Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Ninomiya

Publications and source records attributed to K Ninomiya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on hemodynamics in cirrhotic rats.

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics in cirrhotic rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 80) were used in this study. Liver cirrhosis was induced by thioacetamide administration intraperitoneally (200 mg/kg body weight, twice a week for 16 weeks). The radioactive microsphere method was used to measure systemic and regional hemodynamic parameters before, 1 h after the start, and 1 h after the release of pneumoperitoneum. RESULTS: Splanchnic blood flow and cardiac index were significantly depressed during pneumoperitoneum in liver cirrhosis and control groups, but no significant differences were seen between the two groups. In both groups, portal venous inflow decreased and hepatic arterial blood flow increased significantly during pneumoperitoneum. However, during pneumoperitoneum, total hepatic blood flow as a percentage of its value before pneumoperitoneum was lower in cirrhotic rats (71.0%) than in control rats (91.9%) (p <0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). CONCLUSIONS: Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum markedly decreases total hepatic blood flow in cirrhotic rats due to the impaired hepatic arterial buffer response. Liver function should be carefully controlled in cirrhotic patients after laparoscopic surgery with pneumoperitoneum.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Steroid treatment based on the findings of transbronchial biopsy in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

This study was performed to find the rationale for administering steroids to patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), which was unlikely to be usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) but was not surgically biopsied. Among IIP patients in the file of the departments, nine patients who met the following criteria were selected for this study ("non-UIP" group): 1) transbronchial lung biopsy showed dense mononuclear cell infiltration in thickened alveolar septa; 2) chest radiograph and computed tomography showed irregular linear, reticular or ground-glass opacities with alveolar consolidation without honeycombing in the lung base; and 3) spirometry was performed before and after steroid therapy. Ten patients with pathologically confirmed nonspecific interstitial pneumonia ("NSIP" group) were also selected for the comparison. Baseline values and percentage increase of vital capacity (VC) after steroid therapy were plotted. Steroids improved VC in both groups of patients. After 1 yr of steroid therapy, percentage increase of VC in "non-UIP" was 28.8+/-7.7%, which was not significantly different from that in NSIP (30.0+/-11.7%). One "non-UIP" patient and one NSIP patient died after 6.4 and 4.3 yrs of follow-up, respectively. Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia presenting cellular interstitial pneumonia in transbronchial lung biopsy, in addition to radiographic findings not typical for usual interstitial pneumonia, could expect a beneficial effect of steroids without undergoing surgical biopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Hepatoprotective constituents from zedoariae rhizoma: absolute stereostructures of three new carabrane-type sesquiterpenes, curcumenolactones A, B, and C.

New carabrane-type sesquiterpene lactones, curcumenolactones A, B, and C, were isolated from the 80% aqueous acetone extract of Zedoariae Rhizoma (Zingiberaceae), together with 41 sesquiterpenes and two diarylheptanoids. The absolute stereostructures of curcumenolactones A, B, and C were determined on the basis of physicochemical evidence, which included nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and circular dichroic (CD) spectroscopic analyses. Curcumenone, a principal carabrane-type sesquiterpene from Zedoariae Rhizoma, was found to show potent protective effect on D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice. In addition, curcumenolactones A and B and the other constituents showed protective effect on D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Control of tRNA function by antisense PNA derivatives.

The interaction of antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) with yeast tRNA(Phe) was investigated. A 6-mer PNA complementary to the 3'-terminal sequence including the 73ACCA end hybridized to the tRNA. While the PNA with a single mismatch did not. PNA is a promising candidate for controlling tRNA functions by the sequence-specific hybridization.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed2001

Effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the systemic and peritoneal cytokine response in a LPS-induced sepsis model.

We studied the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum on the systemic and peritoneal cytokine response in a rat model of intraperitoneal sepsis. After intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg), rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 49 in each group): control (abdominal puncture); CO2 pneumoperitoneum, and laparotomy. Blood and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h after LPS challenge. Blood cell counts, plasma endotoxin level, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the plasma and PLF were measured. Blood cell counts did not differ between the 3 groups. Plasma endotoxin levels in the pneumoperitoneum group were significantly increased immediately after the procedure (p < 0.05). Although peak plasma TNF-alpha levels in the pneumoperitoneum group were seen immediately after the procedure, other changes in plasma cytokine levels did not differ significantly between the 3 groups. PLF TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in the pneumoperitoneum group were significantly lower than levels in the control and laparotomy groups soon after the procedure (p < 0.05). PLF IL-6 levels in the pneumoperitoneum group tended to be lower than those in the laparotomy group. In conclusion, CO2 pneumoperitoneum might induce different responses between systemic and peritoneal cytokines soon after the procedure in a rat model of intraperitoneal sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Medicinal foodstuffs. XXV. Hepatoprotective principle and structures of ionone glucoside, phenethyl glycoside, and flavonol oligoglycosides from young seedpods of garden peas, Pisum sativum L.

