Biomedical subjects

K Nakata

Publications and source records attributed to K Nakata.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Antibacterial activity of two chalcones, xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin, isolated from the root of Angelica keiskei KOIDZUMI.

Two chalcones, xanthoangelol (I) and 4-hydroxyderricin (II), isolated from the root of Angelica keiskei KOIDZUMI (Umbelliferae) showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. The activity of I on Micrococcus luteus IFO-12708 (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.76 microgram/ml) was the same potency as that of gentamicin, which is used as a standard. Although the activity of both chalcones on plant-pathogenic bacteria was lower than that of streptomycin sulfate, used as a positive control, they also exhibited growth-inhibitory effects. The antibacterial activity of I isolated from Angelica keiskei KOIDZUMI is being reported here for the first time. The growth-inhibitory effect of II on plant-pathogenic bacteria is also reported for the first time in this paper.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

[Releasing properties of water soluble drug in internal water phase of W/O/W multiple emulsions].

A stable water/liquid paraffin system water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion was prepared by the two-step procedure of emulsification using a variety of nonionic emulsifying agents, such as Span 80 and Tween 20. After comparison of the releasing properties of such water soluble drugs as cefadroxil, cephradine, 4-aminoantipyrine and antipyrine which were entrapped separately in the inner aqueous phase of the W/O/W multiple emulsion, a large difference was observed. It was ascertained that the difference in these releasing properties was due to no physical rupture by the microscopic observation and the results of the release test of W/O/W multiple emulsion with two kinds of drugs entrapped simultaneously in an inner aqueous phase. This reason was presumed to be dependent on permeation in the oily phase of the drug itself. It was proved that the differences of releasing properties tended to depend on the molecular weight and were closely related to the drug concentration of outer aqueous phase of W/O/W multiple emulsion containing the drug in both aqueous phases prepared as an experimental model. Therefore, two possible mechanisms for the releasing of drugs in W/O/W multiple emulsion may be interpreted as follows: the first is that the mixed and inversed micelles formed by Span 80 and Tween 20 agents in the oily phase act as a carrier of drugs, and the second is that drug molecules diffuse through small pore existing in very thin lamella of the emulsifying agents partially formed in the oil layer owing to the fluctuation of the thickness.

Ampyrone↗

PubMed1991

[The protective effect of (4R)-hexahydro-7, 7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1, 2, 5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443), a novel cyclic disulfide, on acetaminophen-induced liver injury].

Effects of (4R)-hexahydro-7, 7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1, 2, 5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443) on acetaminophen-induced liver injury were investigated in BALB/c mice. SA3443 (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently suppressed the elevation of serum transaminase activities and the histological changes of liver induced by acetaminophen (150 mg/kg, p.o.). The compound at the same doses also reduced the mortality due to the lethal acute hepatic failure induced by acetaminophen (350 mg/kg, p.o.). Other hepatoprotective agents, cianidanol (500 mg/kg, p.o.), malotilate (100 mg/kg, p.o.), grycyrrhizine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and cysteine (300 mg/kg, p.o.) similarly reduced it. SA3443 had no effect on glutathione (GSH) contents in the liver of normal mice, but it dose-dependently suppressed the decrease of GSH contents in the liver of BALB/c mice treated with acetaminophen. These results suggest that SA3443, a novel cyclic disulfide, provides considerable protection against acetaminophen-induced liver injury and that one of the modes of the hepatoprotective action of this compound is suppression of the decrease of GSH contents in the liver.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1991

The protective effects of (4R)-hexahydro-7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,2,5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443), a novel cyclic disulfide, on chemically-induced acute liver injury.

The effects of SA3443, a novel cyclic disulfide compound, on acute liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), D-galactosamine and DL-ethionine were studied in rats or mice. SA3443 (100-300 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly suppressed the increases of serum transaminase activity and liver triglyceride content in the CCl4 or DL-ethionine-induced model. Furthermore, SA3443 (300 mg/kg, p.o.) clearly reduced the formation of hepatic lipid peroxide in CCl4-treated rats. These results indicate that SA3443 protects the liver against acute liver injury.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1991

Distribution of argininosuccinate synthetase-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat myenteric plexus: a whole mount study.

