[Case of malignant lymphoma with bilateral lung lesions and myositis].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
K Nishi
Publications and source records attributed to K Nishi.
Molecular cloning and cell cycle-dependent expression of mammalian CRM1, a protein involved in nuclear export of proteins.
Crm1 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a nuclear protein essential for proliferation and chromosome region maintenance, is a possible target of leptomycin B, an antifungal and antitumor antibiotic with cell cycle-arresting activity. cDNA encoding a human homolog of Crm1 was cloned. Human CRM1 (hCRM1) consisted of 1071 amino acids, of which the sequence showed 52% homology with S. pombe Crm1. hCRM1 weakly complemented the cold-sensitive mutation of S. pombe crm1-809, as did S. pombe crm1+. Overproduction of hCRM1 under the control of a series of nmt1 promoters suppressed cell proliferation in wild-type S. pombe in an expression level-dependent manner. A similar inhibitory effect was also observed for crm1+. Cells overproducing either hCRM1 or S. pombe Crm1 were distinctly larger than uninduced cells and contained compacted and fragmented nuclei. Furthermore, calcofluor staining demonstrated that most of these cells formed two septa per cell and accumulated a large amount of chitin or its related polysaccharides around the septa. Closely similar phenotypes between hCRM1- and S. pombe Crm1-induced cells indicate that the cloned cDNA encodes a functional homolog of S. pombe crm1+. Northern blot analyses with RNAs isolated from synchronized mammalian cells showed that the expression of mammalian CRM1 was initiated in late G1 and reached a peak at G2/M, although its protein level unchanged during the cell cycle. Transient expression of hCRM1 fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in NIH3T3 cells showed that hCRM1 was localized preferentially in the nuclear envelope and was also detectable in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm. A crm1 mutation of S. pombe caused nuclear import of a GFP fusion protein containing a nuclear export signal but no change in the distribution of a GFP fusion protein containing a nuclear localization signal. All of these data suggest that CRM1 is a novel cell-cycle regulated gene that is essential for the nuclear export signal-dependent nuclear export of proteins.
3T3 Cells↗
Expression of c-Jun in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice.
The expression of c-Jun in the brains of young (8-week-old) and older (52-week-old) mice following administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was investigated immunocytochemically. Both age groups exhibited reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra after administration of MPTP. There was a significant difference in the magnitude of decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons between the two groups, as has previously been reported, and the older mice exhibited more extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra after MPTP administration than did the young mice. Prolonged c-Jun expression was induced in the substantia nigra following administration of MPTP, and this induction was more prominent in the older mice than in the young mice. Maximum expression of c-Jun occurred on day 7 after the administration of MPTP in both groups. Double staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; a dopaminergic neuron marker) and c-Jun revealed their co-localization indicating that the cells expressing c-Jun were dopaminergic neurons. Cytoplasmic volumes of strongly c-Jun positive cells were reduced, suggesting that they may have been degenerating. In situ end labeling revealed no apoptotic neurons after MPTP administration. These results suggest the existence of some cascade mechanism of nonapoptotic death of dopaminergic neurons following administration of MPTP.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
Isolation and characterization of D-threonine aldolase, a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme from Arthrobacter sp. DK-38.
D-Threonine aldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of D-threonine into glycine and acetaldehyde. Its activity was found in several genera of bacteria such as Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes, Xanthomonas, and Pseudomonas, but not in yeasts or fungi. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from one strain, Arthrobacter sp. DK-38. The enzyme appeared to consist of a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular mass of 51 kDa. This enzyme, as well as L-threonine aldolase, requires pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P) as a coenzyme. Unlike other pyridoxal-P enzymes, D-threonine aldolase also requires a divalent cation such as Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, or Mg2+ for its catalytic activity. The enzyme completely lost its activity in the absence of either pyridoxal-P or a divalent cation. A divalent cation was also essential for the thermal stability of the enzyme. The metal-free enzyme tends to become thermally unstable, resulting in the irreversible loss of its catalytic activity. The enzyme is strictly D-specific for the alpha-position, whereas it cannot distinguish between threo and erythro forms at the beta-position. Thus, D-threonine and D-allothreonine act as substrates of the enzyme, but their kinetic parameters are different; the Km and Vmax values are 3.81 mM and 38.8 micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1) toward D-threonine, and 14.0 mM and 102 micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1) toward D-allothreonine. respectively. The aldolase reaction is reversible, and the enzyme is therefore able to produce nearly equimolar amounts of D-threonine and D-allothreonine through C-C bond formation between glycine and acetaldehyde. The enzyme also acts, in the same manner, on several other D-beta-hydroxy-alpha-amino acids, including D-beta-phenylserine, D-beta-hydroxy-alpha-aminovaleric acid, D-beta-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine, and D-beta-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylserine.
