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Biomedical subjects

K Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to K Nishimura.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Role of combined pulmonary resection during descending thoracic aortic aneurysmectomy].

Between April, 1982 and December 1990, five of 98 patients who underwent aneurysm repair for the thoracic aorta received combined resection of the descending thoracic aortic aneurysm and the lung because of marked adhesion between the aneurysm and the lung. Partial resection of the upper lobe of the lung was performed in all of five patients with auto-suture device. Three of the five patients needed no homologous blood transfusion during the surgery. Neither operative death nor pulmonary complication related to lung injury and bleeding was noticed. Our results indicate that partial resection of the lung is beneficial for avoiding intra-operative rupture of the aneurysm as well as lung injury in patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm severely adherent to the lung.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Blood and brain tissue gaseous strategy for profoundly hypothermic total circulatory arrest.

Brain tissue carbon dioxide tension, pH, and oxygen tension were measured in dogs undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest below 20 degrees C with three types of blood gas manipulation. During core cooling, dogs were given pure oxygen (group I, n = 8), 5% carbon dioxide in oxygen (group II, n = 10), or 7% carbon dioxide in oxygen (group III, n = 4). During core cooling, brain tissue carbon dioxide tension decreased significantly in group I. During circulatory arrest, carbon dioxide tension rose by 21.5 mm Hg in group I, 35.3 mm Hg in group II, and 57.0 mm Hg in group III, nearly doubling in each group. From the last 5 minutes of core cooling to the end of rewarming, carbon dioxide tension was significantly higher in groups II and III than in group I. Brain tissue pH fell by 0.33 to 0.35 during 60 minutes of circulatory arrest and did not recover in groups II and III. Brain tissue oxygen tension decreased significantly during the latter two thirds of the circulatory arrest period in all three groups. To reduce progressive tissue hypercapnia and acidosis during and after circulatory arrest, a more hyperventilatory manipulation of blood gases than that achieved by alpha-stat strategy was thought beneficial for core-cooling perfusion.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of modern therapy for neuroblastoma].

The clinical results were evaluated periodically in 50 cases of neuroblastoma, 4 survived cases out of 15 from 1965 to 1971, 6 survived of 16 (38%) from 1972 to 1982 and 11 survived of 19 (58%) after 1983. In the early period, before 1971, our systemic wide resection was not performed. From 1972, we operated on by our wide resection's technique which based on to preserve main vessels from tumor and lymph nodes. To separate the vessels from the lymph nodes was begun from both iliaca vessels to caeliac vessels. The systemic wide resection might contribute to improve survival rate from 1972 to 1982, however, all of 7 cases in stage IV did not survive. The best result after 1983, 58% survival rate, depends on new intensive chemotherapy accompanying with autologous bone marrow transplantation. All of 3 cases in stage III and 5 of 11 cases in stage IVA survived and better survival rates. Five alive cases in stage IVA received delayed wide resection after 3 or 4 cycles of new regimen A1, and then underwent bone marrow transplantation preconditioned by Melphalan .

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

[A clinical study in postoperative bile excretion of cefuzonam].

We investigated the postoperative bile excretion and serum concentration of cefuzonam (CZON) in 6 cholecystectomized patients with postsurgical biliary drainage. CZON was administered intravenously by infusion at a dose of 1.0 g immediately following the operation. Serum and bile concentrations of CZON were determined on the day of the operation and the second day after the operation. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum concentrations of CZON were at their highest levels at 30 minutes after administration of CZON. Levels were 45.8 +/- 13.8 micrograms/ml on the day of the operation and 60.9 +/- 12.2 micrograms/ml on the second postsurgical day. 2. Bile concentration peaked 1 hour after administration (4,083 +/- 1,427 micrograms/ml on the day of the operation and 4,376 +/- 630 micrograms/ml on the second postsurgical day). In particular, bile concentrations of CZON at 6 hours (259 +/- 140 micrograms/ml and 154 +/- 23 micrograms/ml) exceeded MIC80 of CZON against Gram-negative bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3. Serum and bile concentrations were higher on the second postsurgical day than on the day of the operation, but the differences between these 2 days were not significant. These results have indicated that CZON is a useful drug with excellent bile excretion following cholecystectomy, and that bile concentrations of CZON are maintained at high levels for 6 hours after intravenous administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Transcatheter embolization of huge renal arteriovenous aneurysm: a case report--review of 270 cases of renal arteriovenous fistula reported in Japan].

