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Biomedical subjects

K Nishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to K Nishimoto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Peduncular hallucinosis associated with ruptured basilar-superior cerebellar artery aneurysm--case report.

A 65-year-old female developed peduncular hallucinosis 3 days after rupture of a basilar-superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. There were no neurological deficits except slight anisocoria when she first complained of hallucinations. Vasospasm of the perforating arteries to the upper brainstem, rather than direct brainstem damage caused by the bleeding, was probably the cause. Peduncular hallucinosis is possibly the only localizing sign of ruptured upper posterior circulation aneurysm.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Mode of antibacterial action of cefprozil, a new cephalosporin, on Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Morganella morganii.

The mode of antibacterial action of cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a newly developed cephalosporin, was investigated using Escherichia coli K12, Serratia marcescens IFO 12648 and Morganella morganii IFO 3848 as test organisms, in comparison with the action of cefaclor (CCL). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CFPZ for these organisms were 1.56, 800 and 25 micrograms/ml, whereas those of CCL were 1.56, 800 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. The addition of a subinhibitory concentration (1/4 MIC) of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which damages the permeability barrier of the outer membrane, markedly reduced the MICs of CFPZ for E. coli and S. marcescens, compared with those of CCL, whereas the MICs of both antibiotics for M. morganii were hardly affected by the presence of EDTA. CFPZ was more stable to beta-lactamase activities from these organisms than CCL. The cross-linking reactions of peptidoglycan synthesis catalyzed by the ether-treated cells from these organisms were inhibited by a lower concentration of CFPZ than of CCL.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

Coronary artery calcification in Kawasaki disease.

To evaluate the angiographic features of coronary lesions in Kawasaki disease with coronary artery calcification, cinefluoroscopy and cineangiography were retrospectively reviewed in 116 patients who had undergone coronary angiography between 1982 and 1989. Angiographic abnormalities of coronary arteries were demonstrated in 55 of the 116 patients. In 5 (9.1%) of the 55 patients, 9 with calcification were identified by cinefluoroscopy and chest x-ray. Eight of the 9 calcified lesions showed a circular or ring-shape configuration. Coronary angiography revealed a total occlusion of the right coronary artery with collateral circulation from the distal left coronary artery in 2 patients and a severe stenosis of the right coronary artery in 2 patients, in whom anticoagulant therapy had not been continued during the follow-up periods. The remaining patient in whom anticoagulant therapy had been continued had bilateral aneurysms but no significant stenosis. These results indicate that a ring-shape calcification on chest x-ray in a patient with a history of Kawasaki disease may suggest an involvement by coronary artery stenosis even when anticoagulant drugs had been given. Therefore, coronary angiography should be performed to evaluate the stenotic lesions if this type of calcification is found by routine radiographic examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of skin cancer among Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors (preliminary report).

Among a total of 65,268 Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors recorded in the Scientific Data Center of Atomic Bomb Disaster, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 140 cases with skin cancer were collected from 31 hospitals in Nagasaki City from 1961 through 1987. Subsequently, these cases of skin cancer in Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors were statistically analyzed in relation to the estimated distance from the hypocenter by age, sex, histology and latent period. The results were as follows: 1. A high correlation was observed between the incidence of skin cancer and the distance from the hypocenter. 2. The incidence of skin cancer in Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors now appears to be increasing in relation to exposure distance. 3. Among 140 cases, basal cell epithelioma was observed in 67 cases (47.9%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 43 cases (30.7%).

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between molecular structures of sugars and their ability to stimulate the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 from canine ileal loops.

The structure-activity relationship of sugars inducing secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 from the gut was examined using intestinal loops prepared from the terminal portion of the ileum of dogs. The plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration in a mesenteric vein draining only the looped region of the intestine was increased after infusion of 139 mmol/l solutions of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-glucuronic acid, 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, maltose, sucrose or maltitol into the intestinal lumen, but not after infusion of solutions of D-fructose, D-fucose, D-mannose, D-xylose or lactose. The increases in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration correlated with the corresponding increases in glucagon-like immunoreactivity induced by these sugars. The plasma glucose level of the regional mesenteric vein increased significantly from the basal level after instillation of D-glucose, but not after instillation of other sugars. It is suggested that cells of the gut have a glucose sensor for release of products of the glucagon gene and that this sensor has specific steric requirements. The sugars that induced glucagon-like peptide-1 release share the molecular features of electron density near C(6), an equatorial hydroxyl at C(2), and an axial hydroxyl at C(1), which could account for their recognition by the glucose sensor to initiate the releases of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like immunoreactivity.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of isometric detrusor pressure in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia].

