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Biomedical subjects

K Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to K Nishida.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cytogenetic studies in 32 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: insights to specific chromosomal abnormalities and prognosis.

Cytogenetic studies were performed on a group of 32 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Five patients had refractory anemia (RA), four RA with ring sideroblasts (RARS), nine RA with excess blasts (RAEB), eight RAEB 'in transformation' (RAEB-T), three chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and three secondary MDS (SMDS). Two patients in the SMDS group had been treated with alkylating agents for lung cancer and polycythemia vera, respectively. The other had been exposed to thorotrast. Chromosome analyses were performed with Q and G bandings on bone marrow cells incubated for 24 hr. A clonal chromosomal abnormality was observed in the marrow cells from 19 of the 32 patients (59%). Chromosomal abnormalities of nos. 5 and/or 7 were found in five patients, and were probably specific for RAEB-T and SMDS. Among the twelve patients with solely abnormal metaphases (AA), eight (67%) progressed to acute leukemia, a higher proportion than the three from the 13 patients (23%) with solely normal metaphases (NN) (P less than 0.05). One of the seven patients (14%) with both normal and abnormal metaphases (AN) developed acute leukemia (AA v. AN, P less than 0.03). In only two of the 12 patients who progressed to acute leukemia (17%), was complete remission achieved. The median survival time was only 4.0 months for patients with karyotype AA compared with 18.0 months for AN and 24.0 months for NN (AA v. AN, P less than 0.05, AA v. NN, P less than 0.05). The absence of cytogenetically normal cells indicated a poor prognosis with frequent progression to acute leukemia which is resistant to chemotherapy. Progression to acute leukemia depended not only on chromosomal abnormalities but also on morphological subtype classified according to French-American-British co-operative group criteria. Morphological findings and karyotype combined gave a good indication of the outcome for patients with MDS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of oral amphotericin B with serial measurement of the serum concentration in patients with leukemia and related disorders].

A total of 10 episodes in 7 patients with leukemia or related disorders was treated with oral amphotericin B (AMPH). In 8 episodes AMPH were used prophylactically for severe neutropenia, and in the remaining 2 it was given when the patients were feverish. A daily dose of 2,400 mg of AMPH was given orally once a day and serum concentrations of AMPH were determined serially with bioassay. Two hours after administration, the mean serum concentration of AMPH rose to 0.15 microgram/ml, and reached 0.27 microgram/ml after 24 hours. The concentration was maintained between 0.23 microgram/ml and 0.39 microgram/ml through the following 7 days. These concentrations exceed the minimal inhibitory concentrations of most strains of Candida albicans. In 8 occasions of prophylactic use, no fungal infection was encountered. In a patient with pneumonia, chest X-ray and physical findings improved with administration of oral AMPH. Side effect of AMPH was seen in 1 patient, which was mild proteinuria and was eased rapidly after the withdrawal of AMPH. Clinical laboratory tests showed 1 case of proteinuria and disorder of kidney but did not clear under influence of AMPH. These results suggest that oral administration of AMPH is clinically and therapeutically effective and relatively safe for the prophylaxis or the treatment of fungal infection in patients with leukemia or related disorders.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Inversion of chromosome 3 in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia with abnormal thrombopoiesis.

A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) associated with a remarkable increase of micromegakaryocytes in bone marrow was revealed to have an abnormality of a long arm of chromosome #3, i.e., inv(3)(q21q26), in addition to a complex Ph translocation: t(9;22;15)(q34;q11;q22). Although several cases of acute leukemia with inv(3)(q21q26) and abnormal megakaryocytes have been reported, this is the first case in which the association of inv(3)(q21q26) with a megakaryocytic abnormality was observed in a patient with CML. Our findings suggest that this structural rearrangement may be more specifically associated with abnormal thrombopoiesis than are other structural anomalies of 3q.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1986

Quantum Yields of CAM Plants Measured by Photosynthetic O(2) Exchange.