We report a case of huge renal arteriovenous aneurysm, which was successfully treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). A 72-year-old woman was admitted with the clinical symptom of dyspnea on effort. She felt a tremor in the left abdomen. Computerized tomographic scan showed a large enhanced mass (8x7x7 cm) on the left kidney. Selective renal arteriography revealed a renal arteriovenous aneurysm. Transcatheter arterial embolization with a steel coil was performed with minimal loss of renal parenchyma. A total of 270 cases of arteriovenous fistula have been reported in Japan and were statistically analyzed. The number of reports on TAE has dramatically increased since 1978, TAE can be first indicated for treatment of renal arteriovenous fistula in view of less invasiveness and preservation of renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Exophiala jeanselmei and Exophiala dermatitidis.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis with Hae III, Hind III and Msp I was performed in 45 Exophiala jeanselmei strains (30 Phialophora jeanselmei and 154 Phialophora gougerotii strains) and 31 Exophiala dermatitidis strains. The results were as follows, 1) P. jeanselmei and P. gougerotii are identical, 2) E. jeanselmei is classified into 18 types based on restriction profiles, 3) two strains of E. jeanselmei CBS 577.76 and CBS 578.76 are identified as E. dermatitidis, 4) E. dermatitidis has no intraspecific variation and is definitely distinct from E. jeanselmei, 5) E. jeanselmei is suggested to be a complex organism because of extensive mtDNA polymorphism.

DNA, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve detected by fetal echocardiography.

The tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with an absent pulmonary valve is a rare congenital cardiac malformation. We recorded the fetal echocardiographic findings for a fetus with the TOF with absent pulmonary valve and review the literature on this condition. The infant died 5 days after birth and the autopsy showed no infundibular stenosis. The degree of infundibular stenosis may be correlated with the prognosis of infants with this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Diagnostic imaging of diseases affecting the mandible with the use of computed panoramic radiography.

Computed panoramic radiography was performed on patients with bone cyst, osteomyelitis, gingival cancer, and fibrous dysplasia, respectively, to determine the best imaging procedure for disease processes affecting the mandible. Gradational enhancement images for detection of density changes and frequency enhancement images for detecting changes in the margin and texture were effective in aiding the diagnosis of diseases of the mandible with the use of computed panoramic radiography.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1990

A novel oral adjuvant for hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines.

A plasma-derived HBV vaccine was administered to 86 healthy men ranging in age from 40-56 years. A relatively high rate of nonresponders was found among the men who received the HBV vaccine alone. There was a significantly higher HBs antibody response rate among the vaccinees who received an oral adjuvant (taurine) compared to those not receiving the adjuvant. In the vaccinees who received the oral adjuvant, an in vitro polyclonal antibody response to taurine was detected in 17 (58.6%) of the 29 HBs responders, but in none of the HBs nonresponders. The development of oral adjuvants other than aluminum may be a valuable approach to the study of HBV vaccination.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMed1990

Purification of hexabrachion (tenascin) from cell culture conditioned medium, and separation from a cell adhesion factor.

We describe a protocol for purifying hexabrachion from conditioned medium of cell cultures, using gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl 500, followed by anion-exchange chromatography on a Mono Q column, followed optionally by a second gel filtration or zone sedimentation on glycerol gradients. The protocol has several advantages over previous procedures based on affinity chromatography on monoclonal antibodies. Perhaps foremost, the protein is never exposed to the denaturing solvents that are required for elution from the antibody column. The Mono Q column also separated hexabrachion from a prominent cell adhesion activity that eluted with the hexabrachion on the first gel filtration, and co-sedimented with hexabrachions on glycerol gradients. The cell adhesion fractions showed several bands between 190 and 400 kDa. A single band at 220 kDa stained prominently with a polyclonal antibody against mouse EHS laminin, and a band at 190 kDa stained with a monoclonal antibody against s-laminin. The purification protocol gave hexabrachion at high concentration and with no detectable contamination by fibronectin or laminin. The highest yield of hexabrachion (1-4 mg from 400 ml of conditioned medium) was from human glioblastoma cell cultures, but the same procedure allowed us to purify and characterize the rat hexabrachion. Protein purified from primary cultures of rat embryo fibroblasts showed approximately equal amounts of three subunit sizes: 280, 230, and 220 kDa. These different subunits, presumably derived from alternative RNA splicing, appeared to be segregated into large and small hexabrachions, which could be separated on glycerol gradients.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1990

The role of microfilaments and microtubules in apical growth and dimorphism of Candida albicans.

