Successful treatment with a novel immunosuppressive agent, deoxyspergualin, in type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
K Nemoto
Publications and source records attributed to K Nemoto.
[Radiation therapy for superficial type esophageal carcinoma].
During the period from 1984 through 1991, fifteen patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma were treated with radiation therapy. The clinical stage of these patients was I in 13 cases and IV in two cases. We analyzed the treatment results of 13 patients with stage I disease. Seven patients were treated with external irradiation only and six patients with external irradiation plus high dose rate intracavitary irradiation. The survival rates at one, two and five years were 73.3%, 73.3% and 30.6%, respectively. The relapse-free survival rates at one, two and five years were 76.9%, 76.9% and 76.9%, respectively. Combination chemotherapy and combined therapy with intracavitary irradiation did not improve the local control rate or survival. At present, six patients have already died. The cause of death was uncontrolled primary lesion in one, radiation-induced esophageal ulcer in one, other causes in three and unknown cause in one patient. Local control was achieved in 84.6%(11/13). Radiation therapy for superficial esophageal carcinoma seems as effective as surgical therapy and may become a curative alternative.
Aged↗
Exacerbating factors of radiation-induced myeloid leukemogenesis.
The spontaneous incidence of myeloid leukemia in female mice was slightly higher than in male mice, whereas the radiation-induced incidence was significantly lower than in male mice. We also examined whether the incidence of myeloid leukemia was related to inflammatory response. Mice had a piece of cellulose acetate membrane inserted into the peritoneal cavity to cause inflammation. This did not affect the incidence of myeloid leukemia in unirradiated mice at all, but in 2.84 Gy irradiated mice the incidence (35.9% in male, 26.0% in female mice) increased significantly compared with irradiated-only mice (23.9% and 12.0%, respectively). From these results, the physiological fluctuation of humoral factors by means of inflammatory response is considered to increase the development of radiation-induced myeloid leukemia.
Animals↗
Closed continuous irrigation as a treatment for infection in the hand.
A method of closed irrigation has been devised to treat infections in the hand. After adequate débridement, two tubes are placed in the infected area, an inlet tube and an outlet tube. For a small infection, one tube serves both purposes. The wound is closed completely. Irrigation with saline and antibiotic solution is continued for 1 week, extended up to 3 weeks in cases of severe infection. This method has been applied in 31 cases including pyogenic tenosynovitis, tuberculous tenosynovitis, pyogenic arthritis, osteomyelitis, bite injury, crush injury and amputation stump infection. Infection healed primarily in 29 cases. Further surgery was needed in two cases which healed finally.
Adolescent↗
Prognostic significance of CT scan in malignant glioma.
In 91 malignant gliomas treated with radiation therapy, CT scan which was taken before treatment was reviewed to examine the significance as a prognostic indicator. The irradiation methods and the surgical resectability did not affect the survival. Similarly, the tumor location and the grade of the low density area (LDA) surrounding the contrast enhanced area (CEA) had no significance on the prognosis. As a result of the multi-variate analysis, the histopathologic diagnosis, the CEA size and the CEA pattern were significantly important prognostic factors. Astrocytoma grade III, a CEA diameter of under 4 cm and a homogeneous CEA were favorable indicators of the malignant gliomas. Tumors with a heterogeneous or a ring-like CEA in the diameter of more than 4 cm have the worse prognosis and should be treated extensively by radiation therapy.
Adolescent↗
Constitutive overexpression of the c-fos gene in radiation-induced granulocytic leukemia in mice.
Among various myeloid leukemias which were induced by X rays in C3H/He mice (Seki et al., Radiat. Res. 127, 146-149, 1991), the three most frequent types were analyzed for myeloperoxidase, c-myc, c-myb, and c-fos mRNAs. It was shown by in situ hybridization that all the component cells were positive for myeloperoxidase mRNA in granulocytic leukemia, whereas only half the cells were positive in myelomonocytic leukemia and none in monocytic leukemia. Granulocytic leukemia was also characterized by a persistently heightened expression of c-fos, while the other two types of leukemia showed negligibly low expression of the c-fos message. By contrast, both c-myc and c-myb were expressed to a similar extent in all three types of leukemia. When fresh granulocytic leukemia cells were transferred to culture in a medium containing 0.5% fetal calf serum, c-fos mRNA was decreased rapidly during incubation. The decay of c-fos mRNA was inhibited by cycloheximide markedly but was not changed significantly by actinomycin D. In the culture containing 10% fetal calf serum, the rate of decay of c-fos mRNA was slowed down significantly. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP rapidly restored the c-fos expression and kept it elevated for at least 2 h in the cultured granulocytic leukemia cells. Phorbol ester (TPA) and calcium ionophore A23187 also caused a rapid but transient c-fos expression. A transient c-fos expression was inducible by TPA in the other two types of leukemia cells and in the granulocytic leukemia cells. The results suggest that the persistent expression of c-fos is distinguished from its transient expression and is characteristic for granulocytic leukemia cells as it is for normal mature granulocytes.
