DNA from non-diabetic Caucasians (n = 16), Blacks (n = 22), Hispanics (n = 13) and Japanese (n = 21), as well as DNA from 34 Caucasian, 19 Black, 19 Hispanic and 20 Japanese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) after digestion with enzymes BglII and XbaI, and hybridization with the glucose transporter probe, hGT2-2. There were significant differences in the incidence of the RFLPs between Caucasians and Blacks, both controls and patients with NIDDM. Digestion with XbaI revealed a higher incidence of the homozygotic state for allele I in NIDDM Caucasians (12 vs. 0%) than in controls. In NIDDM Blacks and Hispanics, we found a high incidence of a combination of two traits: 42% of the Black and 47% of the Hispanic NIDDM patients were homozygous for the BglII allele I and heterozygous for XbaI. Only 23% of non-NIDDM Blacks or Hispanics had this combination (P less than 0.05). There was no association between RFLP frequency and NIDDM among Japanese subjects. These data support the influence of race on both BglII and XbaI RFLPs. The homozygotes for XbaI in Caucasians and the presence of two specific traits in Blacks and Hispanics appear with higher frequency in NIDDM.

Asian People↗

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Histologic and scanning electron microscopic study of the glenoid labrum.

Three-dimensional fibrillar architecture of the glenoid labrum and its attachment to the glenoid rim were studied in 15 cadaveric shoulders to understand the pathophysiologic condition of various shoulder diseases. The true anatomic labrum was a narrow band located at the junction of the glenoid rim and fibrous capsule and varied considerably in size and shape. A triple-layered collagen structure of the labrum was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The thin superficial layer (articular surface) was a reticulated fibrillar network. The second layer was stratified. These two layers seem to act as a bumper against impact on the humeral head. The third, main layer of the labrum consisted of bundles of the fine fibrils densely arranged almost parallel to each other and oblique to the glenoid rim. This layer appears to act as a cushion to stabilize the shoulder joint.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Independence of the prognostic value of tumor suppressor protein expression in ovarian adenocarcinomas: A multivariate analysis of expression of p53, retinoblastoma, and related proteins.

Accurate estimation of prognosis of ovarian cancer is difficult. For this report, in a group of 73 patients with ovarian adenocarcinomas, clinical factors and protein expression status of p53, retinoblastoma (Rb), and related proteins were evaluated for potential prognostic values. Clinical factors included FIGO stage, age, histopathologic type, and protein expression of p53, Rb, MDM2, p14ARF, p21WAF(1)/CIP(1) was determined by an immunohistochemical technique. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the significant prognostic value of FIGO stage (P < 0.0001), p53 status (0.0021), and patient age (P = 0.0255), and we report here, for the first time, the significant (P = 0.0072) prognostic value of Rb status. Histopathologic type and MDM2, p14ARF, p21WAF(1)/CIP(1) status did not show any prognostic value. To examine further the independence of prognostic values, we next applied multivariate analysis: We found that FIGO stage (P < 0.0001) and p53 status (P = 0.0108) were independent prognostic factors, while age and Rb status were not. Independence of prognostic value of p53 has heretofore been controversial, but we found a definite independent prognostic value for p53 status in ovarian adenocarcinomas. We also found that selection of appropriate antibodies for immunohistochemistry was essential to obtain significant results. We used five kinds of antibodies for p53 immunolocalization, and correlation with prognosis was obtained by three of these with different grades of statistical significance.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inhaled nitric oxide selectively reduces pulmonary hypertension after ovine smoke inhalation but does not improve oxygenation.

Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is known to selectively reduce pulmonary hypertension and improve the ventilation-perfusion relationship in subjects with lung injury of various origin. However, some forms of lung injury do not react to inhaled NO at all, or show only a reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure. Very little is known about the effects of inhaled NO after smoke inhalation injury. We investigated the effects of inhaled NO in an established model of ovine smoke inhalation injury. Chronically instrumented sheep (n = 8) had tracheostomies and were insufflated with smoke generated from burning cotton cloth (4 times at 12 breaths each). They were then connected to a ventilator with oxygen-enriched air to achieve arterial oxygen tensions within the normal range. After 48 hours, NO was added to the inspired gas in ascending concentrations of up to 100 ppm. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics as well as oxygen transport were analyzed. Inhaled NO dose dependently lowered the pulmonary hypertension. Concentrations higher than 20 ppm did not further reduce the pulmonary artery pressure. Right ventricular stroke work index was significantly improved owing to the reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance. Arterial oxygenation, however, was not optimized by inhaled NO, probably because of interstitial edema formation.

Administration, Inhalation↗

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Urinary procoagulant activity and tissue factor levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.

We characterized a factor important for the normal procoagulant activity in human urine and measured urinary tissue factor (TF) and thrombomodulin (TM) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Urine shortened normal plasma-based clotting time, which is inhibited by antibody to the human TF. TF in urine presents in membrane-nonassociated and associated forms. The urine TF antigen levels in DM patients were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects, particularly in DM patients without retinopathy. Levels of TM in patients with DM and normal subjects were similar. Although urinary TF might be necessary to repair tissue injury of damaged sites in the excretory pathway of urine, the clinical relevance of the reduced TF in the urine needs further investigation.