The distribution of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS)-like immunoreactive neurons in the myenteric plexus of the rat alimentary tract were immunocytochemically studied using whole-mount tissues. The present study revealed ASS-like immunoreactive meshworks of ganglia and interconnecting nerve strands in the myenteric plexus of almost all parts of the alimentary tract. ASS-like immunoreactive neurons constituted about 11% of the myenteric cell.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Induction of cytotoxic cell activities by a novel cyclic disulfide compound, SA3443 in vivo.

(4R)-Hexahydro-7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,2,5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443) is a newly synthesized cyclic disulfide compound which offers potential hepatoprotective properties. The effect of SA3443 on the induction of natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities was investigated. NK activity in BALB/c mice splenic cells was investigated using YAC-1 cells as target cells. SA3443, at a dose range of 30-300 mg/kg/day, augmented NK activity significantly when administered orally once daily for 4 days before the assay. Alloantigen-specific CTL activity in splenic cells from BALB/c mice was detected 9 days after sensitization with C57BL/6 mice splenic detected 9 days after sensitization with C57BL/6 mice splenic cells. SA3443, at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, augmented CTL activity significantly when administered orally, once daily for 4 days beginning after the sensitization and for 2 days before the assay, while a high dose of SA3443, at 300 mg/kg, suppressed CTL activity. From these results, it is thought that SA3443 may assist in the elimination of hepatitis viruses from the liver in patients with chronic active hepatitis, by the activation of NK and/or CTL activities.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1991

[The role of stagnancy of urinary flow in causing urinary tract infection].

A basic and clinical study was made on the significance of stagnancy of urinary flow as a factor causing urinary tract infections. A bacterial solution was inoculated into the bladder of untreated and diabetic mice with model ascending pyelonephritis. The longer the external urethral opening was clamped, the lower became the value of ID50, thus showing infection easily caused by urinary stagnancy in the bladder. Patients who had UTI within 6 months after prostatic operation were divided into two groups, one with residual urine and the other without residual urine. Then, the type of the causative organism, and the severity of pyuria and bacteriuria were determined. In the former, there were slightly more patients with infection caused by plural bacteria. However, no other differences were observed. The administration of cephem antibiotics revealed no differences in effectiveness between the two groups. In conclusion, stagnancy of urinary flow has been considered a factor easily causing infection. However, so far as residual urine is concerned, it is not an intractable factor in treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

SA3443, a novel cyclic disulfide compound, depresses anti-SRBC antibody-forming cell responses in the mouse through inhibition of antigen-presenting cell activities.

(4R)-Hexahydro-7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,2,5-dithiazocine-4-carboxylic acid (SA3443) is a newly synthesized cyclic disulfide compound which has potential hepatoprotective properties. The effect of SA3443 on the induction of anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque (antibody) forming cell (PFC) responses was investigated in vivo and in vitro. SA3443 (approximately 3 mg/kg/day) remarkably decreased the number of anti-SRBC PFC in the spleens of mice immunized with a high dose of SRBC in vivo. The addition of SA3443 (approximately 1 x 10(-7) M) at the initiation of mouse spleen cell cultures in vitro also exerted a significant inhibitory effect on subsequent PFC response to SRBC, and removal of SA3443 after 24 h did not reverse its inhibitory effect. Pre-incubation of isolated adherent spleen cells with SRBC and SA3443 resulted in a similar inhibition of subsequent PFC response, but a pre-incubation of macrophage-depleted cells with SRBC and SA3443 or a pre-incubation of the unseparated spleen cells with SA3443 in the absence of SRBC had no effect. These findings have suggested that SA3443 may depress antibody response through inhibition of macrophage antigen-presenting cell activity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1991

[Familial outbreak of psittacosis].

