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K Noda

Publications and source records attributed to K Noda.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Polymorphic microsatellite repeat markers at the glucokinase gene locus are positively associated with NIDDM in Japanese.

To assess the possible role of glucokinase defects contributing to a genetic susceptibility to NIDDM in Japanese, allelic frequencies of two microsatellite repeat polymorphisms, one in the 3'-flanking region (GCK1) and the other in the 5'-flanking region (GCK2) of the human glucokinase gene, were analyzed in subjects with NIDDM and in nondiabetic control subjects. After typing 107 diabetic and 74 nondiabetic subjects, we found four GCK1 alleles (Z, Z2, Z4, Z6) and six GCK2 alleles (0, -4, -2, 2, 4, 8). The frequency distribution of GCK1 alleles was different between the two groups (P = 0.005), although not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. The Z4 allele was found more frequently in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects (23 vs. 10%, P = 0.002). This was still significant after correction for multiple comparisons (P < 0.05). The frequency distribution of GCK2 alleles was not different between the two groups. However, the -2 allele was more common in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.044), although not significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Clinical characteristics were compared between the diabetic subjects with Z4 and/or -2 allele and those without either of these two alleles. No differences were found in the age of diagnosis, positive family history, mode of therapy, current HbA1c, or daily urinary C-peptide immunoreactivity excretion between the two groups. We demonstrated a significant association between GCK1 and GCK2 alleles and NIDDM. The results indicate that the polymorphic alleles GCK1 and GCK2 could be genetic markers in NIDDM in Japanese, suggesting a relationship between glucokinase defects and the susceptibility to NIDDM in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Perinatal development of amine, alcohol and phenol sulfoconjugations in the rat.

Development of the sulfoconjugating activities for amine, alcoholic and phenolic compounds was studied in hepatic 105,000 g supernatants of fetal and newborn rats. All activities in the fetus at the late stage of pregnancy were negligible or very low when compared with those of the adult female level. Amine and alcohol sulfoconjugating activities were low 2 days after birth, increased with age, and attained the adult female level 17 days after birth. In contrast, phenol sulfoconjugating activity was nearly half the level of adult female rats in the neonates 2 days after birth and was relatively constant before maturation. There were no sex-related differences in any of the activities in the immature rats, but in adult animals the activities for amine and alcohol were higher in the females than in the males; the opposite was observed for phenol sulfoconjugation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

[Three-dimensional computed tomography for the evaluation of peripheral small lung cancers].

To facilitate the accurate diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancers (less than 30 mm in diameter), we evaluated the use of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Conventional CT images (10 mm thick), thin-slice CT images (2 mm thick) and 3-D-CT images were prospectively studied in 29 patients with peripheral lung cancer (23 adenocarcinoma, 3 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 large cell carcinoma, 1 adeno-squamous cell carcinoma, 1 small cell carcinoma) who underwent thoracotomy. Patients were 20 males and nine females with a median age of 65 (range 38-75) years. Conventional CT and thin-slice CT images were examined with an extended scale (window level: -600, window width: 1900) using high resolution images. 3D-CT images were made using TCT-900S (Toshiba, Tokyo) software. In resected cases, surgical specimens were sliced transversely to correlate with the CT images. Comparison of diagnoses based on CT findings and on pathological findings showed that 3D-CT was 96% accurate for detecting involved vessels, while conventional CT was 47% and thin-slice CT was 87% accurate. Thus 3D-CT was superior to conventional CT for detecting involved vessel (p < 0.01). 3D-CT images also showed specific features of the lesions, including the appearance of the margin and pleural indentations, as seen in thin-slice CT images. These results suggest that 3D-CT images may have an important role in diagnosing small peripheral lung cancers by demonstrating involved vessels and the morphology of the lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

The occurrence of mitochondrial variations including large mitochondria in osteoclasts following calcitonin treatment.

