) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in neonates and low birth weight infants].
Ceftizoxime (CZX), one of the fifth group in cephem-antibiotics classified by Fujii, was administrated intravenously with a one shot dose of 20 mg/kg to neonates and low birth weight infants with ages ranged 4-21 day old and plasma and urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of the drug were determined. Clinical, prophylactic and bacteriological effects of CZX were evaluated and adverse reactions and effects on laboratory test values due to this drug were studied in 22 neonates and low birth weight infants (0-76 day old) consisting of 16 cases with various bacterial infections including presumptive cases of bacterial infections and 6 cases with prophylactic administration against infectious diseases. An average CZX daily dose of 55.3 mg/kg was given once or divided into 2-4 times daily (twice: 16 cases, 3 times: 3 cases, 4 times: 2 cases) through intravenous one shot administration for 6 days on the average. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Neonates and low birth weight infants were classified into 3 groups by age: 4-7, 8-14, 15-21 day old. Plasma peak levels of CZX were observed at an average of 5 minutes after administration in all 3 groups with mean values of 58.3, 74.9 and 76.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the 4-7 day old-group showed a lower value than with other 2 groups. Mean values of AUC were 218.9, 221.0 and 197.0 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively, and no notable difference was observed within each group. Mean values of half-lives of CZX were 3.61, 2.72 and 2.37 hours, respectively, and the younger group tended to have the longer value. 2. Urinary concentrations of CZX ranged 10.9-1.190 micrograms/ml in all of the 3 groups during 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 hours after administration. Mean values of urinary recovery rates during 8 hours of the 3 age-groups were 60.1, 68.7, 56.7%, respectively. The oldest group showed the lowest mean value because one of the cases had the lowest value of 34.5% for an unknown reason. 3. Clinical effect of CZX in 16 cases with various bacterial infections and presumptive bacterial infections was evaluated with an efficacy rate of 87.5%. The prophylactic effect was recognized in all 6 cases that were given CZX to prevent infectious diseases. 4. The bacteriological effect was evaluated in only one case with an infection due to Escherichia coli, which was eradicated by the treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[UFT + MMC and UFT + ACNU therapy in advanced gastric cancer].
The effects of UFT + MMC and UFT + ACNU therapy on advanced gastric cancer were compared by randomized controlled trial in 12 institutions. Unresectable and postoperatively recurrent patients were divided into PS 0-2 and 3-4 groups. After classification according to cancer spread, such as localized type, hepatic metastatic type, ascitic type and distant metastatic type, regimens of (A) UFT 375 mg/m2/day + MMC 5 mg/m2 for 1-2 W or (B) UFT + ACNU 60 mg/m2/W/x2 (with a 4-week interval) were administered for as long as possible. As a result, among a total of 104 cases, responses were recognized in 7 out of 32 cases (21.9%) treated with regimen A and in 5 out of 25 cases (20.0%) treated with regimen B, giving a total of 57 evaluable cases excluding 33 incompletely evaluated cases and 14 ineligible cases. This study therefore demonstrated no significant difference between the two regimens. The median survival of patients treated with regimen A was 120 days, and that of patients treated with regimen B, 155 days. There was no significant difference between the two regimens. As side effects, UGI symptoms were recognized in 35.4% of regimen A patients and in 37.1% of regimen B patients. Bone marrow suppression appeared in 39.6% of regimen A patients and in 54.3% of regimen B patients.
[Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup on Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the neonate and infant].
A dry syrup preparation for infants and children of a newly developed 16-membered macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin, was administered to 5 neonates and low birth weight infants of 6 to 25 days after births at a dose level of 10 mg/kg on an empty stomach then plasma drug levels were determined. The dry syrup preparation was also given to a total of 19 Chlamydia trachomatis infection cases of 7 days to 8 months old neonates, low birth weight infants and infants including 12 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of conjunctivitis and 5 non-symptomatic carriers at an average daily dose level of 48.1 mg/kg in 2 to 4 doses for an average of 19 days and its clinical effects, bacteriological effectiveness, side effects and effects on laboratory test values were examined. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Because the test subjects were neonates and premature infants, obtainable amounts of blood samples were limited, thus it was not possible to determine time courses of plasma drug levels to reach their peaks. Peak plasma levels, however, were speculated to be similar to those in children. Plasma half-lives of the drug were also not determinable, but they seemed to be somewhat longer than those in children. 2. Clinical efficacies were determinable in the 2 cases of conjunctivitis and 10 of the 12 cases of pneumonia, with excellent or good results in both cases of the former and with excellent or good results in 9 of the 10 determinable cases of the latter. Thus, the overall efficacy rate was high, 91.7%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies were determinable in 18 cases including non-symptomatic carriers. C. trachomatis was eradicated in 16 of the cases with an overall efficacy rate of 88.9%. 4. Diarrhea was observed in 2 cases, which were suspected as side effects of the drug. 5. No abnormalities were observed in the laboratory test results. Judging from the above results, this drug appears to be useful for the treatment of C. trachomatis infections of neonates, low birth weight infants and infants.
[Clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup on skin and soft tissue infections in the pediatric fields].
Rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup, a newly developed macrolide antibiotic, was administered to children with ages between 6 months and 15 years and 10 months suffering from skin and soft tissue infections including 41 cases of impetigo, one case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and 2 cases of subcutaneous abscess totalling 44 cases. The average daily dose level used was 31.3 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses, for an average of 6 days of treatment. MICs of 4 different macrolide antibiotics including RKM, erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM) and midecamycin acetate (MDM acetate) were determined against 32 bacterial strains isolated from these cases including 30 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes. The inoculum level used was 10(6) cells/ml. Among these strains of bacteria, 20 strains of S. aureus and 1 strain of S. pyogenes were also used, at the same inoculum size, for the determination of MICs of 4 beta-lactam antibiotics including 3 different penicillins such as ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC) and cloxacillin (MCIPC) and cefaclor (CCL), a cephem antibiotic. RKM was then evaluated through the above treatment for its clinical efficacy, bacteriological effects, side effects and effects on laboratory test values. Obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Activities of drugs tested were compared to each other. MIC90 of RKM against S. aureus averaged 0.39 microgram/ml, and against no strains of S. aureus showed MIC values of higher than 25 micrograms/ml, thus, the antibacterial activity of RKM against S. aureus was the highest among the 8 drugs tested. The activity of MCIPC was next highest followed by that of DMPPC, MIC determination was done on only 2 strains, or, for some drugs, only one strain, of S. pyogenes, and RKM showed activities somewhat lower than ABPC and EM, and similar to JM and CCL within the limited testing. 2. Clinical efficacies of RKM determined by doctors in charge were 97.6% in the 41 cases of impetigo, with good or excellent efficacies were observed, 100% in the single case of SSSS and the 2 cases of subcutaneous abscess. Thus an overall efficacy on the 44 cases was rated very high, at 97.7%. 3. Clinical efficacy rating according to accumulated scores was determinable in 37 cases including all the 3 diseases on the third day of treatment with an efficacy rate of 89.2%. Ratings were determinable on the fifth and the seventh days of treatment in 24 and 21 cases, respectively, with all the cases judged good or excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
[Hemostatic tests for the diagnosis of thrombosis. Activated platelet].
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[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sultamicillin granule in the pediatric field].
Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a combined drug of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) which is an inhibitor of beta-lactamase, in a clinical form of tosylate with equivalent molecules in ester linkages. A tablet form of this combined drug has been released since July, 1987 in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. Hence, the granular form of SBTPC was administered to 6 boys (age: 8 years 5 months-11 years 5 months) to determine plasma and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery-rates. The dose of 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg was given orally just after meal to 3 boys. To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 27.1 mg/kg divided 2-4 times a day was administered for 9 days on the average to a total of 57 cases with pharyngitis (5), tonsillitis (5), laryngitis (1), bronchitis (1), pneumonia (8), scarlet fever (1), typhoid fever (1), impetigo (16), furuncle (2), abscess (6), lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (10) except 2 cases which were unevaluable for clinical effects. MICs of 7 drugs (SBTPC, ABPC, SBT, methicillin (DMPPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cephalexin and cefaclor) against 12 of 22 strains isolated from patients with infections of skin and soft tissue were determined with inoculum-sizes of 10(8) and 10(8) CFU/ml to study beta-lactamase producing activities. Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients including dropped-out cases. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Mean plasma peak levels of ABPC and SBT were observed at 1 hour after administration in both of the 10 mg/kg and the 15 mg/kg groups with values of 2.34 and 5.57 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 1.87 and 4.66 micrograms/ml for SBT, respectively. Mean concentrations of SBT were lower than those of ABPC in both groups and individuals. Dose-responses in plasma levels and AUCs were observed in both groups. Mean half-life values of ABPC and SBT in the 2 groups were 1.93 and 1.12 hours for ABPC and 1.97 and 1.22 for SBT, respectively. Mean half-life values for ABPC and SBT were similar in each group and this tendency was also seen among individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
[Clinico-pathological study on the nephrotic patients in the elderly].
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Autoimmune thrombocytopenia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a case report.
