Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Nosaka

Publications and source records attributed to K Nosaka.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Effects of trimebutine maleate (TM-906) on the gastrointestinal motility in anesthetized dogs].

Effects of trimebutine maleate (TM-906) on the spontaneous motility of the gastrointestinal tracts were investigated in anesthetized dogs by means of force transducers. TM-906, administrated intravenously or intraduodenally, produced an inhibition followed by a potentiation of the spontaneous motility in the stomach, and caused a potentiation of the spontaneous motility in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. These effects of TM-906 were observed also in the vagotomized dogs as in the intact dogs. From these results, it is suggested that TM-906 modulates the spontaneous motility of the gastrointestinal tracts primarily through the peripheral mechanism.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1984

Separate determination of anticoccidial thiamine analogs by high-performance liquid chromatography.

The separate determination of anticoccidial thiamine analogs such as chloroethylthiamine and dimethialium, and thiamine was achieved by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography after conversion to the corresponding thiochromes by alkaline oxidation. Using this method, it was demonstrated that chloroethylthiamine is accumulated in nonproliferating cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the same transport mechanism as for thiamine and dimethialium.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed1983

Organic acids and branched-chain amino acids in body fluids before and after multiple exchange transfusions in maple syrup urine disease.

We successfully treated a critically ill infant with the classical type of maple syrup urine disease by multiple exchange transfusions via a peripheral artery and vein and with positive calorie supplementation in the early stage of therapy. Clinical improvement was definite after the plasma leucine level fell below 1 mmol/l. There was a close linear correlation between plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and their corresponding branched-chain alpha-keto acids and branched-chain alpha-hydroxy acids. alpha-Hydroxy acids were more easily excreted in the urine than alpha-keto acids and amino acids. Our studies on urinary organic acids supported the existence of minor metabolic pathways of branched-chain alpha-keto acids, although they were not thought to be important in eliminating accumulated alpha-keto acids. Urinary excretion of succinic acid and alpha-ketoglutaric acid, which are components of the citric acid cycle, increased transiently during the patient's convalescence. The cerebrospinal fluid/plasma ratios for branched-chain amino acids, alpha-keto acids, and alpha-hydroxy acids were very high before the transfusions and decreased after improvement. The cerebrospinal fluid/plasma ratios for 5-carbon acids, alpha-ketoisovaleric acid and alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid were much higher than for other branched-chain acids not only in the patient but also in normal controls. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid and alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid were as high as 1 mmol/l in our patient.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of trimebutine maleate on the gastrointestinal motility in conscious dogs].

Trimebutine maleate is known to have beneficial effect in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In conscious dogs with implanted force transducers, effects of trimebutine maleate on the gastrointestinal motility were investigated by intravenous injection, and the results were compared to those with metoclopramide and hyoscine-N-butylbromide. When trimebutine maleate was administered during the motor quiescence in the interdigestive state, contractions were evoked or the quiescent time was shortened in the gastrointestinal tract. In the digestive state, the gastric antral contractile activity was reduced, and duodenal activity was somehow suppressed by trimebutine maleate; but in the jejunum, ileum or colon, the activity was augmented. Injection of metoclopramide evoked a continuous contraction in the gastric antrum and duodenum during the period of motor quiescence in the interdigestive state. In the digestive state, metoclopramide caused a slight enhancement in the contractile activity of the gastric antrum. On the other hand, hyoscine-N-butyl-bromide produced no effect during the period of motor quiescence in the interdigestive state and suppressed the activity of the gastrointestinal tract during the digestive state. Thus, the pattern of action of trimebutine maleate was different from metoclopramide and hyoscine-N-butylbromide. It was concluded that trimebutine maleate produces dual actions, suppression and acceleration, on the gastrointestinal motility in conscious dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Alkalosis-induced coronary vasoconstriction: effects of calcium, diltiazem, nitroglycerin, and propranolol.

We examined the effects of changes in pH, Ca2+ concentration, diltiazem, nitroglycerin, and propranolol on the vascular tone of the isolated rabbit coronary artery. Stepwise increase in pH of the bath fluid caused pH-dependent increased vascular tone. Increase in Ca2+ concentration of the bath fluid also resulted in increased vascular tone, while removal of Ca2+ abolished the high pH-induced elevated vascular tone. Diltiazem and nitroglycerin suppressed the high pH-induced increased vascular tone. Propranolol in high concentrations exhibited a direct inhibitory effect on the high pH-induced increased vascular tone. We conclude that high pH induces coronary vasoconstriction principally by increasing transmembrane influx of Ca2+ and that diltiazem and nitroglycerin suppress this action.

Alkalosis↗
PubMed1976

[Production and absorption rate of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal subarachnoid space of the dog (author's transl)].