A new ionone glucoside, pisumionoside, a phenethyl glycoside, sayaendoside, and two acylated flavonol oligoglycosides, pisumflavonosides I and II, were isolated from the young seedpods of garden peas, Pisum sativum L., together with quercetin and kaempferol 3-O-(6-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosides and quercetin and kaempferol 3-sophorotriosides. The structures of pisumionoside, sayaendoside, and pisumflavonosides I and II were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, respectively. Quercetin 3-sophorotrioside, a principle component, was found to show protective effects on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide and by carbon tetrachloride in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Medicinal foodstuffs. XXVIII. Inhibitors of nitric oxide production and new sesquiterpenes, zedoarofuran, 4-epicurcumenol, neocurcumenol, gajutsulactones A and B, and zedoarolides A and B, from Zedoariae Rhizoma.

A new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene, zedoarofuran, and six new guaiane- or seco-guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, 4-epicurcumenol, neocurcumenol, gajutsulactones A and B, and zedoarolides A and B, were isolated from aqueous acetone extract of Zedoariae Rhizoma together with 36 known sesquiterpenes and two diarylheptanoids. Their stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. The effects of isolated components on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages were examined and 16 sesquiterpenes including gajutsulactones A and B, and bis(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)methane were found to show inhibitory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The efficacy of laparosonic coagulating shears for arterial division and hemostasis in porcine arteries.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the laparosonic coagulating shears (LCS) have been used widely in laparoscopic surgery. In the current study, the usefulness of LCS for arterial division and hemostasis was examined in porcine arteries. METHODS: Porcine arteries of several diameters (1, 3, and 5 mm) were removed and divided using LCS with different blade modes: shear, blunt, and flat. The division time and bursting pressure were registered. Additionally, divided sections stained by the Azan-Mallory method were observed microscopically. RESULTS: The division time was dependent on the blade modes used. With the flat mode, the bursting pressure of 5-mm arteries was significantly higher than the bursting pressure with shear and blunt modes. Histologically, cavitation and mild degeneration of the vessel walls occurred adjacent to the cutting edge. CONCLUSION: The LCS is a safe and useful device for arterial division and hemostasis for 5-mm arteries if an adequate blade mode is used.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Umami and food palatability.

Umami is the term that identifies the taste of substances such as L-glutamate salts, which were discovered by Ikeda in 1908. Umami is an important taste element in natural foods; it is the main taste in the Japanese stock "dashi," and in bouillon and other stocks in the West. The umami taste has characteristic qualities that differentiate it from other tastes, including a taste-enhancing synergism between two umami compounds, L-glutamate and 5'-ribonucleotides, and a prolonged aftertaste. The key qualitative and quantitative features of umami are reviewed in this paper. The continued study of the umami taste will help to further our general understanding of the taste process and improve our knowledge of how the taste properties of foods contribute to appropriate food selection and good nutrition.

Drug Synergism↗
PubMed2000

Pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of cisplatin and its metabolites in rats: relationship between renal handling and nephrotoxicity of cisplatin.

The renal handling of cisplatin and its metabolites and the relationship between the pharmacokinetics of these platinum species in the kidney and nephrotoxicity in rats were studied by carrying out pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis. Rats received cisplatin intravenously as a bolus (2-10 mgkg(-1)) or by constant infusion (55 and 140 microg min(-1) kg(-1)). After intravenous administration of each platinum species, the platinum concentrations of unchanged cisplatin and its mobile and fixed metabolites were determined separately. Nephrotoxicity was estimated by measuring the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and the sigmoid Emax model was used to determine the relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and BUN levels 5 days after cisplatin administration. Cisplatin and its mobile metabolites in plasma distributed more rapidly and extensively into the kidney (mean apparent kidney-to-plasma concentration ratios were 2.69 and 7.12 mL (g tissue)(-1), respectively) than into the liver (less than 1 mL (g tissue)(-1)). Concomitant administration of mobile metabolites did not significantly alter the disposition of cisplatin. Nephrotoxicity, estimated by measuring BUN levels, appeared to be related to the plasma concentration of intact cisplatin, not total platinum, because mobile metabolites formed from cisplatin showed little nephrotoxicity. The sigmoid Emax model showed the maximum BUN level reached after cisplatin administration was related to the area under the renal cisplatin concentration-time curve (AUCk).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cisplatin in combination with irinotecan in the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: a pilot phase II clinical trial and pharmacokinetic profile.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of cisplatin and irinotecan (CPT-11) in the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles of CPT-11 and its active metabolite, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38). METHODS: Fifteen previously untreated patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma were treated with cisplatin (60 mg/m2 on Day 1) and CPT-11 (60 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, and 15) administered intravenously and followed by a 1-week rest period. The course of treatment was repeated every 28 days. After intravenous administration, the levels of CPT-11 and SN-38 in the plasma and pleural fluid were determined for each histologic subtype of mesothelioma. RESULTS: All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Four partial responses (response rate of 26.7%) with a median response duration of 25.9 weeks and 2 regressions of evaluable disease (overall response rate of 40%) were observed. The median survival time after chemotherapy was 28.3 weeks, and the median time to treatment failure was 22.1 weeks. The 1-year survival rate for all patients was 38.5%. Toxicity was well tolerated, and there were no treatment-related deaths. World Health Organization Grade 3 leukopenia occurred in 3 patients (20%), and Grade 1 or 2 diarrhea occurred in 3 patients (20%). There was no excess toxicity in patients with large pleural effusions compared with those with no pleural effusions. CPT-11 and SN-38 were detected in the pleural fluid 1 hour after intravenous administration. The maximum concentrations of CPT-11 and SN-38 in the pleural fluid were 36.5% and 75.8%, respectively, of the corresponding plasma values. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cisplatin and CPT-11 had definite activity against malignant pleural mesothelioma and was well tolerated. The intravenous administration of CPT-11 produced adequate distribution of CPT-11 and its active metabolite SN-38 into the pleural fluid and allowed a higher concentration of the more active SN-38 to make contact with mesothelioma cells in the thoracic cavity. These results warrant further clinical evaluation of this combination chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma in a confirmatory Phase II trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Oxygen uptake efficiency slope as a useful measure of cardiorespiratory functional reserve in adult cardiac patients.