Cytoskeleton inhibitors were used to study morphogenesis in the pathogenic and dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. Nocodazole is a specific microtubule inhibitor and chloropropham (CIPC), at high concentrations, is an inhibitor of microtubules and microfilaments. Distribution of microtubules and microfilaments was studied by immunofluorescence techniques using anti-tubulin antibody with FITC-conjugated secondary antibody, and by staining with Rh-phalloidin. Nocodazole did not arrest apical cell elongation at a concentration (20 micrograms ml-1) that inhibited nuclear division and migration. Cytoplasmic and nuclear microtubules disappeared within 30 min in filamentous cells under these conditions. However, the Rh-phalloidin-stained actin granules which were localized in the tips of filamentous cells, and the microfilaments, were arranged normally at this concentration of nocodazole. Growth, and normal distribution of microtubules and microfilaments, were inhibited by a high concentration (200 micrograms ml-1) of CIPC. At a concentration (100 micrograms ml-1) of CIPC that permitted nuclear division, apical cell elongation was arrested, and filamentous growth was converted into yeast growth. At this concentration of CIPC, microtubules were distributed normally in filamentous cells. Long microfilaments were not observed, and actin granules did not localize in the tips of filamentous cells, but were distributed throughout the cytoplasmic cortex. Our results show that cytoplasmic microtubules are not essential for the elongation of filamentous cell tips but that microfilaments are apparently essential for this process.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1990

Gallbladder carcinoma: evaluation with MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 19 patients with histologically proved gallbladder carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed to determine the appearance of the primary tumor, and to assess the ability of MR imaging to demonstrate the various modes of tumor spread beyond the gallbladder. The primary tumor, as well as tumor spread beyond the gallbladder, was hyperintense on T2-weighted images and hypointense on T1-weighted images when compared with the liver parenchyma. Liver invasion and metastasis could be depicted by MR imaging with both sequences, unless the tumors were small or the extent of invasion was minimal. Duodenal invasion was difficult to evaluate because of motion artifacts, paucity of fat, and partial volume effects. T1-weighted images readily demonstrated extension of the tumor to the hepatoduodenal ligament and para-aortic region with good contrast between tumor and surrounding tissue. The extent of tumor extension to the blood vessels was also easily evaluated because of flow void in the vasculature. MR imaging can help determine the extent of gallbladder carcinoma and can contribute to the staging of this disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Atrial pacing stimulates secretion of atrial natriuretic polypeptide without elevation of atrial pressure in awake dogs with experimental complete atrioventricular block.

To clarify whether or not tachycardia stimulates the secretion of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) without elevation of atrial pressure, we examined the effects of atrial pacing on ANP secretion in awake dogs with normal sinus rhythm and with complete atrioventricular block (CAVB), which was produced surgically by heat cauterization of His' bundle. In four dogs with normal sinus rhythm, atrial pacing increased the atrial rate from 146 +/- 20 to 260 +/- 10 beats/min, with marked elevation of right atrial pressure (from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 3.9 +/- 0.8 mm Hg) and left atrial pressure (from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 8.6 +/- 2.8 mm Hg). Along with the hemodynamic changes, the ANP level in plasma obtained from the coronary sinus was increased from 405 +/- 99 to 849 +/- 199 pg/ml (p less than 0.01). In five dogs with CAVB, the ANP level was also significantly increased from 730 +/- 82 to 1,137 +/- 35 pg/ml (p less than 0.01) by rapid atrial pacing (from 164 +/- 20 to 317 +/- 30 beats/min) in spite of the lack of any appreciable changes in either left or right atrial pressure. Furthermore, in the CAVB group, while the ventricular rate was increased by ventricular pacing from 52 +/- 5 to 146 +/- 16 beats/min, atrial pacing was performed simultaneously without atrioventricular (A-V) sequential form. Even under this condition, the ANP level was increased from 480 +/- 172 to 626 +/- 223 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) without any substantial changes in atrial pressure. Such effects of rapid atrial pacing on ANP secretion were suppressed after infusion of autonomic blocking agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: synthesis and biological activity of N-substituted tripeptide inhibitors.

