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Biomedical subjects

K Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to K Nishimura.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[A case of thyroid medullary carcinoma-like tumor of the lung with amyloid stroma].

A 58-year-old man with history of productive cough and mild exertional dyspnea for several years was admitted to our hospital because of abnormal shadow on chest radiograph. Bronchofiberscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor almost completely obstructing the right main bronchus. Bronchoscopic biopsy specimens showed amyloid-like deposits in the connective tissue surrounded by epithelium-like tumor cells with squamous metaplasia, but no diagnostic findings. Malignant tumor was suspected and right upper lobectomy was performed. The surgical specimen revealed nests of tumor cells surrounded by amorphous eosinophilic substance, which was confirmed to include amyloid fibrils by electron microscopy. A few tumor cells contained argyrophil granules by Grimelius staining, and some showed PAP staining for calcitonin. There was no evidence of involvement of other organs including the thyroid gland during the four year postoperative follow-up period. This case was diagnosed as thyroid medullary carcinoma-like tumor of the lung, which is a bronchopulmonary carcinoid-related tumor.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[A case of shock following intravesical formalin instillation].

A case of shock following intravesical formalin instillation for massive bladder hemorrhage owing to post-radiation cystitis is reported. A 79-year-old woman had been treated with external irradiation for cancer of the uterine body in 1981. She was suffering from massive hematuria after hysterectomy in 1988. No hemostatic procedures were effective. Then we instilled 10% formalin into her bladder. After the instillation she entered a state of allergic shock.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical study on incidental renal cell carcinoma].

Of 93 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated at our hospital between January 1974 and December 1990, thirty-two cases with incidentally detected cancer were evaluated clinically and pathologically. The average age of the patients was 61 years old ranging from 39 to 84 years. There were 25 men and 7 women with a sex ratio of 3.6:1. Fourteen tumors had developed in the right kidney and 17 in the left kidney. One patient had bilateral tumors synchronously and was treated by radical nephrectomy with contralateral enucleation of the tumor. The proportion of incidental renal carcinoma has been increasing steadily; 87.5% of the cases was found by either abdominal ultrasonography or CT scan. Nineteen patients (59.4%) had a tumor smaller than 5 cm in diameter. There were 29 cases with G1 or G2 renal cancer and twenty with pT2. The five-year survival rate in the incidental cases was 52.2% with significantly better survival than in cases when metastasis was initially suspected, but there was no significant difference in survival between the incidentally found cases and the cases of symptomatic renal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Left ventricular volume determination by first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography using a semi-geometric count-based method].

A new radionuclide technique for the calculation of left ventricular (LV) volume by the first-pass (FP) method was developed and examined. Using a semi-geometric count-based method, the LV volume can be measured by the following equation: CV = CM/(L/d). V = (CT/CV) x d3 = (CT/CM) x L x d2. (V = LV volume, CV = voxel count, CM = the maximum LV count, CT = the total LV count, L = LV depth where the maximum count was obtained, and d = pixel size.) This theorem was applied to FP LV images obtained in the 30-degree right anterior oblique position. Frame-mode acquisition was performed and the LV end-diastolic maximum count and total count were obtained. The maximum LV depth was obtained as the maximum width of the LV on the FP end-diastolic image, using the assumption that the LV cross-section is circular. These values were substituted in the above equation and the LV end-diastolic volume (FP-EDV) was calculated. A routine equilibrium (EQ) study was done, and the end-diastolic maximum count and total count were obtained. The LV maximum depth was measured on the FP end-diastolic frame, as the maximum length of the LV image. Using these values, the EQ-EDV was calculated and the FP-EDV was compared to the EQ-EDV. The correlation coefficient for these two values was r = 0.96 (n = 23, p less than 0.001), and the standard error of the estimated volume was 10 ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiac Volume↗
PubMed1992

[A case of pulmonary metastasis of ovarian leiomyosarcoma responsive to CTP therapy].

One case of pulmonary metastasis of leiomyosarcoma responsive to CTP therapy was reported. The patient was a 44-year-old woman who had undergone total simple hysterectomy for uterine myoma 6 years before. Five years after the operation she underwent ovariectomy for ovarian tumor. Based on the histopathological findings, she was diagnosed to have leiomyosarcoma. One year later the patient was referred to use because of pulmonary metastasis. After admission to our hospital CTP therapy was started. Disappearance of the metastatic lesion was demonstrated by the chest X-ray findings at the end of five courses of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Imaging of the thyroid and parathyroid.

The radiologic armamentarium for imaging of thyroid and parathyroid diseases includes scintigraphy, ultrasonography, CT, and MR imaging. Continued refinements of these diagnostic tools have been made during the past year. This paper reviews those recent advancements in the fields of parathyroid and thyroid imaging.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed1991

Photosensitivity of a protoporphyrin-accumulating, light-sensitive mutant (visA) of Escherichia coli K-12.