Animals↗
Intracellular signal transduction for interleukin-1 beta-induced endothelin production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
The authors investigated the intracellular signal transduction for interleukin (IL)-1 beta-induced endothelin (ET) production by endothelial cells from cultured human umbilical vein (HUVEC). Cultured HUVEC released immunoreactive (iR)-ET into the media in a time-dependent manner and a significant increase of iR-ET production was observed by the addition of IL-1 beta. The stimulating effect of IL-1 beta on iR-ET production was respectively inhibited by protein kinase C (C kinase) inhibitor (H-7), Ca-calmodulin inhibitor (W-7), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A kinase) inhibitor (H-8) and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (genistain) in a dose-dependent fashion. The data suggested that intracellular signal transduction for IL-1 beta-induced iR-ET production were via such pathways as C kinase, A kinase, Ca-calmodulin and tyrosine kinase in combination or independently, though possible mediation by other pathways cannot be ruled out.
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
Low-dose rate telecobalt therapy as a boost against esophageal carcinomas.
The results of treating 54 esophageal carcinomas with low-dose rate telecobalt therapy (LDRT) as a boost were compared with those of treating 97 esophageal carcinomas with conventionally fractionated irradiation alone (CFI). The LDRT (100 cGy/hr, 500 to 700 cGy/day, a total dose of 1400 to 2000 cGy) was boosted at 10 days after 6000 cGy of the CFI dose. Although the LDRT group included more advanced cases than the CFI group, local effects and survival rates in the former group were slightly better than in the latter group. Late complications were more severe in the LDRT group. However, they were acceptable when the total dose administered to this group was less than 8000 cGy. Using LDRT as a boost against esophageal carcinomas was found to be satisfactory therapeutically.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Deoxyspergualin, a novel immunosuppressant, markedly inhibits human mixed lymphocyte reaction and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in vitro.
Deoxyspergualin (DSG) has demonstrated potent immunosuppressive activities in vivo. However, because of its lability in culture medium, the mechanism of activity has not yet been identified in vitro. In this study, a more stable analogue, deoxymethylspergualin (MeDSG), was used to investigate the in vitro immunosuppressive activity of DSG. MeDSG suppressed both human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity at doses greater than 0.1 micrograms/ml in vitro. In kinetics studies, MeDSG was found to suppress a MLR when added on day 3 of a 7 day MLR incubation but cyclosporin A (CYA) suppressed a MLR only when added during the initial stage of a MLR (i.e. on day 1). In studies of cell surface phenotype in the MLR, MeDSG treatment decreased the numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes but those of CD4+ lymphocytes were not affected. In addition, MeDSG had no significant effect on interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression or IL-2 production. These results suggest that MeDSG suppresses the T-cells which are proliferating competent cells such as cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+), but has a different mode of immunosuppressive action compared with CYA.
Cyclosporine↗
Myeloprotective activity of deoxyspergualin: influence on splenic colony-forming cell injury and antitumor activity of mitomycin C in mice.
We have examined the efficacy of deoxyspergualin (DSG) in protecting splenic colony-forming cells (CFU-S) from mitomycin C (MMC)-induced damage. The main findings of the study are as follows. (1) When DSG was administered at doses of 1.5 and 3 mg/kg for 7 days before the MMC injection, the decrease of the femoral CFU-S caused by MMC was diminished on the day after the MMC injection. The optimal dose was found to be 3 mg/kg. (2) In animals receiving 3 mg/kg DSG for at least 3 days preceding the MMC injection, the femoral CFU-S was more than 200% of that in the MMC alone group one day after the MMC injection. (3) The number of femoral CFU-S in the mice which received 3 mg/kg DSG for 3 days prior to MMC was significantly restored day by day and reached 70% of normal at 5 days after the MMC injection, while it was only 13% of normal in the MMC alone group. Moreover, the prior DSG administration significantly diminished the MMC toxicity to circulating platelets. (4) DSG administration (3 mg/kg) 3 days prior to MMC did not weaken the antitumor activity against colon 26 adenocarcinoma or P388 leukemia when compared with MMC alone. These findings have shown the ability of DSG specifically to protect the animals against bone marrow toxicity caused by MMC without interfering with the antitumor activity.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Ten-year survivors with multiple myeloma.
Of 130 Japanese patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma who were treated between 1970 and 1989, nine (6.9%) patients survived for more than 10 years. Younger age, low and intermediate tumour mass, chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, the disappearance of myeloma protein, and a positive response to retreatment were correlated with long-term survival.
Aged↗
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with histological features of neoplastic angioendotheliosis.
Three cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, B-cell type, identical histologically to so-called neoplastic angioendotheliosis (NAE), are reported. All showed a rapidly progressive clinical course and were not properly diagnosed before death. The lymphoma cells were distributed in many vessels of systemic organs with a tendency to form aggregates. The primary sites in the three cases were probably the adrenal gland, lymph node, and spleen, respectively. In particular, in one case it was suggested that the lymphoma cells had spread from the adrenal tumor to other organs, showing the histological features of NAE. In the literature, the primary sites of NAE have been scarcely mentioned. However, gross tumors were present in some cases. In such cases, it is possible that the tumors could be the primary sites of NAE. We conclude that some non-Hodgkin's lymphomas can exhibit the features of NAE during their course, particularly in the terminal stages.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Prognostic relevance of morphological classification in multiple myeloma.