In this study we aimed to elucidate the validity and usefulness of the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) in the evaluation of adult cardiac patients. Cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed on a treadmill by 50 adult patients with chronic heart failure. The OUES was calculated from data for the first 75%, 90%, and 100% of exercise duration. The OUES is derived from the following equation: VO(2)=ax logV(E)+b, where VO(2) is oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min), V(E) is minute ventilation (l/kg/min), and the constant "a" represents OUES. We also determined the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT). The correlation coefficient of the logarithmic curve-fitting model was [mean (SD)] 0.986 (0.009). The OUES could be used to discriminate effectively between New York Heart Association functional classes (P < 0.001). OUES and maximum VO(2) were significantly correlated (r=0.78, P < 0.01). Agreement between the OUES values for the first 90%, 75%, and 100% of the exercise was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99). Our results suggest that OUES is applicable to adult cardiac patients as an objective, effort-independent estimation of cardiorespiratory functional reserve.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Laparoscopic resection of a pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma using laparosonic coagulating shears.

A 71-year-old woman with a solitary mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreatic tail complained of back pain. A laproscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed. Laparosonic coagulating shears (LCS) were employed for dissection of the surrounding tissue and transection of the pancreas. The main pancreatic duct was clipped. There was no evidence of bleeding or pancreatic leakage from the transection surface. Pathologic examination showed the tumor to be a mucinous cystadenoma. The postoperative course was uneventful. The LCS was effective in this application.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The role of nitric oxide in the inhibition of gastric epithelial proliferation in portal hypertensive rats.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Portal hypertension is associated with inhibition of gastric epithelial proliferation and increased gastric nitric oxide synthase activity. Whether the nitric oxide inhibits gastric epithelial proliferation is unclear. METHODS: Portal vein ligation was performed to induce portal hypertension in rats. The rats were treated for 7 days with either vehicle or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at 5 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg doses (gastric gavage, twice a day). Sham-operated rats treated with vehicle served as controls. Hemodynamic parameters were measured using radiolabeled microspheres in anesthetized animals. Gastric epithelial proliferation was assessed by evaluating the proliferative cell nuclear antigen labeling index. RESULTS: The cardiac index and gastric fundic blood flow were higher, and the gastric fundic proliferative cell nuclear antigen labeling index was lower in the portal hypertensive rats than in the controls. In portal hypertensive rats, the 5 mg/kg dose of L-NAME decreased the cardiac index and increased the gastric fundic proliferative cell nuclear antigen labeling index to levels similar to those found in the controls, but did not affect gastric fundic blood flow significantly. The 25 mg/kg dose of L-NAME further decreased both the cardiac index and the gastric fundic blood flow, but did not affect the gastric proliferative cell nuclear antigen labeling index significantly. CONCLUSIONS: In portal hypertensive rats, the correction of systemic hyperdynamic circulation by NO inhibition is associated with normalization of gastric epithelial proliferation. Excessive nitric oxide may inhibit gastric epithelial proliferation in portal hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Segmentation of plant hairy roots promotes lateral root emergence and subsequent growth.

The influence of root cutting on the emergence of lateral roots was investigated in the cultures of horseradish and madder hairy roots. The original hairy roots prepared for inoculation were cut at various distances from the tips and the resultant segments were cultivated in flasks. It was found that lateral roots very frequently emerged from the segments, depending on the longitudinal positions at which the segments were obtained. To attain the effective growth, cultivation of madder hairy roots with root cutting performed twice at 0 and 360 h was conducted. The emergence of lateral roots facilitated the growth of hairy roots owing to an increase in the number of growing points (GPs). The dry cell mass concentration and the number of GPs were 9.6 kg/m3 and 1.9 x 10(7)/m3 at 672 h of culture time, which were 3.6 and 4.9 times higher, respectively, than those in the control culture without the operation.

Journal Article↗