The subjects chosen for this investigation were 88 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who proved not to have neurogenic bladder and 6 male volunteers without lower urinary tract disorders. In addition to the conventional preoperative urodynamic studies, isometric detrusor pressure was measured by the technique with balloon occlusion at the bladder neck. Although all 88 patients had undergone either transurethral resection of the prostate or subcapsular prostatectomy and routine postoperative examinations revealed sufficient canal formation in the prostatic urethra, in 23 patients (26.1%) a significant amount of residual urine was still observed and/or maximum urinary flow rate was considerably low. A retrospective analysis of the data from this study suggested that maximum isometric detrusor pressure is a useful parameter for the prediction whether or not micturition is improved after the removal of organic lower urinary tract obstruction, especially in cases with low detrusor pressure during urination. Furthermore, measurement of the maximum isometric detrusor pressure might be helpful in making the diagnosis of the clinical stage of benign prostatic hyperplasia, since several different stages could be defined by the value of maximum detrusor pressure during urination and maximum isometric detrusor pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hemophilus influenzae adherence to and absorption from the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs.

The adherence to and the absorption from nasal mucosal epithelium of type b and non-typeable strains of Hemophilus influenzae were studied in guinea pigs. H. influenzae bacteria were administered to the nose as 4 x 10(7) organisms in 1.0 ml saline. The outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of H. influenzae were used in the absorption study. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that H. influenzae cells attached to both ciliated and non-ciliated cells of the nasal mucosa. Histological studies showed that OMV were absorbed through the nasal mucosa, mainly from ciliated cells. Further, penetration of OMV through the nasal mucosa of immunized animals was reduced when compared with that of non-immunized ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Clinical features of aortic arch anomaly with malalignment ventricular septal defect.

The clinical features and outcome after various surgical procedures on 9 patients with coarctation or interruption of the aortic arch and malalignment ventricular septal defect (group 1) were compared with those of 9 patients with the arch anomaly without malalignment ventricular septal defect (group 2). Cardiomegaly and metabolic acidosis were prominent in group 1. Five of the 9 patients in group 1 died in the immediate postoperative period (56% mortality), but no operative deaths occurred among 8 patients in group 2 (p less than 0.01). The ratio of left ventricular outflow tract to ascending aortic diameter was 0.59 +/- 0.09 in group 1 and 1.03 +/- 0.11 in group 2 (p less than 0.01). Three of 4 patients with a ratio of less than 0.6 died, but no operative deaths occurred among the 6 patients who had a palliative operation and in whom the ratio was more than 0.6. These data suggest that left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is critical when the ratio of left ventricular outflow tract to ascending aortic diameter is 0.6 or less. The presence of severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction necessitates modification of the present surgical strategy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

Leukocyte tissue-type plasminogen activator activity in dialysis patients.

Plasma fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 was significantly high in undialyzed and hemodialyzed chronic renal failure (CRF) patients, indicating that the fibrinolytic system as well as the coagulation system is stimulated. There are two kinds of plasminogen activators (PA) for the fibrinolytic system: urokinase (UK) and tissue-type PA (t-PA). PA activity of peripheral leukocytes from healthy volunteers, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and hemodialysis (HD) patients was measured and compared. Peripheral leukocyte PA in the euglobulin fraction was purified using zinc-chelate-Sepharose 6B column and Concanavalin A-Sepharose column chromatography. The different PA activity was quantitatively identified by electrophoretic enzymography and was confirmed using antibody against UK and t-PA. PA activity of peripheral leukocytes was significantly higher in HD patients on the cupro-ammonium processing membrane dialyzer than in CAPD patients and healthy volunteers. All PA activity in the three groups was UK, and t-PA was not detected. This suggested that the inflammatory response was continuously induced in HD patients, resulting in the induction of PA activity of the leukocytes and plasma, and that different mechanisms were involved for the synthesis or secretion of UK and t-PA.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of posttraumatic cerebral air embolism].

We report a case of cerebral air embolism that occurred after chest trauma. The diagnosis was confirmed by CT and skull roentgenogram which demonstrated air bubbles in intracranial arteries. It is well recognized that cerebral air embolism is caused by various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and trauma. But it may often be overlooked because it is diagnosed clinically and there are no characteristic symptoms nor signs. Although various ways of treatment have been reported, prevention and early diagnosis are the most important. It is very rare that air bubbles are detected in skull roentgenograms in cases of cerebral air embolism. Only three other cases have been reported. One of these cases reported by Westcott awakens our interest because the patient died within only several minutes after the onset and underwent cardiac massage before the roentgenogram was taken, in the same way as our case. We think some artificial force is necessary to push air into intracranial arteries to the extent that it is detected on a skull roentgenogram. Little has been reported on CT findings in cerebral air embolism. Roughly speaking, three kinds of abnormal findings have been reported. They are air, edema, and infarction. In only nine cases including ours, air bubbles were detected on CT. In those cases CT scans were performed soon after the onset, twelve hours at the latest. Abnormal findings were detected in either bilateral hemispheres or in the right hemisphere only. Almost all lesions are located in the territory of the cortical branches, but in one case bilateral, thalamic infarction was noted, which is thought to be caused by embolism of thalamoperforators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Progressive vascular lesions in Williams-Beuren syndrome.

We report two patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome. The first patient showed no evidence of coarctation of the aorta at the first examination. Seven years later, she developed coarctation of the aorta. In the second patient, we found the progression of renal artery stenosis by serial angiography. We report that vascular lesions may be progressive in Williams-Beuren syndrome.

Adolescent↗