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Biomedical subjects

K Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to K Nishimura.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Analysis of postoperative shivering following the deliberate mild hypothermia during neurosurgery].

We induced deliberate mild hypothermia in 96 patients who underwent intracranial operations using a water blanket and a convective device blanket. The lowest temperature measured at the tympanic membrane during mild hypothermia was adjusted to 34.5 degrees C. The patients were divided into two groups in respect to the occurrence of postoperative shivering, and the relationship between the perioperative parameters and the occurrence of postoperative shivering was evaluated. Shivering was observed postoperatively in 29 to 96 patients (30.2%). In the group with shivering (SV), age was significantly lower and body weight and body surface area were significantly larger than the group without shivering (NSV). Urinary output was significantly larger in SV than in NSV. Tympanic membrane, nasopharyngeal, and rectal temperatures at the end of surgery and nasopharyngeal, rectal, and peripheral temperatures just after the extubation were significantly lower in SV than in NSV. These results suggest that sufficient rewarming of both the core and peripheral temperatures is important to prevent the postoperative shivering following the mild hypothermic therapy in neurosurgical patients, especially in young patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of treatment on health-related quality of life in patients with asthma].

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with asthma. We used the Japanese version of the Living With Asthma Questionnaire (LWAQ) as an asthma-specific HRQoL measure. Thirty-four new patients were enrolled and treated according to Guidelines on the Management of Asthma by the British Thoracic Society. The LWAQ and spirometry were evaluated on the initial visit, and three and six months after treatment. The LWAQ score, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC) were significantly improved three months after treatment. The Japanese version of the LWAQ was reliable. For the first three months, there were no correlations between changes in FEV1 or FVC and LWAQ scores (Rs = 0.11-0.25). Pulmonary functions could not predict HRQoL well. Therefore, HRQoL should be measured directly to assess HRQoL in asthmatics.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1998

[Two cases of delayed ureteral fistulas following rectal amputation].

We report two rare cases of delayed ureteral fistulas which occurred one month following rectal amputation. Case 1 was a 52-year-old male who underwent abdominal perineal resection of the rectum. One month after surgery, the patient had a paralytic ileus. Computed tomographic (CT) scan and drip infusion pyelography showed left ureteral fistula and a large pelvic urinoma. Because retrograde placement of a double-J stent was unsuccessful, antegrade placement of the double-J stent was performed. The fistula and urinoma healed soon after the placement of the double J stent. Case 2 was a 43-year-old male who underwent abdominal sacral resection of the rectum. One month after surgery, a large amount of urine began to drain from the perineal wound. CT scan and retrograde pyelography showed a right ureteral fistula and a large pelvic urinoma. There had been temporary improvement in the discharge without the treatment of the ureteral fistula, only for it to return more profusely. Because placement of a double-J stent was unsuccessful, right percutaneous nephrostomy was performed, after which, a right ureterocysto-neostomy (Boari flap method) was performed. We advocate the initial use of the double-J stent or percutaneous nephrostomy in ureteral fistula. This approach is simple and may cure the fistula. If unsuccessful, it will not hinder subsequent open surgery.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1998

[A case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra].

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra is a rare disease. We herein report the 23rd case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra in Japan. A 75-year-old female visited our hospital because of pollakisuria. Pelvic CT revealed a 2.2 cm tumor surrounding the entire circumference of the urethra with pelvic lymph node metastases. Chest CT revealed mediastinal lymph node metastases. She underwent anterior pelvic exenteration and ileal conduit urinary diversion. Pathological diagnosis of the tumor was clear cell adenocarcinoma. She has been alive 11 months after surgery in spite of enlarged mediastinal lymph node metastases.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1998