The quantum yield of photosynthetic O(2) exchange was measured in eight species of leaf succulents representative of both malic enzyme type and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type CAM plants. Measurements were made at 25 degrees C and CO(2) saturation using a leaf disc O(2) electrode system, either during or after deacidification. The mean quantum yield was 0.095 +/- 0.012 (sd) moles O(2) per mole quanta, which compared with 0.094 +/- 0.006 (sd) moles O(2) per mole quanta for spinach leaf discs measured under the same conditions. There were no consistent differences in quantum yield between decarboxylation types or during different phases of CAM metabolism. On the basis of current notions of compartmentation of CAM biochemistry, our observations are interpreted to indicate that CO(2) refixation is energetically independent of gluconeogenesis during deacidification.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Elevated pancreatic oncofetal antigen levels measured by enzyme immunoassay in pure pancreatic juice of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) was measured by enzyme immunoassay in pancreatic juice from patients with pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, or other diseases. POA levels in pancreatic cancer were significantly higher than in other disorders, and POA was seen by immunofluorescence to be in the cancerous tissues of pancreatic cancer. Assay of POA in the pancreatic juice may be more reliable than serum POA, and could contribute to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Reflex renal vasoconstriction on portal vein distension.

The present experiments were designed to study effects of neural control mechanisms on renal sympathetic nerve activity during acute portal vein distension in anesthetized dogs. Following the inflation of a balloon placed into the main portal vein of animals with the neuraxis intact (intact group), portal vein pressure at a site of the splanchnic regions increased significantly. Mean blood pressure (MBP) fell significantly and then renal vascular resistance (RVR) increased significantly in parallel with changes in portal venous pressure. In animals with sinoaortic denervation (SAD group), changes in portal venous pressure during the inflation of a balloon did not differ from the intact group. However, decreases in MBP in the SAD group were greater than that in the intact group, and sinoaortic denervation did not alter increases in RVR. In animals with both sinoaortic denervation and cervical vagotomy (vagotomy group), portal vein distension produced more profound hypotension, and significant increases in RVR occurred. This increase in RVR, however, was abolished by renal nerve denervation. The results of the present study indicate that increases in RVR during the portal vein distension, which is associated with systemic hypotension, may be mediated by an activation of efferent sympathetic renal nerves and modified by at least two neural reflex mechanisms such as carotid sinus baroreceptors and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. In addition, local reflex systems such as stretch receptors in the venous wall of the portal vein may be involved in excitatory response to renal sympathetic nerve, leading to renal vasoconstriction, during the portal vein distension.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of methionine supplementation of a soy protein isolate on short-term nitrogen balance in young women.

The effect of L-methionine supplementation on the utilization of a soy protein isolate (SPI) was evaluated by short-term nitrogen balance studies in young women. Thirteen female students were given SPI in an initial period and SPI supplemented with 1% methionine in a second period immediately after menstruation as the sole source of protein. After one day on protein-free diet, each subject received conventional low-protein diet for three days, and then low protein, semisynthetic diet containing 0.5 g/kg/day (seven subjects) or 0.3 g/kg/day (six subjects) of SPI or SPI supplemented with methionine for seven days. The energy intake was approximately of a maintenance level of 36.5 +/- 3.8 kcal/kg/day. The mean N balances of the subjects at an intake level of 0.5 g/kg/day in the SPI period and methionine supplemented period were -6.2 +/- 12.6 mg N/kg and -9.8 +/- 9.8 mg N/kg, respectively, while their N balances at an intake level of 0.3 g/kg/day were -17.8 +/- 7.2 mg N/kg in the SPI period and -15.5 +/- 3.0 mg N/kg in the methionine supplemented period. There was no significant difference between the values in the SPI and methionine supplemented periods at both levels of protein intake. Blood analyses were carried out before and after the SPI period and after the period of methionine supplementation. The urinary creatinine and urea excretions during these periods were not markedly affected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of fiber on protein, fat and calcium digestibilities and fecal cholesterol excretion.