Acetaldehyde↗
Demonstration of L-dopa decarboxylating neurons specific to human striatum.
In the human striatum, we immunohistochemically demonstrated many neurons that were immunoreactive for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC; the second step dopamine-synthesizing enzyme) but not for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; the first step dopamine-synthesizing enzyme). The number of AADC-positive neurons was especially large in the ventral striatum including the nucleus accumbens. The significance of AADC-positive neurons are discussed in relation to the acting sites of L-dopa and antipsychotic drugs.
Adult↗
Biosynthesis of furan fatty acids (F-acids) by a marine bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens.
A mutant derived from Shewanella putrefaciens 8CS7-4 treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was found to produce 15-20 mg of a furan fatty acid (F-acid), 10,13-epoxy-11-methyloctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (F18), per liter of growth medium (10-15% of total fatty acids). Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters of the mutant revealed the presence of other F-acids, 8,11-epoxy-9-methylhexadeca-8,10-dienoic acid (F16), 6,9-epoxy-7-methyltetradeca-6,8-dienoic acid (F14), and methyl branched unsaturated fatty acids, 11-methyl-12E-octadecenoic acid (11-me-18:1) and 11-methyl-10E,12E-octadecadienoic acid (1-me-18:2). About 90% of F-acids were present in phospholipids, in which the F-acids were found to be exclusively linked at the sn-1 position. 11-me-18:1 and 11-me-18:2 were also detected in the sn-1 position. Firstly, 11-me-18:1 increased and reached a maximum at 12 h, and then decreased rapidly. Secondly, the 11-me-18:2 content reached a maximum at 24 h, when 11-me-18:1 was little detected, and then decreased. Finally, the amount of F18 began to increase after 20 h and reached a plateau at 36 h. These results suggest that 11-me-18:1 and 11-me-18:2 are precursors of F18.
Animals↗
Purification and characterization of L-allo-threonine aldolase from Aeromonas jandaei DK-39.
L-allo-Threonine aldolase (L-allo-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase), which exhibited specificity for L-allo-threonine but not for L-threonine, was purified from a cell-free extract of Aeromonas jandaei DK-39. The purified enzyme catalyzed the aldol cleavage reaction of L-allo-threonine (K(m) = 1.45 mM, Vmax = 45.2 mumol min-1 mg-1). The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by carbonyl reagents, which suggests that pyridoxal-5'-phosphate participates in the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme does not act on either L-serine or L-threonine, and thus it can be distinguished from serine hydroxy-methyltransferase (L-serine:tetrahydrofolate 5,10-hydroxy-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.2.1) or L-threonine aldolase (EC 4.1.2.5).