Calcitonin-treated osteoclasts with mitochondrial variations, including large mitochondria, and osteoclasts not treated with calcitonin (control osteoclasts) were examined using cytochrome c oxidase activity and morphological analysis of mitochondria. The calcitonin-treated osteoclasts were divided into two types. One was osteoclasts with only a clear zone, which contained many type 1 mitochondria with the reaction products of cytochrome c oxidase in both the inner membrane of the cristae and the outer compartment in the vascular side and a comparatively small number of type 1 mitochondria in the resorptive side. The other type was osteoclasts with a mature ruffled border, in which many type 1 mitochondria were observed in both sides. Most of the large mitochondria were type 1, and these were observed only in the vascular side of the osteoclasts with only a clear zone, and in both sides of the osteoclasts with a mature ruffled border. In statistical analysis, the cross-sectional area of mitochondria in the vascular side of calcitonin-treated osteoclasts was larger than that of those in the resorptive side, and the numerical percentage of type 1 mitochondria in the vascular side was greater than that in the resorptive side. In contrast, the cross-sectional area of mitochondria in the vascular side of control osteoclasts was smaller than that in the resorptive side, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the numerical percentage of type 1 mitochondria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Studies of prognostic factor and chemotherapeutic effect of epithelial ovarian cancer using Cox's proportional hazard model].

To make clear the prognostic factor and chemotherapeutic effect of epithelial ovarian cancer, a multiple-center study involving 22 hospitals in Japan was conducted using Cox's proportional hazard model. A total of 1,181 cases were reviewed. Clinical stage, histologic type, and residual tumor diameter were significant prognostic factors, but the degree of tissue differentiation was not. The effect of remission induction chemotherapy was assessed with or without CDDP, and a distinct prognostic difference was noted. Among the patients receiving CDDP + ADM + other chemotherapeutic agents (PA group), CDDP + other chemotherapeutic agents (PO group) and CDDP only (P group), the prognosis of the PO group was better than for the P group. The long-term prognosis improving effect of chemotherapy was assessed. Neither maintenance chemotherapy based on oral administration of pyrimidine fluoride nor immunotherapy had any long-term prognosis improving effect, while intermittent chemotherapy based on CDDP resulted in improved prognosis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

[Measurement of pain threshold and tolerance threshold using radiant heat stimulation.--Regional difference, sex difference, expression of sensation].

In 1940, Hardy had developed a method of radiant heat stimulation and succeeded to determine pain threshold quantitatively. An algometer NYT-55 was developed according to his principle by Nakahama and Yamamoto, which was a further developed version of Hardy's model. In the present study, pain threshold and tolerance threshold were measured quantitatively, using Initial Skin Temperature Controlled Repeated Thermal Stimulation System (STRTS) which was composed of NYT-55 (KUDO ELECTRIC Co.) and a microcomputer PC-9801 VM 21 (NEC Co.). The following results were obtained in healthy volunteer students (62 males and 61 females). The pain and tolerance threshold were changed at every measurement sites on the body surface. The sex differences were observed for both pain and tolerance threshold. In general, the male's threshold intensity was higher than that of female. The pain threshold of trained subjects who have experienced preparatory training about pain measurement were relatively stable, while the threshold of untrained subjects were unstable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Rhythmical involuntary movement at rest associated with olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA)].

The authors analyzed rhythmical involuntary movements at rest, which appeared as complications in 12 (sporadic 11, hereditary 1) out of a total of 139 cases (sporadic 99, hereditary 40) of olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy. These movements tended to be seen in patients with sporadic OPCA of longer illness duration and at more advanced stages. They were distributed over the face, neck and extremities. Palatal myoclonus was observed in only one case. The movements were exacerbated by maintenance of a fixed posture, motion and mental stress, and stopped during sleep. In some cases, clonazepam, trihexyphenidyl or 1-Dopa was effective. In the surface electromyogram, rhythmical grouped discharges of 2-4 Hz were recorded only on agonist muscles or on both agonist and antagonist muscles synchronously, which is characteristic of skeletal myoclonus. However, pathological study of 3 cases with involuntary movements revealed marked putaminal degenerations as compared with 3 uncomplicated cases. This suggests that these rhythmical movements might be related to parkinsonian tremor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Angiotensin II forming activity of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells.