Adult mongrel dogs, weighing 10-17 kg. were anesthetized with Nembutal and cervical and lumbosacral laminectomy was performed. The spinal subarachnoid space was blocked by extradural ligation at the level of the C4 to interrupt CSF communication between the cranial and spinal space. Polyethylene catheters were placed in the cervical and lumbosacral subarachnoid space, and artificial Mock CSF buffer, pH 7.35-7.40, containing inulin of 25 mg/dl or 14C-inulin of 1.5-2 muCi/dl as a tracer was perfused in the sacro-cervical direction through the catheter. After a steady state of perfusion was acommplished, the CSF was collected from the outlet catheter. Production and absorption rate of the CSF were calculated after Pappenheimer and Heisey's equation. 1) Effects of CSF pressure on the rate of production (Vf) and absorption (Va) of CSF and on the difference between outflow fluid rate (Vo) and inflow fluid rate (Vi) were studied within the pressure range of -100 to +600 mmH2O. Then, regression lines were calculated by means of the least square method. See Article. Vf was little affected by changes in CSF pressure, while Va increased linearly as CSF pressure elevated. This suggests that the spinal subarachnoid space plays an important role as a site of CSF absorption when the intracranial pressure increases. Vo-Vi, that is difference between absorption and production rate, decreased linearly as the CSF pressure increased. 2) Under a constant CSF pressure of +200 mmH2O, the effects of glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, 0.25 mg/kg and hydrocortisone, 4.15 mg/kg) and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide, 10 mg/kg) upon the production and absorption rate of CSF were determined 1/2, 1, 2 and 3 hours after intravenous administration. a) Effect of dexamethasone: The rate of CSF production was reduced to 60.5 +/- 2.4% (p less than 0.001) of the control level. The absorption rate of CSF also decreased to 59.2 +/- 6.09% (p less than 0.001) of the control. b) Effect of hydrocortisone: The production rate of CSF decreased to 67.4 +/- 6.61% (p less than 0.001), and the absorption rate to 76.5 +/- 3.94% (p less than 0.001) of the control level. c) Effect of acetazolamide: The production and absorption rate also decreased to 57.2 +/- 5.61% (p less than 0.001) and to 56.9 +/- 7.02% (p less than 0.001), respectively. 3) Pentration of tritiated dexamethasone and tritiated hydrocortisone from plasma to CSF. The penetration of tritiated dexamethasone and tritiated hydrocortisone from plasma to CSF in the spinal and cranial subarachnoid space was observed after the intravenous administration. The CSF/Plasma ratio of dexamethasone was 30.9% at 15 minutes and gradually increased to 91.5% and 93.5%, respectively, in the cranial and spinal CSF at 3 hours after the injection.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Large epidermal cyst involving the ischiorectal fossa: MR demonstration.

A large subcutaneous mass was noted in the buttock of a 79-year-old man. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a thin-walled cystic mass that involved the ischiorectal fossa. The content appeared hyperintense on T1-weighted images. T2-weighted images demonstrated a considerable amount of debris. At surgery an epidermal cyst with markedly keratinized squamous epithelium was found. It contained much keratin and cholesterin.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circulating levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in rat models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

In order to investigate the pathogenic role of bone resorption by osteoclasts in altered bone metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), the circulating levels of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) were simultaneously determined with osteocalcin, in rat models of NIDDM, i.e., genetic Wistar fatty rats and neonatally streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (NSZ rats). In Wistar fatty rats exhibiting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, plasma TRACP was 40.0+/-0.4 U/l (mean+/-SE), significantly higher than that of 32.8+/-1.3 U/l in their lean littermates (p < 0.01). Bone length, bone strength, and weight of powdered bone in Wistar fatty rats were significantly decreased compared to control rats (p < 0.02-0.001). On the other hand, plasma TRACP in NSZ rats was 13.6+/-1.0 U/l, significantly lower than that of 31.4+/-1.2 U/l in their controls (p < 0.01). In addition, there were positive correlations between circulating TRACP and insulin levels in both NIDDM rat models (p < 0.05-0.01). Furthermore, plasma osteocalcin levels in these NIDDM models were significantly decreased than those of their corresponding controls (p < 0.001). Consequently, in Wistar fatty rats with hyperinsulinemia, it is suggested that the bone formation by osteoblasts was decreased, while the bone resorption by osteoclasts was increased. In contrast, in NSZ rats with hypoinsulinemia, both of bone formation and resorption were speculated to be decreased, indicating the decreased bone turnover. These results suggest that, although the deterioration in the osteoblastic function can be commonly observed in NIDDM animal models, the osteoclastic function is heterogeneous under NIDDM conditions.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI of soft-tissue lesions: opposed-phase T2*-weighted gradient-echo images.

We evaluated the ability of opposed-phase T2*-weighted gradient-echo (T2*GE) MRI to demarcate soft tissue lesions. The series contained 37 cases, including 18 benign tumors, 8 malignant tumors, and 11 miscellaneous nonneoplastic soft-tissue lesions. Images were obtained on a 0.5 T magnet with T2*GE imaging (TR/TE 300/22 ms, 20 degrees). Results were compared with those of T1-weighted SE images (500/20-40) and T2-weighted SE (T2SE) images (2,000/80). The T2*GE images were similar to T2SE images with respect to the signal behavior and internal architecture of the masses in many cases. In some instances, they were better than T2SE images in delineating the lesions and adjacent fat tissue, in delineating the lesions and adjacent small vessels, and in depicting special features such as hemosiderin deposits. They were inferior to T2SE images in delineating the lesions and adjacent muscles. Because of reduced lesion-muscle delineation, T2*GE images can not be substituted for T2SE images in the evaluation of soft-tissue lesions, but are useful as an adjunct in some cases.

Abscess↗