Aeromonas↗
Controlling the capsular shape in lens refilling.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate control of the capsular shape by determining the ability of the lens capsule to mold injected silicone and to evaluate the relationship among the volume of silicone injected, refraction, and the amplitude of accommodation. METHODS: After endocapsular phacoemulsification following an upper, minicircular capsulorhexis, the lens capsule of a pig eye was refilled with a silicone mixture that polymerizes in vitro in 2 hours. The minicircular capsulorhexis opening was sealed by a small silicone plug to prevent leakage. The anterior capsule curvature and refraction of the lens were measured by a Scheimpflug camera and lensometer, respectively, with and without zonular tension. Zonular tension was created using a ciliary ring sutured to the ciliary bodies and expanded. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) anterior curvature of the lenses without zonular tension was 6.50 +/- 0.07 mm after 17 hours and 6.54 +/- 0.04 mm after 42 hours; with zonular tension it was 7.01 +/- 0.11 mm and 7.23 +/- 0.24 mm, respectively. The curvature became flatter when zonular tension was applied or steeper when zonular tension was abolished momentarily during measurements after 17 hours, but after 42 hours the curvature was unaffected by the application or removal of zonular pressure. The mean (+/- SD) amplitude of accommodation (the difference between refraction without zonular tension and that with it) was 3.2 +/- 0.5 diopters (D), 6.1 +/- 1.8 D, 4.8 +/- 0.8 D, and 2.8 +/- 1.3 D, when the lens was refilled with a silicone volume corresponding to 45%, 55%, 75%, and 95%, respectively, of the mean normal lens volume. CONCLUSIONS: The lens capsule possesses some ability to mold the injected silicone during its polymerization. When the eye is atropinized, the lens capsule may conform to its nonaccommodated state. Accommodation could be obtained by various degrees of refilling. Moderate refilling yields a greater amplitude of accommodation than does more complete refilling. Using a silicone plug to seal the capsular opening facilitates lens refilling with excellent reproducibility and seems to be useful in research.
Accommodation, Ocular↗
Neurotoxicity of serum components, comparison between CA1 and striatum.
In vasogenic brain edema, the neurotoxicity of extravasated serum components may contribute to neuronal damage. In the hippocampal CA1 sector and striatum, the neurotoxicity of serum was investigated. Rat serum was prepared as follows: Serum-1: whole serum, Serum-2: ultrafiltrated through a membrane with cut-off at molecular weight (MW) 100,000. Serum-3: through a membrane with cut-off at MW 20,000, and Serum-4: through a membrane with cut-off at MW 5,000. The infusion edema model was utilized for infusion of autologous serum into the brain. The brain tissue was histologically evaluated. The level of glutamate, total protein, and albumin was also measured in the sera used for infusion. The following results were obtained: 1) CA1 neurons were more vulnerable to all infused sera than striatal neurons, 2) there was a strong cellular response in the striatal site of infusion, but only a minimal in the CA1-sector, 3) the severity of damage of CA1 correlated with the glutamate concentrations of the infused sera, 4) further, there was a relationship between the degree of striatal neuronal loss and the amount of protein and albumin present in the infusate. It is, therefore, concluded that the neurotoxic properties of vasogenic edema fluid are also affected by specific features of the brain region of its extravasation. In addition, the pathological mechanisms associated with irreversible damage of neurons might be different in the CA1-sector and the striatum.
Animals↗
Experimental diabetes upregulates the expression of uretereral endothelin receptors.
We investigated the binding characteristics of endothelin (ET) receptors in the ureters of rats with experimentally induced diabetes and diuresis. Receptor binding experiments demonstrated an upregulation in the expression of [125I]ET-1 binding sites in the diabetic rat ureter but not in the diuretic rat ureter. ET-1, ET-3, IRL 1620, and BQ 610 inhibited [125I]ET-binding to the rat ureter consistent with the predominance of ETA receptors in these tissues. The subtype specificity of ET receptors in ureteral tissues was confirmed with inhibition data obtained from cloned human ETA and ETB receptors.
Animals↗
Cytoplasmic Ca2+ mobilization and Ca(2+)-dependent membrane currents in dispersed bovine ciliary muscle cells.
PURPOSE: The dependence of plasmalemma Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores on Ca2+ activated K+ channels of bovine ciliary muscle (CM) cells were examined. METHODS: The nystatin-perforated patch clamp technique for the measurement of membrane currents and a microscope based fura-2 fluorescence imaging of [Ca2+]i were applied to CM cells freshly dissociated with collagenase and identified with smooth muscle-specific alpha-isoactin. RESULTS: At holding voltages (VH) of > -60 mV, CM cells showed spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) and caffeine (> 10(-4) M) induced large transient outward currents (ICAF). Both STOCs and ICAF were abolished by tetraethylammonium chloride (10(-3) M) and charybdotoxin (10(-7) M), but not by apamin (10(-6) M), suggesting that both currents are mediated by Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels similar to those with medium (MK) or large (BK-type) conductance. Both STOCs and ICAF were gradually abolished in the nominally Ca(2+)-free and Co(2+)-containing solutions but were resistant to L-type Ca2+ channel blockers, including nicardipine, verapamil and diltiazem and a N-type channel blocker, omega-contoxin. The [Ca2+]i-elevation during high K+ (100 mM)-depolarization was prevented by Ca(2+)-free and Co(2+)-containing solutions but not by nicardipine. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CM cells possess MK or BK type-like Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels and that L-type Ca2+ channels play minor roles for the maintenance of Ca(2+)-dependent responses in contrast to other types of smooth muscle cells.
