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Biomedical subjects

K Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to K Nishimura.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Rerupture of cerebral aneurysms during angiography.

PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of angiography-related rerupture of intracranial aneurysms and to analyze other risk factors of this complication. METHODS: Clinical data from 144 patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm were reviewed retrospectively. In all patients, angiography was done by the transaortic approach. RESULTS: The incidence of rerupture caused by angiography was 2 (1.4%) of 144 and that of spontaneous rerupture was 14 (9.7%) of 144. Angiography within 6 hours after the initial subarachnoid hemorrhage attack was associated with a significantly higher incidence of rerupture (4.8%) than that after a longer interval (0%). In cases of spontaneous rerupture, patients with worse levels of consciousness showed a higher incidence of rerupture, and this tendency also was evident in cases of induced rerupture. There was no significant correlation between the rerupture rate and the injection volume of contrast medium, aneurysm location, or patient age or sex. CONCLUSION: Although angiography within 6 hours after initial intracranial aneurysm rupture was associated with a higher rate of rerupture, the incidence of rerupture in this study (4.8%) was much lower than those reported previously (20% to 38.5%). The present findings suggest that emergency angiography within 6 hours after aneurysm rupture, which enables neurosurgeons to carry out early surgery, should not be discouraged.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Urinary erythrocyte morphology under optical microscopy: value in the urological outpatient clinic].

Urinary erythrocyte morphology was examined by optical microscopy 1,256 urological patients with hematuria, between 1990 and 1993. The patients were grouped according to whether their urinary red cells were glomerular origin or non-glomerular in origin or mixed form, or others. Of the 740 patients in the glomerular group 537 were examined urologically, and some urological disease was found in 78 (15%) patients. Urological disease was found in only 7 (2%) of the 316 patients in the glomerular group whose complaint was only asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Examination of urinary erythrocyte morphology under optical microscopy is inexpensive and valuable in the urological outpatient clinic.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1995

[Prostatic adenocarcinoma showing features of endometrioid and mucinous carcinomas: a case report].

A 77-year-old male was admitted for the examination of post renal acute renal failure. Blood examination revealed renal dysfunction and elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Computed tomography and retrograde pyelography showed bilateral hydronephrosis due to ureteral stenosis. He died of renal failure and autopsy was done. Histologic findings showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate associated with endometrioid and mucinous carcinoma, and metastases of retroperitoneal lymph nodes and multiple bones. Immunohistochemically, endometrioid carcinoma was positive for prostatic acid phosphate (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA), and negative for CEA. Mucinous carcinoma was negative for PAP and PSA, and positive for CEA. Including our case, 29 cases of endometrioid and 32 of mucinous carcinoma of the prostate reported in the Japanese literature are reviewed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

In vivo regeneration of vestibular hair cells of guinea pig.

Recent studies have shown that inner ear sensory cells may regenerate in mammals as well as in birds. In this in vivo study we investigated the regeneration of vestibular hair cells in guinea pigs after gentamycin intoxication, and found that the vestibular sensory epithelia reproduced new hair cells 30 days after degeneration, due to 30 consecutive days of gentamycin treatment. From the regeneration pattern of sensory epithelia, the supporting cells were identified as the progenitors of hair cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma--clinical analysis of 17 patients].

We studied the clinical features of 17 Japanese patients with pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma. Fourteen of the patients were men and three were women; they ranged in age from 19 to 64 years, with a mean of 34 years at the time of the first examination. Pathologic diagnosis in all patients was based on histologic findings of specimens obtained by open lung biopsy. Major symptoms were dry or productive cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and fever; 23.3% of the patients were asymptomatic. Five patients had pneumothorax. Most patients did not have abnormal physical signs. All 17 patients had histories of smoking, and 14 had started to smoke cigaretts before the age of 20 years. Ten patients (58.8%) first presented with cough or dyspnea, and in the other patients (41.2%) the first abnormalities detected were pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs during health examinations. Chest roentgenograms usually showed bilateral abnormalities. These abnormalities were distributed over all lung fields in 9 cases (52.9%), in the upper and middle lung fields in 4 cases (23.5%) in the upper lung fields in 3 cases (17.7%), and in the middle lung fields in 1 case (5.9%). Micronodular, reticular, cystic or linear shadows were evident in most cases, and were mixed in various proportions. Eleven patients (65%) had abnormalities of pulmonary function. Low %VC and %FEV1 and high RV/TLC ratios were observed in 20-40% of the patients. Low DLCOs (%DLCO < 70%) were observed in 53% of the patients. Arterial blood gases were normal in 11 of 15 patients. The extent of shadows in the chest roentgenogram was related to the frequency of dyspnea, to the total number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and to the abnormally low %FVC and %FEV1, but not to the %DLCO. Data from bronchoalveolor lavage fluid were non-specific in this disease, but further studies will be needed. Follow-up data were collected on 16 patients. The mean time from the histologic diagnosis after open lung biopsy to the last observation was 81.8 +/- 45.1 months (range, 2 months to 15 years). One patient died of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma. The usefulness of steroid therapy remains uncertain.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[High-dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and maximal improvements in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