Five female subjects were given four types of test diets containing various levels of protein for four consecutive 5-day periods and their dietary fiber and feces were collected throughout the experimental period. Diet A was a high-fiber, low-protein diet containing brown rice. Diet B was a semi-purified, low-protein diet containing agar agar as the sole source of dietary fiber. Diet C was a low-fiber, normal-protein diet containing polished rice. Diet D was a high-fiber, normal-protein diet containing brown rice. A fecal marker was given at breakfast on the first day of each five-day test period and on the day after the end of the experiment. Fecal weight increased during the period on high-fiber diets (diets A and D). The apparent digestibilities of protein and fat were significantly depressed by high-fiber diet. Fecal excretion of calcium did not increase on the high-fiber diets. A decrease in the apparent digestibility on a high-fiber, low-protein diet was partly due to the low intake of calcium during this period. Fecal excretion of cholesterol increased markedly during the periods on high-fiber diets. The difference between the intake and fecal excretion of dietary fiber suggested that the fiber was partially digested in the colon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Immunochemical approach to clinical cytology by demonstration of tumor markers using enzyme-labeled antibody technic].

Demonstration of tumor markers using the enzyme-labeled antibody technique was evaluated as an immunochemical approach to cytodiagnosis. AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, or CA 125 were stained in specimens of pleural effusion, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, hepatopancreatic tumor, bone marrow and spuata. Malignant cells of the cases with elevated marker levels in the body fluid were mostly positively stained. And, interestingly enough, some of the malignant cases showed positively, while diagnosis by Papanicolaou's staining was not established for malignancy. It is suggested that immunochemical cytology by tumor marker staining would be useful for analyzing malignant cells and helpful in clinical cytology.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

[Cardiac function noninvasively evaluated by phasic pattern analysis of ventricular power during ejection].

To evaluate cardiac function, ventricular power during ejection (power) and the rate of change of power (dPower/dt) were assessed noninvasively. Power was determined from the product of aortic flow (Fa(t] and brachial arterial pressure (Pa(t]. Fa(t) was measured at the suprasternal notch using an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flowmeter with a 2 MHz carrier frequency and 10 KHz repetition frequency. The maximum detectable blood velocity was 380 cm/sec. Pa(t) was measured using a newly-developed method based on indirect unloading techniques and an air pressure system. There were 21 normal subjects and seven patients with coronary artery disease in this study. The following results were obtained. There was no significant difference between power patterns calculated by Pa(t) and Pao(t) (aortic pressure measured by catheter). The average peak dPower/dt was 160.2 J/sec2 in normal subjects, 145.2 L/sec2 in patients with ejection fractions greater than 50%, and 93.5 J/sec2 in patients with ejection fraction less than 50%. Peak dPower/dt was significantly decreased in patients with the lower ejection fraction (p less than 0.005). The results indicated that this index is clinically useful in evaluating cardiac contractility.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Two novel cell surface antigens on small cell lung carcinoma defined by mouse monoclonal antibodies NE-25 and PE-35.

Two mouse monoclonal antibodies, NE-25 and PE-35, defining novel cell surface antigens of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) were produced. The molecular weight of NE-25 and PE-35 antigens estimated by radioimmunoprecipitation was 25,000 and 35,000, respectively. NE-25 antigen was expressed on the majority of cell lines and tumor specimens of SCLC among lung carcinoma. These NE-25-positive cell lines showed typical growth morphology as SCLC classic lines and expressed high levels of neuroendocrine biomarkers, such as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, while NE-25 antigen-negative lines lacked apparent neuroendocrine properties. This antigen was expressed also on a subset of neoplastic cells with (neuro)endocrine properties, including pulmonary carcinoid, and on various tumors of nervous tissues, such as neuroblastoma. Among the normal cells, Kulchitski cells of lung, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, Langerhans islet, and nervous tissues were positive. Thus, the expression of NE-25 antigen is closely associated with the neural and/or (neuro)endocrine differentiation state. On the contrary, PE-35 antigen was present on four major types of lung carcinomas as well as on squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinomas of various tissues, but it was absent from nervous tissue tumors. Thus, PE-35 antibody showed a "pan-epithelial" reactivity. Analysis by NE-25 and PE-35 antibodies provided evidence for the heterogeneities of SCLC by demonstrating four surface phenotypes, with the NE-25+/PE-35+ phenotype being most common. In addition, the results supported the current understanding that various histological types of lung carcinoma, including SCLC, are derived from a stem cell of the bronchial epithelium.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