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Analysis of platelet antigen for anti-platelet antibodies in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura using flow cytometry.
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[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of ceftriaxone in neonates and premature infants].
Following a one shot injection with ceftriaxone (CTRX) 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg into 23 neonates (1 to 24 days old) including premature infants, plasma levels of CTRX were measured up to 12 hours post-dose in some cases and up to 72 hours post-dose in others and also urinary levels and urinary recovery rates were determined up to 12 hours post-dose. Furthermore, clinical, bacteriological and infection-prophylactic effects of CTRX were evaluated by the intravenous administration with the mean dose of CTRX of 47.7 mg/kg once daily or half the dose twice daily for 9 days on the average into 46 infants (0 to 6 months old) including neonates and premature infants; i.e., 21 cases with actual or suspected bacterial infections for the evaluation of clinical and bacteriological effects and 25 without bacterial infection for the evaluation of prophylactic effects against bacterial infection. The safety of CTRX was evaluated in 53 cases including 7 which were omitted from the efficacy evaluation due to adverse reactions and also in some cases from clinical laboratory parameters. The following is a summary of the results obtained: 1. Following the administration with CTRX 10 mg/kg into each of the neonates 6, 12, 13 and 21 days old (the 21 old one was premature), plasma levels of CTRX in these subjects reached their peaks at 5 minutes post-dose at levels of 59.38, 53.13, 37.50 and 50.00 micrograms/ml, respectively. The peak levels were similar to each other with an exception of the rather low level in the 13 day-old neonate. The plasma half-life times of CTRX in these subjects were 9.762, 7.775, 7.330 and 8.149 hours, respectively: The younger the infant the longer the half-life tended to be except the premature cases. Similarly, the younger the infant the larger the AUC was except for the premature case with the AUC values of 511.169, 324.714, 236.346 and 326.825 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. The Vds were 0.709, 1.004, 1.316 and 0.696 liters, respectively, and the value for 13 day-old neonate was the largest. Urinary levels of CTRX reached between 42.00 and 298.30 micrograms/ml at some time within 12 hours post-dose in any cases. Urinary recovery rates in 12 hours post-dose were 79.98, 52.00, 56.82 and 60.14%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of pyridostigmine in plasma.
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Effects of EDTA on the membrane glycoproteins IIb-IIIa complex--analysis using flow cytometry.
We developed new monoclonal antibodies (NNKY1-32, NNKY2-6, NNKY2-18) that react with a determinant specific to the GPIIb-IIIa complex, and studied the distribution of GPIIb/IIIa on the platelet surface in vivo and some factors that influence the structure of GPIIb/IIIa using flow cytometry. 1. The surface of large platelets is richer in GPIIb/IIIa than that of small platelets. 2. Incubation of intact platelets with EDTA at 37 degrees C causes progressive dissociation of GPIIb-IIIa complexes, and this influence is marked in small platelets. 3. Addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+ to dissociated GPIIb-IIIa complexes causes reassociation, and additionary ADP after the cation treatment further increases the binding of monoclonal antibodies. 4. Prolonged incubation of intact platelets with EDTA at 37 degrees C induces a peculiar change of structure in the GPIIb/IIIa.
Modulation of testicular galactolipid sulfotransferase activity in vitro by ATP.
Testicular galactolipid sulfotransferase activity is an early marker of differentiation during mammalian spermatogenesis. The enzyme will catalyze the sulfation of galactosylglycerol in the 3' position of the galactose moiety at 37 degrees C in vitro. However, sulfotransferase activity was found to be completely lost on preincubation of the solubilized enzyme preparation at 37 degrees C. This loss of activity was completely prevented by inclusion of ATP and Triton in the preincubation step. This protective effect was synergistic, pH dependent and correlated with an inhibition of endogenous phosphatase activity. These results are interpreted to suggest that the galactolipid sulfotransferase may be regulated by a phosphorylation mechanism.
Brefeldin A arrests the intracellular transport of a precursor of complement C3 before its conversion site in rat hepatocytes.
The effects of brefeldin A on intracellular transport and posttranslational modification of complement C3 (C3) were studied in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. In the control culture C3 was synthesized as a precursor (pro-C3), which was processed to the mature form with alpha- and beta-subunits before its discharge into the medium. In the presence of brefeldin A the secretion of C3 was strongly blocked, resulting in accumulation of pro-C3. However, after a prolonged interval the mature form of C3 was finally secreted. The results indicate that brefeldin A impedes translocation of pro-C3 to the Golgi complex where pro-C3 is converted to the mature form, but not its proteolytic processing, in contrast to the effects of monensin and weakly basic amines.