First-pass radionuclide angiography using iodine-123 myocardial tracers and a multicrystal gamma camera.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of the assessment of ventricular function by first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA) with 123I myocardial tracers and a multicrystal gamma camera. METHODS: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and right ventricular ejection fraction were measured in 69 patients by FPRNA using 123I myocardial tracers (126 +/- 7 MBq) and 99mTc tracers (541 +/- 141 MBq) on a multicrystal gamma camera with a high-sensitivity collimator. For 44 patients, ejection fraction values measured by 123I-FPRNA were compared to those estimated by equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA). Visual wall-motion analysis was also performed to judge clinical acceptability of 123I-FPRNA images for identification of wall-motion abnormality. RESULTS: Mean LVEFs (%) estimated by 123I-FPRNA and by 99mTc-FPRNA were 49.6 +/- 13.6 and 49.1 +/- 14.1, respectively (nonsignificant p value). An excellent correlation was found between LVEFs estimated by 123I-FPRNA and 99mTc-FPRNA (r = 0.96, s.e.e. = 1.9%). Values of LVEF measured by 123I-FPRNA also demonstrated excellent correlation with those measured by ERNA (r = 0.95, s.e.e. = 2.2%). A good correlation was also noted between right ventricular ejection fractions measured by 123I-FPRNA and 99mTc-FPRNA (r = 0.72, s.e.e. = 4.0%). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between 123I-FPRNA and ERNA wall-motion scores was 0.87 (n = 135, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Resting ventricular function can be reliably measured with 123I-FPRNA in combination with a multicrystal gamma camera. This indicates that the assessment of ventricular function is feasible in conjunction with 123I myocardial imaging without an increase in cost or radiation dose to patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 inhibits growth and metastasis of a hormone-independent rat prostatic carcinoma cell line.

PURPOSE: Inhibitory effects of TNP-470, a synthetic analogue of the antibiotic fumagillin secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus, were studied with respect to growth and lung metastasis of the hormone-independent rat prostatic carcinoma cell line AT6.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat prostatic carcinoma AT6.3 cells were implanted in nude mice subcutaneously. Antimetastatic and growth-inhibitory effects of TNP-470 in vivo were examined 3 weeks after inoculation of AT6.3 cells. Direct growth-inhibitory effect was examined by MTT assay in vitro. RESULTS: TNP-470 inhibited the growth of AT6.3 cells in vitro. Subcutaneously injected TNP-470 markedly reduced numbers and individual size of lung metastases from AT6.3 cells inoculated percutaneously or intravenously into male BALB/c-nu/nu mice. CONCLUSION: This agent, which acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor, may prove to be clinically useful in preventing metastasis of hormone-independent prostatic cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Simplified solid-phase membrane immunobead assay (MIA) with monoclonal anti-ciguatoxin antibody (MAb-CTX) for detection of ciguatoxin and related polyether toxins.

The development of a simplified and modified procedure for the assessment of ciguatoxin (CTX) and related polyethers from ciguateric contaminated fish tissues is presented in this study. The previous method, stick-enzyme immunoassay (S-EIA) used an organic correction fluid-coated bamboo paddle stick for the solid phase; this new procedure, membrane immunobead assay (MIA), uses a plastic stick with a synthetic membrane laminated onto one end. The membrane is hydrophobic and serves as the solid-phase receptor for the binding of methanol-extracted CTX or its related polyether lipids from fish tissues. Detection of the bound polyether toxin(s) on the membrane is carried out with colored polystyrene beads coated with monoclonal antibody to CTX (MAb-CTX). Intensity of the color on the membrane is proportional to the amount of toxic polyethers on the membrane. The MIA is compared with previous procedures developed for CTX detection (S-EIA and solid-phase immunobead assay, SPIA) using State of Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) implicated ciguateric fishes, and reef fishes from Hawaii and Kwajalein. The data presented show good correlation between the three test systems, especially with ciguatera implicated fish and toxic, routinely assessed fishes in the mouse toxicity (MT) bioassay. Variations between MT results and those of the S-EIA, SPIA, and MIA of routine fishes are generally attributable to diverse toxins present in the fish species examined. The MIA is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection method for CTX and its related polyethers, with no reported false negative results. The test is useful for field and personal use and can be adapted to the laboratory for large-scale screening of potentially ciguateric fishes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of salbutamol on proliferation of human bronchial epithelial cells: role of MAP kinase].

To determine whether stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors affects proliferation of airway epithelial cells and, if so, whether activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved, we studied cultured human bronchial epithelial (16-HBE) cells in vitro. The 16-HBE cells were grown to subconfluence in 96-well plates, and their growth was inhibited by incubation in serum-free medium for 72 h. The cells were ten incubated in the presence of saltbutamol (SAL, 10(-7) M), a specific beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist. Proliferation of the cells was evaluated by MTT assay and total DNA content, and activation of MAPK was assessed by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting for phosphorylated MAPK (phospho-MAPK). Immunocytochemistry and immunoblots demonstrated that phospho-MAPK was expressed within minutes of SAL exposure. This effect of SAL was as potent as that of 10% serum, and was greatly inhibited by treatment with propranolol. These results suggest that SAL is a potent mitogen of airway epithelial cells and that its effect may be exerted by beta(2)-adrenocepter-mediated activation of MAPK.

Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical results of transurethral electrovaporization of prostate (TVP) with two vaporization electrodes].

Transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TVP) is a new minimally invasive procedure for treatment of enlargement of prostate. Between April 1996 and September 1997, TVP was carried out in 109 cases with symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. A Stortz spike electrode and a Stortz vapor cutting electrode were used for vaporization electrodes. Efficacy parameters evaluated included International Prostate Symptom Score, peak uroflow and postvoid residual volume. By September 1997, 32 cases (spike electrode) and 33 cases (vapor cutting electrode) could be followed up and evaluated. They have shown both subjective and objective voiding improvement. The improvements in subjective symptom scores and objective voiding parameters were not significantly different between the two electrode groups. Early complications included urinary retention, intraoperative burn, stress incontinence, blood transfusion and postoperative hemorrhage. Late complications included urethral stricture, bladder neck contracture and bladder stone. TVP was found to have several advantages, particularly minimal bleeding and the low incidence of postoperative morbidity. The technique is simple and symptoms improve at an early stage following surgery. This study demonstrates that TVP is a safe and effective modality for treatment of BPH. However, long-term studies with larger numbers of patients are needed.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Transport of temocaprilat into rat hepatocytes: role of organic anion transporting polypeptide.

The mechanism for hepatic uptake of temocaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is predominantly excreted into bile was studied using isolated rat hepatocytes and COS-7 cells expressing the organic anion transporting polypeptide (oatp1). The uptake of temocaprilat into isolated rat hepatocytes exhibited saturation with a Km of 20.9 microM and a Vmax of 0.21 nmol/min/mg protein. This uptake was temperature sensitive and was significantly reduced by metabolic inhibitors, a sulfhydryl-modifying reagent and an anion-exchange inhibitor, although the replacement of Na+ with Li+ in the medium did not affect the uptake. [3H]Temocaprilat uptake was inhibited by estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide and dibromosulphophthalein, typical substrates for the Na+-independent organic anion transporter, in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas excess estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide did not completely inhibit the uptake. Temocaprilat uptake into COS-7 cells transfected with oatp1 cDNA revealed a concentration-dependency with a Km of 46.7 microM, a value comparable with that obtained in isolated hepatocytes. The contribution of oatp1 to carrier-mediated hepatic uptake of temocaprilat was less than 50% by correcting the uptake clearance with that of estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide. A good linear correlation was observed for the inhibitory effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (benazeprilat, cilazaprilat, delaprilat and enalaprilat) between isolated hepatocytes and oatp1-expressing cells. These data suggest that oatp1, along with another transporter(s), mediates the uptake of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors into rat hepatocytes.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1998

The identification and phylogenetic relationship of pathogenic species of Aspergillus based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

To study the identification and phylogeny of pathogenic isolates of Aspergillus, we designed primers from known cytochrome b amino acid sequences. Using these primers, 426 bp fragments of a mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), directly sequenced, and compared among Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus and Emericella nidulans. Except for E. nidulans, all strains produced the 426 bp fragment by PCR. The E. nidulans strains demonstrated both an intron-presence fragment ( approximately 1500 bp) and intron-absence fragment (426 bp). Species-specific nucleotides were found in each of the five species. Based on sequence analysis, the strains were further divided into several groups within each species. When a 142-amino-acid sequence was estimated from the 426 bp nucleotide sequence using the yeast mt genetic code, the amino acid sequences showed no difference among strains of the individual species. DNA-based phylogenetic and amino acid-based trees were constructed. In conclusion, the DNA sequences of the cytochrome b gene may be of use in identification of pathogenic Aspergillus species and the amino acid-based tree suitable for discussing their phylogenetic relationships.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. T-cell receptor V gene usage in BALF T-cells from 3 cases in one family.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a granulomatous lung disease characterized by a T lymphocyte bronchiolalveolitis and in several recent studies the preferential use of V beta regions of T-cell receptor (TCR) has been demonstrated. In Japan, summer-type HP, caused by Trichosporon cutaneum, is the most prevalent type of HP, and it is known by the familial occurrence. To clarify whether TCR expression could be restricted on lung T-cell and associate with the HLA type in an organic antigen-driven hyperimmune status, we examined three cases of summer-type HP in one Japanese family. METHODS: TCR expression on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid T-cells was analyzed with 13 TCR V gene specific monoclonal antibodies. In addition, HLA types were analyzed using the microlymphocyte toxicity method. RESULTS: The changes in TCR expression were most frequently found in the BAL fluid CD8+ subset, but we found no preferential TCR V gene usage common to the three cases or correlation between the HLA type and the V gene usage. In two of the three cases who underwent a second lavage three months after the first one, some of the TCR expansions were preserved. CONCLUSION: Preferential usage of several TCR V genes was observed in three cases with summer-type HP in one family, but we could find neither a common T cell expansion nor any correlation between the HLA type and the TCR V gene usage.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Assessment of hair cell death using the dye extrusion method.