High doses of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) are effective in some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, dose-response data for this agent are limited. To determine whether patients receive maximum benefit from 1600 micrograms of BDP, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Twenty-one patients with stable COPD [mean +/- SD: age, 69.1 +/- 6.8 yrs; FEV1, 0.86 +/- 0.28 L] were treated with both inhaled bronchodilators and 1600 micrograms of BDP daily for at least 3 months. Each patient received 30 mg of oral prednisolone or a placebo for 3 weeks. In addition to end-point spirometric assessments daily peak expiratory flow rate, symptom scores, and scores on a chronic respiratory disease questionnaire were recorded for the last week of each 3-week period. Oral prednisolone did not improve FEV1, FVC, symptoms or scores on the questionnaire. We conclude that 1600 micrograms of BDP in addition to inhaled bronchodilators produces maximal improvements in stable patients with COPD.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

Functional role of the amino-terminal mobile segment in catalysis by porcine cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase. Critical importance of Val17 and Phe18 for productive binding of substrates.

A notable feature of porcine cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase is the closure of the active site cleft by a mobile amino-terminal segment (residues 15-40) upon binding substrate. The functional roles of Val17 and Phe18, residues that are part of the mobile loop, have been studied in the site-directed mutants in which the size and hydrophobic nature of these residues have been changed. Absorption, circular dichroism spectra, susceptibility to protease 401, and thermal stability did not differ appreciably between wild type and mutant enzymes. In the overall transamination between aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate, V17A represented a typical Km mutant while V17I retained the substrate binding affinity fairly well. In contrast, replacement of Phe18 by Ala resulted in a large decrease in both catalytic rate and binding affinity for substrates. F18W, F18Y, and F18H showed a moderate decrease in kcat and a considerable increase in Km values. Single-turnover reactions with four individual substrates yielded analogous results to those obtained for the overall reaction and, in addition, revealed that k/Kd values of mutants F18A and F18H were over 10 times lower for C5 substrates (glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate) than those for C4 substrates (aspartate and oxalacetate). All mutant enzymes showed variously increased Kd values for substrate analogs such as 2-methylaspartate, succinate, and glutarate. 1H NMR observations of F18H, in which His18 served as a built-in probe, were in accord with the behavior that would be expected from the conformational transition. We conclude that, although Val17 and Phe18 may not be essential for catalysis, the presence of a bulky residue of appropriate size at each position is critical for productive binding of substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Enhancement of phorbol ester-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by thalidomide.

The effect of thalidomide [racemic (DL-) form and optically pure (D- and L-) forms] on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha production by human leukemia cell lines (HL-60, K562 and U937) stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was investigated. Though thalidomide has been regarded as a specific inhibitor of TNF-alpha production, our study indicated that all forms of thalidomide enhanced (but did not inhibit) the TPA-induced TNF-alpha production by the human leukemia cell lines investigated. The effects of thalidomide on TNF-alpha production might be cell type-specific.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1994

Phospholipid analysis of alveolar macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following bleomycin administration to rabbits.

Changes in the lipid metabolism of the lung during pulmonary injury were investigated by quantitative and qualitative analysis of phospholipids in pulmonary surfactant and alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from rabbits that had been given a single transtracheal injection of bleomycin hydrochloride (BLM) 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days previously. BLM treatment increased the phospholipid content of both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatant fluids and BAL cells. Furthermore, the proportion of phosphatidylcholine (PC) showed an increase in BAL cells during the development of pulmonary injury, and BLM treatment appeared to cause transformation of AM to foamy AM. Lipid analyses of the foamy AM revealed that their phospholipid content was increased, and that the percentage of PC with palmitic acid was elevated. Thus it appears that accumulation of phospholipids derived from pulmonary surfactant contributes to the increase in phospholipids and PC in BAL cells. These findings indicate that BLM treatment produces an alteration in the amount and composition of AM phospholipids, and also in BAL supernatant fluids.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Emphysematous changes assessed by selective alveolobronchography and bronchodilator response in chronic airflow obstruction.

To investigate the relationship between the emphysematous changes and bronchodilator responses in patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), we studied the correlation between bronchodilator response to 10 mg inhaled metaproterenol and the extent of emphysema, using selective alveolobronchogram (SAB). Fifty-one patients with CAO were classified into 3 groups by the extent of emphysematous changes detected by SAB. In group 1, no or mild emphysematous change was observed on SAB (n = 9); in group 2, there were significant emphysematous changes but the involved area was less than 75% (n = 17); in group 3, emphysematous change was extensive and covered more than 75% (n = 25). The post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) of patients in group 3 was significantly lower than in groups 1 and 2. The mean value of changes of FEV1 as a percentage of predicted FEV1 of patients in group 3 was significantly lower than in groups 1 and 2. These results indicated that the extent of emphysematous change correlated positively with the severity of fixed airflow obstruction, and negatively with the bronchodilator response.

Bronchography↗