One hundred and twenty-two patients with multiple myeloma were classified as mature, intermediate, immature, or plasmablastic subtype according to Greipp's criteria. Contrary to Greipp's report, the survival time of plasmablastic myeloma was not significantly shorter than other subtypes, nor was the plasmablastic subtype identified as a poor prognostic factor. The survival time of mature plus intermediate myeloma was significantly longer than that of immature plus plasmablastic myeloma. Between the former and latter, significant differences were found for sex, clinical stage, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow plasmacytosis, renal insufficiency, bone destruction, and response rate to treatment. Therefore, it was suspected that the immature and plasmablastic subtypes were unfavorable prognostic factors in patients with multiple myeloma.
Aged↗
Intraoperative radiation therapy combined with hyperthermia against pancreatic carcinoma.
Fourteen patients with pancreatic carcinoma were treated by intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) combined with hyperthermia (hyperthermia group). Their treatment results were compared with those of fifty five patients treated by IORT without hyperthermia (control group). Most of patients underwent some kind of chemotherapy for the carcinoma and some of them received post-operative irradiation. Although there was no significant difference in pain relief between hyperthermia group and control group, the local tumor control rate of the former group was a little better. The survival rate of all patients was 14.5% at one year, 2.9% at two years, 2.9% at three years and 0% at four years after surgery. The survival rate of the hyperthermia group was 21.4% at one year and 7.1% at two years and that of the control group was 12.7% at one year and 1.8% at two years. The survival of the hyperthermia group was a little better than that of control group, but the difference was not significant. Only 36% of patients of hyperthermia group were successfully heated, and if hyperthermia were given successfully to all patients, their prognoses would be possibly improved.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Treatment results by uneven fractionated irradiation, low-dose rate telecobalt therapy as a boost, and intraoperative irradiation for malignant glioma.
The prognosis of malignant glioma is extremely poor. We applied conventionally fractionated irradiation combined with 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU), uneven fractionated irradiation with ACNU, low dose rate telecobalt therapy as a boost, and intraoperative irradiation against 110 malignant gliomas to investigate the efficacy of these methods as alternative treatments for malignant glioma. Although local tumor control by uneven fractionated irradiation was better than that by the other methods, no significant improvement was obtained in survival rates. As a result of multiple regression analysis, age and histology were major factors for survival rates, and the difference of treatment methods was not important. Both low-dose rate telecobalt therapy as a boost and intraoperative irradiation showed little advantage because of the high risk of brain necrosis associated with them.
Adolescent↗
Radioresponse and prognosis of malignant glioma.
Radioresponse and prognosis of 91 malignant gliomas were studied to examine the efficacy of radiotherapy. There was no case of complete response. No statistically significant difference was observed among the prognoses of patients with various radiation methods. General survival rate was significantly higher than relapse-free survival rate both in astrocytoma grade III and in glioblastoma. This means that the retreatment after relapse is exceedingly important in any malignant glioma. In comparison with reported resection alone data, the efficiency of radiotherapy was evident in astrocytoma grade III and a part of glioblastoma; cases with minimal or no contrast enhanced area (CEA) in CT scans prior to irradiation. Poor radioresponders of glioblastoma with CEA should be reoperated.
Adolescent↗
Prognostic factors in radiation-treated esophageal carcinoma.
Prognostic factors in esophageal carcinoma treated with irradiation were examined. The prognosis of 111 patients without metastasis who had received more than 60 Gy was analyzed. Significant associations were found between survival rates and tumor length, stage, radioresponse of the primary tumor and the s.c. X-P classification based on barium contrast radiography; superficial type (tumor limited to the surface of the esophageal wall), tumorous type (solid mass without ulceration), Ul-A type (tumor with shallow ulceration with regular margin), Ul-B type (tumor with deep ulceration or irregular ulcer margin), and funneled type (tumor invading the esophageal wall in a scirrhous pattern). In multiple regression analysis, the X-P classification had the strongest correlation with survival and the survival rates of patients with the superficial type, the tumorous type and the s.c. Ul-A type were significantly higher than those of patients with the other tumor types (p < 0.001).
Aged↗
Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the small intestine.
We report a case of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma (PEMP), IgA kappa type, with a long clinical history, in a 64-year-old Japanese woman. In this case, PEMP occurred primarily in the jejunum and then recurred in several organs, specifically the spleen and stomach, and in the subcutaneous tissue, over a period of about 16 years. However, examination of bone marrow aspirates on several occasions continued to show no plasmacytoma involvement. The patient is still living. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed monoclonal IgA kappa immunoglobulin in the cytoplasm of infiltrating plasma cells in all surgical specimens examined. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed serum M-component only when the patient had a splenic tumor. Soon after splenectomy, the serum M-component disappeared. PEMP of the small intestine is rare.
Female↗