To clarify the role of vascular endothelial cells (VEC) and smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the generation of angiotensin (Ang) II, we measured the Ang II forming activity of these cells in culture using synthetic Ang I and tridecapeptide renin substrate (13RS). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was demonstrated in both types of cells, and the Ang I converting activity was highly sensitive to an ACE inhibitor. Both VEC and VSMC were able to generate Ang II from 13RS independently of ACE and renin. The activity was partially inhibited by chymostatin. It is suggested that Ang I could be converted to Ang II not only by VEC but also by VSMC. Both VEC and VSMC possess alternate Ang II forming pathways independent of ACE and renin.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical features of resected patients with lung cancers revealed by computed tomography].

Seven cases of peripheral lung cancers revealed only by computed tomography (CT) were examined in order to study the clinical features and the roentgeno-pathological correlation. There were four male and three female cases with a median age of 68 (range 32-79) years. Conventional X-ray films were negative, but the primary tumors were found by CT. The reasons why the primary tumors were overlooked on conventional X-ray films were that two cases had lesions situated in the para-mediastinal area and five cases had vague lesions. CT findings were classified into two groups; infiltrative type with obscure margin and solid type with clear margin. Histologically, the former were revealed to be well differentiated adenocarcinoma and the latter included poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Pathological evaluation showed stage I in six of the seven cases. Our study cannot prove whether CT screening will prevent any number of participants from deaths due to lung cancer. However, it is suggested that CT may be superior for early detection of lung cancer as opposed to conventional X-ray. In the future, a more applicable CT system will be required for early detection of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Fine-scale deletion mapping of the distal long arm of chromosome 6 in 70 human ovarian cancers.

To define a small region on chromosome 6q containing a putative tumor suppressor gene for ovarian cancer, we examined loss of heterozygosity in 70 ovarian tumors of three histological types with nine restriction fragment length polymorphism markers located at 6q24-27. Among 33 cancers of serous type that were informative at one or more loci, 17 showed allelic loss at a few or all loci examined, whereas only 1 of 15 mucinous-type tumors and 2 of 12 clear-cell tumors revealed loss of heterozygosity. This result supported our earlier suggestion that alteration of a gene on chromosome 6q may play an important role during development of serous ovarian tumors (Sato et al., Cancer Res., 51: 5118-5122, 1991). Frequent losses were observed between loci defined by CI6-119 (D6S195) at 6q26 and CI6-49 (D6S161) at 6q27. A detailed deletion map indicated a commonly deleted region between loci defined by CI6-111 (D6S193) and CI6-24 (D6S149); these two markers are estimated to be 1.9 cM apart on the basis of linkage analysis. Our results further define a region containing a tumor suppressor gene involved in ovarian carcinoma within an approximately 2-megabase-long segment of chromosome 6q.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1992

Remodeling of large bone defects in the treatment of space-occupying lesions. Curettage without bone graft for treating benign bone tumors.

Curettage without bone graft was performed in 17 patients with benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. New bone formation with uniformly increased radiodensity appeared in serial plain radiographs within 3 months after the operation. The average period before full weight could be borne on the lower extremities was 14 weeks. Computed tomography revealed that the central part of the bone lesions persisted without bone formation. The thickening of cortical bone was predominant. These data indicate that enough mechanical strength for daily activity will be recovered by bone within 4 months after curettage without any filler, although remodeling continues for over a year. It is suggested that bone graft and implantation of "biomaterials" are not necessary in patients, especially younger ones, with benign bone tumors or tumorous conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Peritoneal cytology in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma.