A new series of highly potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, 1-(N2-substituted L-lysyl-gamma-D-glutamyl)octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acids, was synthesized; various acyl groups were introduced at the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal P1 Lys. The effect of the N2-acyl groups on in vitro inhibitory activity and oral antihypertensive effect was examined. All of the synthesized N-acyl tripeptides were found to have in vitro inhibitory activity at an approximately nanomolar level, and showed antihypertensive potency in renal hypertensive rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg, when administered orally. Among them, compounds 7e, g and 9f, i, m showed potent and long-lasting antihypertensive effects compared with enalapril (2a). Their structure-activity relationships are also discussed.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1990

[An epidemiological study of lung cancer among workers exposed to bis(chloromethyl)ether].

An epidemiological study of lung cancer was carried out in two dyestuff factories (Factory K and U), where bis (chloromethyl) ether, BCME, was manufactured and used in the initial process of dyestuff production in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. BCME was used from 1955 to 1970 in Factory K, and from 1960 to 1968 in Factory U. Subjects were 35 men who had been exposed to BCME in each factory. In this study 13 lung cancer cases were found (including 5 cases reported by Sakabe (Ind Health 1973]. The main results obtained were as follows: 1) The exposure period of 13 lung cancer cases to BCME was 86.9 +/- 34.9 months (mean +/- SD) and the latent period was 13.5 +/- 6.6 yr. The age at death was 46.1 +/- 9.5 yr and 7 cases died between the age of 40 and 49. 2) The initial symptoms of lung cancer due to BCME were not different from those of non-occupational lung cancer. The identified histological types of eight cancer cases were small cell carcinoma in 5 cases, adenocarcinoma in 3 cases and large cell carcinoma in the remaining case. 3) Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 23.5 at Factory K and 17.9 at Factory U. An excess death due to lung cancer among workers exposed to BCME was observed. 4) The shortest exposure period of the 13 lung cancer cases was only 23 months and therefore workers who had been exposed to BCME for under 3 yr must be examined for lung cancer periodically.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Microvascular architecture of the enamel organ of the upper major incisor in the rabbit.

The ultrastructure of the ameloblasts in the rabbit major incisor was investigated previously by Okada (1983) and the amelogenetic process was classified into six zones/stages. The present paper deals with changes in the microvascular architecture and ultrastructure of the blood capillaries in proportion to the amelogenetic process in the upper major incisor of the rabbit utilizing the acryl plastic injection method. Three different vascular layers were observed in the periodontal spaces of the major incisor of the rabbit. The inner vascular network consisted of a capillary network supplying the enamel organ and its meshes have vigorously changed during the amelogenesis. The capillary network was observed to be in the shape of a ladder with a continuous wall in the proliferation zone, to appear as round meshes with a fenestrated wall in the differentiation zone, as polygonal meshes with abundant fenestrations in the secretion zone, as ovoid meshes with fenestrations in the early maturation zone, and finally as coarse and avoid meshes with a continuous wall again in the late maturation and regression zones. In the intermediate layer, arterioles and venules were located close to the capillary network, and the arterioles were derived from the short and long branches of the anterior superior alveolar artery. In the outer layer, a sinusoid network was observed to be in contact with the alveolar wall and received blood from the capillary network as well as venous vessels in the alveolar bone. The ladder-shaped capillary network mentioned above was thought to represent an intermediate form towards the succeeding zone, in which the round meshes may be suitable for supplying the nutrient elements that are needed in the differentiation of the inner enamel epithelial cells. The polygonal and ovoid meshes may be favorable for the transport of various necessary metabolic materials that are involved in the enamel ground substance formation and calcium deposition within a very short period.

Acrylates↗