We examined the usefulness of the dye extrusion method for assessing cochlear hair cell death in guinea pigs. Unilateral temporal bones were incubated in sterile Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium for 1-6 h and then perfused with PBS/0.3% trypan blue to determine hair cell viability. Cells with nuclei stained with trypan blue were assumed to have died. The contralateral temporal bones of each animal were incubated with the same medium for 1-6 h and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This method revealed that hair cell viability under these conditions was maintained for at most 3 h. After incubation for more than 3 h, hair cell injury began and increased. After 6 h incubation, TEM revealed apoptotic death of outer hair cells. The results with this method agreed with the TEM findings. The dye extrusion method is simple, easy and useful for screening hair cell death in the cochlea under pathological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cleavage product from the NO donor NOC-5 and inner ear hair cell damage.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a neurotoxic gas which causes neuronal cell death. NO ototoxicity has also been reported, 1-Hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(3-aminopropyl)-3-isopropyl-1-triazene (NOC-5), NO donor, was used for studying NO. In this in vitro study, we examined whether NOC-5 and the cleavage products arising from it after production of No have ototoxic effects on the cochlea. The temporal bones of 55 guinea pigs were dissected and incubated in Dulbecco Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) with low glucose and 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) perfused with various concentrations (100, 50, 10, 1 mM, 100 microM) of NOC-5 (pH 7.4) or the same concentrations of N-isopropyl 1-3 propanildiamine (R-NH2). Hair cell death was assessed using trypan blue staining. With NOC-5, percentages of outer hair cell death were 99.2, 98.0, 45.2, 40.5, and 20%, respectively, and percentages of inner hair cell death were 69.3, 70.2, 22.5. 11.1 and 0%, respectively. With R-NH2, percentages of outer hair cell death were 90.3, 81.1, 29.8, 21.0 and 19.3%, respectively, and percentages of inner hair cell death were 61.4, 48.1, 10.2, 5.4 and 0%, respectively. Ultramicroscopic examination showed that hair cell death was necrotic. Although NOC-5 is useful for study of NO, its cleavage products are also ototoxic.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Induction of macrophage exudation in the inner ear by OK432 treatment.

OK432, a heat- and penicillin-treated lyophilized powder of a low virulent Su strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, was injected into the perilymphatic space of guinea pigs in order to determine the kinetics of exudation of inflammatory cells into the cochlea over a 7-day period. OK432 induced exudation of many neutrophils and Asialo GM1-positive cells into the scala tympani. The numbers of these cells peaked on the first day after OK432 treatment, and then gradually decreased. Four days after treatment very few of either of these types of cells were observed in the scala tympani. Asialo GM1-positive cells were confirmed to be activated macrophages. In ears treated with physiological saline or with the additive included in OK432 in control studies, no notable changes in the inner ear were recognized. These findings suggest that the inner ear can undergo induction of macrophage rapidly exudation by OK432 treatment as has previously been observed for other organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Surgical treatment of cancer extending from the retromolar fossa to the masticator space.

Cancer extending from the retromolar fossa to the masticator space with neck metastasis (T4N2M0, Stage IV) was surgically removed en bloc by maxillectomy using a mandibular swing technique. This approach allowed a wide surgical view and was useful as handling the external and internal pterygoid muscles and upper neck dissection could be combined. Though there have been several surgical approaches to the masticator space, in the case of tumors which are commonly malignant there, this approach is useful and satisfactory.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