Actins↗
Alanyl aminopeptidase from human seminal plasma: purification, characterization, and immunohistochemical localization in the male genital tract.
Alanyl aminopeptidase (AAP) was purified to homogeneity from human seminal plasma. The calculated molecular weight of the purified enzyme was approximately 137,000+/-5,000 from light scattering, 140,000 (main) and 137,000 (minor) from non-denatured PAGE and 153,000 from SDS-PAGE in the absence or presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). These findings suggest that the enzyme is monomeric in form in human seminal plasma. The enzyme hydrolyzed several amino acid 4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (MCA) substrates. The order of Kcat/Km values of AAP at optimal pH (pH 7.5) was Ala- > Lys-Ala- > or = Met- > Leu- > Phe- > Arg- > or = Arg-Arg- > Lys- > Gly-MCAs. AAP was potently inhibited by bestatin, leuhistin, actinonin, amastatin, and 1,10-phenanthroline. These findings suggest that AAP is an aminopeptidase. We determined that the amino acid sequence of the first 22 residues of the enzyme was Ser1-Thr-Thr-Pro-Ser5-Ala-Ser-Ala-Thr-Thr10-Asn-Pro-Al a-Ser-Ala15-Thr-Thr-Leu-Asp-Gln20-Ser-Lys-. This sequence was completely coincident with that downstream of the transmembrane site of human intestinal alanyl aminopeptidase N (CD13). We also isolated cDNA encoding AAP from human prostate cDNA library, sequenced its structure, and confirmed human seminal plasma AAP to be identical with alanyl aminopeptidase N. We postulated that native human seminal plasma alanyl aminopeptidase is released into the seminal plasma after the specific site is cleaved by elastase or an elastase-like enzyme. The enzyme level in human seminal plasma determined by single radial immunodiffusion was 5.2+/-3.2 mg/100 ml (mean+/-SD, n=20) in individuals 20-47 years of age. AAP was immunohistochemically stained in the luminal site-cell membrane of epithelial cells in the prostatic gland and ductuli efferentes of the testis.
Adult↗
[Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of Legionella pneumonia].
We have characterized clinical and diagnostic features in 18 cases of Legionella pneumonia. Age average of patients was 62.0 years old (male:female = 14:4) and underlying diseases were observed in 12 patients. Legionella pneumonia were diagnosed in 3, 5, 8 and 9 cases by culture, serum antibody measurement, urinary antigen detection and PCR, respectively. Sixteen cases were caused by L. pneumophila, while the other 2 cases were L. bozemanii pneumonia and L. pneumophila or L. dumoffii pneumonia. Chest X-rays of those patients showed multiple pneumonia shadows in 14 cases, alveolar shadows in 10 cases, pleural effusion in 5 cases. Blood-gas analysis on admission indicated hypoxemia in all cases with abnormal A-a DO2. Laboratory findings showed abnormal data in WBC, CRP, LDH, CPK and liver function tests (ex. GOT, GPT) in most cases. Serum antibody testing showed positive by 5 weeks after onset of pneumonia, but 10 cases of Legionella pneumonia diagnosed by other techniques were judged to be negative. In urinary antigen detection test, 6 and 2 cases showed positive 1 and 4 weeks after onset of pneumonia, respectively. Macrolide antibiotics were administered in all cases during the episode, but delay of macrolide administration was observed in 3 of 4 cases of dead outcome. Serum antibody measurement, urinary antigen detection and PCR, in addition to culture to bacteria, may be required for exact diagnosis of Legionella infection.
Adult↗
Reversible corpus callosum lesions in a patient with Marchiafava-Bignami disease: serial changes on MRI.