Mutations in the visA gene of Escherichia coli cause the mutant bacteria to die upon illumination with visible light. We confirmed genetically that the visA gene is a structural gene for ferrochelatase (protoheme ferro-lyase, EC 4.99.1.1). Since other mutations in the genes involved in the biosynthesis of heme can cure the photosensitivity, the light-induced cell death appears to be brought about by the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX, one of the substrates of ferrochelatase. When cells are illuminated with visible light, protoporphyrin IX seems to produce an active species of oxygen (probably 1O2) that is harmful to the cells. This defect is the same as that associated with the human disease protoporphyria.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1991

Sphingolipids of a cestode Metroliasthes coturnix.

Sphingolipids of Metroliasthes coturnix were studied. The cestode contained no detectable amounts of sphingomyelin. The major glycosphingolipids found were monogalactosylceramide, galactosyl-alpha-1-4-galactosylceramide, galactosyl-beta-1-6-galactosyl-beta-1-6-galactosylceramide and galactosyl-beta-1-6-galactosyl-beta-1-6-galactosyl-beta-1-6-galactosylce ramide. Their ceramides were mostly composed of C18-20 sphinganine or 4-D-hydroxysphinganine, which is N-acylated by extraordinarily long normal and 2-hydroxy acids such as C26 acid (range C16 to C30) except tetragalactosylceramide. The structure of glycosphingolipids was confirmed after their chromatographic separation into each molecular species using a novel analytical device, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry linked with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Acylation↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and characterization of visible light-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli K12.

Six mutants of Escherichia coli K12 that are sensitive to visible light have been isolated. Five of them, including an amber mutant, are defective in a gene that maps near 11 minutes on the linkage map of the chromosome, and this gene has been designated visA. The sixth mutant, which was isolated from bacteria that carried the visA+/visA+ diploid allele, is defective in a gene that maps near 63 minutes on the linkage map, which has been designated visB. These mutant strains of bacteria are killed by illumination with visible light. The effective wavelength of the light is around 460 nm. The nucleotide sequence of the visA gene was determined. As a result of a search for homologous products, we found that visA may be identical to hemH, the structural gene for ferrochelatase which catalyzes a final step in the biosynthesis of heme. A possible mechanism for the killing of the visA mutant bacteria is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Effect of substitution of a lysyl residue that binds pyridoxal phosphate in thermostable D-amino acid aminotransferase by arginine and alanine.

Lys-145 of the thermostable D-amino acid aminotransferase, which binds pyridoxal phosphate, was replaced by Ala or Arg by site-directed mutagenesis. Both mutant enzymes were purified to homogeneity; their absorption spectra indicated that both mutant enzymes contained pyridoxal phosphate bound non-covalently. Even though the standard assay method did not indicate any activity with either mutant, addition of an amino donor, D-alanine, to the Arg-145 mutant enzyme led to a slow decrease in absorption at 392 nm with a concomitant increase in absorption at 333 nm. This result suggests that the enzyme was converted into the pyridoxamine phosphate form. The amount of pyruvate formed was almost equivalent to that of the reactive pyridoxal phosphate in the mutant enzyme. Thus, the Arg-145 mutant enzyme is able to catalyze slowly the half-reaction of transamination. Exogenous amines, such as methylamine, had no effect on the half-reaction with the Arg-145 mutant enzyme. In contrast, the Ala-145 mutant enzyme neither underwent the spectral change by addition of D-alanine nor catalyzed pyruvate formation, in the absence of added amine. However, the Ala-145 mutant enzyme catalyzed the half-reaction significantly in the presence of added amine. These findings suggest that a basic amino acid residue, such as lysine or arginine, is required at position 145 for catalysis of the half-reaction. The role of the exogenous amines differs with various active-site mutant enzymes.

Alanine↗
PubMed1991

Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: usefulness of ultrasonography compared with computed tomography and AFP assay.

Follow-up studies using monitoring with alpha1-feto protein (AFP), ultrasonography (US), and computed tomography (CT) were carried out in 75 patients who had prior partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recurrence in the remaining liver was confirmed in 31 patients (41.3%) during the 4 month to 3 years 7 month period. Ultrasonography detected recurrence in 29 cases (sensitivity: 93.5%), CT in 26 (83.9%), and AFP assay in 12 (38.7%). In 4 patients, ultrasonography detected four recurrent nodules that CT missed. In 1 patient, two subphrenic nodules were detected with CT but not with ultrasonography. The specificity of US, CT, and AFP assay was 90.9%, 95.5%, and 93.2% respectively. Frequent follow-up study with ultrasonography in combination with CT and AFP assay should be recommended for the early detection of recurrent HCC. Ultrasonography is mandatory for the follow-up of patients with a prior hepatectomy for HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Virulence and pathogenicity of human and environmental isolates of Cladosporium carrionii in new born ddY mice.