We studied the relationship between cytological diagnosis of peritoneal washing and pathohistological findings in 97 cases of stage Ib and 103 cases of stage IIa or b cervical carcinoma. No positive cytology was found in 24 cases classified as pT1 by pTNM classification. Positive cytology was found in 8 out of 40 cases with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, 2 out of 5 cases with uterine corpus infiltration, and 3 out of 4 cases with ovarian metastasis. Negative cytology was often found even in cases with metastasis to several retroperitoneal lymph nodes, while positive cytology was also found in cases without metastasis. The mechanism of cervical carcinoma metastasizing to retroperitoneal lymph nodes may not be the same as that of spreading into the abdominal cavity. Many cases with positive peritoneal cytology tended to recur with peritoneal carcinoma as compared to those with negative cytology. The above findings indicate that chemotherapy, including intraperitoneal administration, is necessary in addition to radiation therapy for patients with cervical carcinoma with positive peritoneal washings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Twin umbilical cord blood gas values.

In vaginally delivered births (including a few cases where the mothers were under epidural anesthesia), differences between first and second born twins were compared according to presentation at delivery. Of twins with vertex/vertex presentation in 15 primipara cases and in 14 multipara cases, pO2 levels for the second born were significantly lower (both being p < 0.05) than for the first born. Of twins vertex/non-vertex presentation, the second born in 9 primipara cases showed significantly lower pH, pO2 and HCO3 levels (p < 0.05). Also for multipara twins, the second born had significantly lower pH (p < 0.05) and significantly higher pCO2 (p < 0.05) values. Umbilical cord blood gas value findings indicate unfavourable conditions for second born twins.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1992

Perinatal management of twin pregnancy.

Of 104 cases, 38 (ie, 36.53%) experienced premature delivery (controls: 4.32%). In instances of threatened premature delivery, 28 cases (26.92%) underwent ligation of the cervix. EPH gestosis occurred in 62 cases--a high incidence rate of 59.61% (controls: 12.9%). Forty-nine cases (47.11%) were complicated by anemia (controls: 8.36%). There were 57 cases of SFD infants, again a high 27.40% incidence rate (controls: 5.94%). Apgar scores of 7 or less at 1 minute after birth indicated that of the 208 neonates, the second-born twin only in 20 cases (9.61%); both infants in 14 cases (6.73%); and, the first-born only in 3 cases (1.44%), developed asphyxia neonatorum. Given the high incidence of premature and immature infants in cases of twins, caution should be employed against threatened premature delivery from around the 28th week of gestation onwards. Ligation of the cervix with ritodrine administration should be performed following admission to hospital, and EPH gestosis, anemia and IUGR should be carefully monitored.

Anemia↗
PubMed1992

Metabolism and disposition of erythritol after oral administration to rats.

The metabolism and disposition of erythritol was studied using [14C]erythritol in rats. When [14C]erythritol was administered orally at a dose of 0.1 g/kg body wt to male rats, only 6% of the total radioactivity was excreted as expired 14CO2 and 88% was excreted in the urine within 24 h. The excreted metabolite in the urine consisted of a single component identified as intact [14C]erythritol. The excretion of 14CO2 and the incorporation ratios of radioactivity into tissues increased with the oral dosage. After rats were given an intravenous injection of [14C]erythritol, approximately 1% was excreted as 14CO2 and greater than 94% was excreted in the urine as intact [14C]erythritol. The excretion of 14CO2 within 24 h was increased to approximately 10% when [14C]erythritol was administered to rats that had been adapted to erythritol by feeding a diet containing 10% erythritol for 2 wk. When [14C]erythritol was incubated in vitro with the cecal contents from rats adapted to erythritol, greater than 20% was fermented to 14CO2 and 60% to short-chain fatty acids in 6 h. These results indicate that most orally administered erythritol was excreted in the urine without any degradation and that the remainder was transferred to the lower intestine and fermented by microbes.

Administration, Oral↗