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Alcoholism↗
Carotid endarterectomy for radiation-induced carotid artery stenosis.
A 60-year-old male presented with radiation-induced left carotid artery stenosis. Carotid endarterectomy was performed successfully without postoperative deficits. Carotid endarterectomy is the therapeutic management of choice for these lesions.
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
[Species-differences in diabetes-induced alterations in vasa deferentia endothelin receptors].
PURPOSE: As there is increasing evidence that diabetes induces changes in the plasma levels of endothelins (ETs) and the properties of the ET receptors in peripheral tissues and there are reports indicating the presence of significant amounts of endothelin binding sites in the mammalian vasa deferentia, we studied possible alterations in ET receptor characteristics in the vasa deferentia of rats and rabbits. METHODS: Diabetes was induced with i.v. injections of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and alloxan (100 mg/kg) in rats and rabbits, respectively. We investigated the binding characteristics of endothelin (ET) receptors in the vasa deferentia of four and five month experimentally-induced diabetic rats and rabbits, respectively. The densities and pharmacological properties of ET receptors in the rat and rabbit vasa deferentia were examined by radioligand receptor binding studies using [125I]ET-1. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Receptor binding experiments with [125I]ET-1 revealed a dramatic upregulation in the expression of a single class of specific, saturable, high affinity of [125I]ET-1 binding sites in the diabetic rats but not in the vasa deferentia of diabetic rabbits. ET-1 (non-selective), ET-3 (ETC selective), BQ 610 (ETA selective) and IRL 1620 (ETB selective) compounds inhibited [125I]ET-binding to the rats and rabbits vasa deferentia consistent with the predominance of ETA receptors in these tissues.
Animals↗
[Cough-variant asthma successfully treated with a peptide leukotriene receptor antagonist].
A 47-year-old woman complained of coughing for over 5 weeks. The coughing was not relieved by bronchodilators (theophylline, beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist; procaterol), anti-allergic agents (azelastine, ozagrel), an inhaled corticosteroid (beclomethasone dipropionate), a macrolide antibiotic (clarithromycin), or codeine phosphate. A peptide leukoriene receptor antagonist (pranlukast) completely abolished the coughing and increased the cough threshold to capsaicin. The patient was given a diagnosis of cough-variant asthma because her sputum contained many eosinophils and her airway responsiveness to methacholine was slightly higher than normal. Peptide leukotriene may have contributed to the coughing. The fact that coughing associated with cough-variant asthma was abolished by a peptide leukotriene receptor antagonist is clinically important.
Anti-Asthmatic Agents↗
Detection of cell adhesion molecules in lens epithelial cells of human cataracts.
PURPOSE: To detect the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), including beta integrins, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-2, E-cadherin, and CD44, in cultured lens epithelial cells (LECs) of human cataracts. To show that LECs attach to cells or extracellular matrix components by the detected adhesion molecules. METHODS: A circular section of the anterior capsule with attached LECs obtained by anterior capsulotomy during cataract surgery was cultured in a well of an eight-chamber slide. The LEC immediately after surgery and the cell outgrowth beyond the capsular margin at 2 weeks of culture were observed after the culture was stained immunohistochemically. Functional assays of LEC growth on collagen- or laminin-coated plates were performed in the presence and absence of the antibody blocking the detected adhesion molecules. RESULTS: beta 1 integrin, ICAM-1, and CD44 were detected in both the original specimens and the cultured cells. When the antihuman anti-beta 1 integrin monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti-ICAM-1 mAb, or anti-CD44 mAb was added at 10 micrograms/ml to the incubation medium, LEC migration and proliferation were inhibited significantly on the collagen- or laminin-coated plates. When the mAb blocking these three CAMs were added each at 1 microgram/ml, LEC proliferation also were inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: beta 1 integrin, ICAM-1 and CD44 are all involved in LEC attachment and growth on collagen and laminin in vitro. It can be assumed that these CAMs are involved in adhesion of LECs to extracellular matrix components of the lens capsule. Understanding the characteristics of the adhesion molecules in LEC may lead to the development of a new approach to inhibit secondary cataract formation.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