Three strains of Cladosporium carrionii, two human isolates and one from a xerophilous plant, were used to study the effect of culture conditions in 106 newborn ddY mice. Growth in a complex medium (YPG) and a basal synthetic medium (BSM) was compared. Filamentous forms developed during static incubation while conidia were readily formed with shaking. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally were sacrificed and autopsied after 4 weeks. Mortality was related only to sporulated exponential phase growing cells. Invasiveness ability was preserved in all experimental conditions. BSM medium that inhibited exopigment formation appeared more suitable than YPG to obtain intact cells for further studies. Biochemical and physiological alteration associated with shape changes during differentiation of vegetative cells into spores could play an important role in virulence of C. carrionii.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Studies on the relationship between the pathogenicity of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mice and its growth rate under different oxygen atmospheres.

We performed comparative studies of the pathogenicity of six strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Bt-9, Bt-4, Pb-9, Pb-18, Bt-7 and B-1183) for young adult male ddY mice and the growth rate of each strain under different oxygen atmospheres (aerobic, micro-aerobic and anaerobic atmospheres) at 37 degrees C. 10(6) units of yeast cells were intravenously injected into each mouse. The pathogenicity of each isolate was determined by a scoring system based on organ culture and histopathological findings. The growth rates under different oxygen atmospheres were determined by a scoring system in which 300 fungal units per strain were counted. The strain Bt-9 showed the greatest pathogenicity, followed by Bt-4, Pb-9 and Pb-18 had on intermediate rank of pathogenicity. Bt-7 and B-1183 were the least pathogenic of the strains tested. Except for strain Bt-7 all strains showed an excellent growth under an aerobic atmosphere. Bt-4 and Bt-9 also showed excellent growth under a micro-aerobic atmosphere, followed by Pb-9, whereas the growth of Pb-18, Bt-7 and B-1183 was limited. There was a correlation between the growth rate under a micro-aerobic atmosphere and the pathogenicity of a strain. The growth rate of P. brasiliensis under a micro-aerobic atmosphere strongly correlated to its pathogenicity.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1991

Studies on the relationship between paracoccidioidomycosis in ddY mice and their estrous cycle.

The relationship between paracoccidioidomycosis in ddY mouse and its estrous cycle was studied. Adult ddY mice of both sexes were used as experimental animals. Estrous cycle of female mice was examined before inoculation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells and mice were divided into 5 groups such as proestrus, estrus, metestrus-I, metestrus-II and diestrus. Each mouse was inoculated intravenously with 10(6) P. brasiliensis yeast cell units and sacrificed on day 28 after inoculation. Their internal organs were cultured, and in addition, their histopathologies were studied. As a result, there was no difference in the organ cultures among the male and the female mice of 5 groups. However, histopathologically, the female groups at estrus, metestrus-I and metestrus-II were affected more severely than the male group, and the susceptibility of the female mice to the fungus was closely related to their estrous cycles.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

Reevaluation of the teleomorph of the genus Histoplasma by ubiquinone systems.

Ubiquinone systems of the genus Histoplasma and Blastomyces dermatitidis were examined and the relationship between the two genera, Emmonsiella and Ajellomyces, was discussed. Ubiquinone systems have been adopted as a useful taxonomic criteria at the generic level for fungi. We investigated ubiquinone systems of sexual and asexual strains of Histoplasma species and Blastomyces dermatitidis. All the strains of the former group had dihydrogenated ubiquinone-10(Q-10(H2] as the major isoprenologue, while the latter had ubiquinone-10(Q-10). From the result, it was concluded that the teleomorph of Histoplasma species should be brought back to Emmonsiella.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1991

Resistance of Histoplasma capsulatum to killing by human neutrophils. Evasion of oxidative burst and lysosomal-fusion products.

The basis for resistance of yeast form of Histoplasma capsulatum to antifungal activity of human neutrophils was studied. In limiting dilution assays and short term coculture assays human neutrophils were ineffective in killing H. capsulatum whereas Candida albicans was readily killed. By contrast, in a cell free hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase-halide system H. capsulatum was as sensitive to killing as C. albicans. Moreover, lysate of human neutrophils effectively substituted for horse-radish peroxidase in a cell free system for killing H. capsulatum. H. capsulatum elicited significant products of the oxidative burst in human neutrophils as detected by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. However, the response was two-fold less (p less than 0.05) than that induced by C. albicans. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that phagosome-lysosome fusion took place when neutrophils phagocytosed C. albicans or H. capsulatum. Taken together, these findings indicate that, even though H. capsulatum elicits an oxidative burst and phagosome-lysosome fusion within the phagosome, it is capable of evading damage in short term assays.

Cells, Cultured↗