Blood Coagulation↗

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Superior effect of tazobactam/piperacillin compared to piperacillin on beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

To evaluate the synergistic antimicrobial effects of tazobactam (TAZ), a beta-lactamase inhibitor, and piperacillin (PIPC) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we compared the antimicrobial effects of TAZ/PIPC with those of PIPC alone on bacteria inducibly or constitutively producing beta-lactamase. TAZ/PIPC had more potent antimicrobial effects compared with PIPC on clinical isolates producing beta-lactamase. In the treatment of mouse systemic infection, the therapeutic effect of PIPC was markedly decreased by beta-lactamase, but that of TAZ/PIPC was only slightly decreased. In the treatment of local infections in mice, the therapeutic effects of PIPC were decreased due to the induction of beta-lactamase and the emergence of bacterial strains constitutively producing beta-lactamase, while those of TAZ/ PIPC were not affected.

Animals↗

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Multiple bone lesions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a patient with relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: minimal residual disease analysis may predict extramedullary relapse.

We describe a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, L2) who relapsed with multiple bone lesions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Allo-BMT was performed from an HLA-identical sibling during the first hematological complete remission (CR). Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers for T cell receptor delta (TCRdelta) gene became positive in the bone marrow sample on day 46 after allo-BMT. On day 113, the patient complained of a painful tumor at the right clavicle. The examination of biopsy specimen revealed infiltration of leukemic cells. After partial response was achieved by local radiotherapy, disseminated bone lesions were demonstrated by 99mTC scintigraphy scan, followed by bone marrow relapse on day 137. The patient died of cardiac tamponade on day 236 after Allo-BMT. MRD assessed by PCR assay for TCRdelta gene in the bone marrow is useful for the prediction of extramedullary as well as medullary relapse after BMT.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced HIC-1 gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical significance.

BACKGROUND: HIC-1 (hypermethylated in cancer-1) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene, identified in a region of frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p13.3, which is telomeric from TP53 and often deleted in surgically resected lung cancers. To determine the significance of HIC-1 in lung cancer, we assessed its expression status and prognostic association in 47 adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RNA was extracted from tumors and corresponding normal tissues of surgically resected lungs, and the amount of HIC-1 mRNA was determined by means of semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: HIC-1 expression in tumors was less than that in normal lung tissues in 40 of 47 patients (85%), indicating frequent partial silencing. Median tumor/normal lung tissue (T/L) ratios for HIC-1 expression were 0.51 and 0.75 for adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. No significant difference of median T/L ratio was observed between the two histological types, or among clinical stages of the patients. However, the reduced expression of HIC-1 gene in the tumor had a direct link with the clinical outcome: lower T/L ratios (< 0.5) were significantly associated with short survival (P = 0.034), an association also observed in cases restricted to stage I (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that low HIC-1 expression is involved in malignant progression of non-small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of a case of Wilson's disease by cytochemical staining of fine needle aspirates of the liver.

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Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intracytoplasmic inclusions in urinary sediment cells from a patient with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease). A case report.

An intracytoplasmic inclusion seen in cells in the urinary sediments of a patient with the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) is described. Cytochemical features suggested that the inclusion-bearing cells may be derived from mononucleated phagocytic cells. The presence of these cells may be related to the acute febrile phase of the disease.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Meningitis with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in cerebrospinal fluid. A case report.

A case of meningitis due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus occurred after neurosurgery. The cerebrospinal fluid cytology showed intracellular diplococci that strongly resembled Neisseria meningitidis. However, subsequent bacteriologic studies revealed a bacterium identical to A. calcoaceticus. It is of practical importance for cytology laboratories to recognize this diplococcal form of organism.

Acinetobacter↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Two cases of congenital arteriovenous fistulae of the lower leg treated by percutaneous arterial embolization.

Massive congenital arteriovenous fistulae of the lower limb is a relatively rare disorder that is difficult to treat surgically and often can be managed by percutaneous embolic occlusion. We report two cases of massive congenital arteriovenous fistulae of the lower limb with refractory leg ulcer treated by superselective arterial catheterization and embolization with metal coils. In both cases, the ulcer disappeared and the pigmentation became paler after embolization.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent common bile duct stones associated with periampullary duodenal diverticula and calcium bilirubinate stones.

We reviewed operative procedures, type of stones, and coexistence of periampullary duodenal diverticula in 115 patients with common bile duct stones who underwent first surgery at our department between 1982 and 1991. Among these patients, 109 underwent choledochotomy with T-tube drainage, 4 underwent side-to-side choledocho-jejunostomy, and 2 had end-to-side choledochojejunostomy. Five patients developed recurrent common bile duct stones (RCS) after surgery. All these patients were older women who had calcium bilirubinate stones in the common duct and coexisting periampullary duodenal diverticula. No patients who underwent end-to-side choledochojejunostomy developed RCS after the initial surgery or reoperation. The results of the present study suggest that both calcium bilirubinate stones and periampullary duodenal diverticula are contributing factors in the development of RCS in patients with common bile duct stones, and that end-to-side choledocho-jejunostomy should be considered for patients with these two factors after the initial common duct exploration.

Adult↗