Three familial cases of psittacosis are reported. The first case was a 46-year-old woman, the second case, her 18-year-old daughter. Both of them often visited the house of the third case, a 49-year-old women, who was the elder sister of case 1 and who took care of the chick of a budgerigar which she kept in the house. Case 1 came to our hospital with abrupt onset of fever, headache, nausea and general malaise. Because she was suspected to have meningitis, she was admitted to the Department of Neurology. On admission, her chest X-ray film showed bilateral ground glass shadows. She also had hypoxemia and liver dysfunction. On learning of her history of contact with the chick, psittacosis was suspected. Case 2 suffered from fever and headache. Her chest X-ray film revealed opaque infiltration in the right lower lung field. Case 3 complained of fever, headache and vomiting. Her chest X-ray film showed fan-shaped faint shadows in the left upper, middle and lower lung fields. We interpreted these findings as showing psittacosis based on anamnesis. The result of the complement fixation (CF) antibody titer against chlamydia was 1:32 in cases 2 and 3, enabling a serological diagnosis of psittacosis. The corresponding result was 1:16 in case 1. Although the CF antibody titer showed no increase, we diagnosed the case clinically as psittacosis. It is difficult to correctly diagnose psittacosis only from the physical findings and chest X-ray films. Detailed anamnesis, in particular taking a history of exposure to birds, is an important clue for diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with marked infiltration in calf muscle].

A 64-year-old male developed pain and marked swelling of his left calf muscle in September, 1989. Deep-vein thrombophlebitis was suspected, and therapy with warfarin sodium followed by urokinase was instituted. Because of unsatisfactory effect of the therapy, the patient was referred to another hospital on January 3rd 1990. A CT scan of the left leg showed a soft-tissue mass adjacent to the fibula. A biopsy of the mass revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of diffuse medium-sized cell type. Immunohistologic examination confirmed B cell type. He was admitted to our hospital on January 31st 1990. A chest roentgenogram showed right pleural effusion. A CT scan of the abdomen revealed a space-occupying lesion in the liver. A Gallium scintigraphy showed markedly increased isotope uptake in the left calf and liver. He was classed as a Stage IV B. He responded well to combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, THP-adriamycin, VP-16, and prednisolone and achieved a complete remission. Although prominent infiltration of lymphoma cells in skeletal muscles is rarely reported, it is important to perform the biopsy promptly when the mass is found in a muscle. In this case report, we describe a rare case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with muscle invasion presented as marked calf muscle swelling.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

[Modified CHOP therapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

From July 1983 to December 1989, 31 previously untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with modified CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 on day 1, aclacinomycin 40 mg/m2 on day 1, vincristine 0.7 mg/m2 on day 1 and prednisolone 40 mg/m2 on days 1-5). The therapy was repeated at 2-week intervals. The complete response rate was 66.7% for clinical stage (CS) II according to the Ann Arbor criteria, 60.0% for CS III and 33.3% for CS IV, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 100% for CS II, 36.6% for CS III and 34.6% for CS IV, respectively. Clinical effects of modified CHOP regimen were almost the same as those of other therapies including adriamycin from the standpoint of 5-year survival rate. On the other hand, the myelosuppression accompanying modified CHOP therapy was not severe. Only one patient had a white blood count below 1,000/microliters during 6 courses of the therapy. It is thought that this regimen is useful to enhance the quality of life of patients because of no severe complications such as myelosuppression.

Aclarubicin↗

PubMed1990

Changes in HBsAg carrier rate in Goto Islands, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

Annual mass examinations in an area where hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is very prevalent revealed that 12.1% of inhabitants born during 1946-50 were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), compared with only 0.6% of those born during 1971-75. To find out why the HBV carrier rate has fallen, changes in the modes of HBV infection were examined. The HBsAg positivity rate among mothers who gave birth to HBV carrier children in 1965 and before was 26.8% and that for such mothers whose babies were born in 1966 and after was 66.7%, whereas the HBsAg positivity rate among children born to HBV carrier mothers in 1965 and before and in 1966 and after were 30.8% and 28.3%, respectively. None of the 503 inhabitants who had no HBV markers in 1976 had become carriers by 1981. These findings indicate that the decrease in the prevalence of HBV carriage is caused mainly by the reduction in occurrence of horizontal transmission of HBV in infancy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Role of sinusoidal pressure in the development of vacuolation in liver cells.

Vacuolation of liver cells, which is often seen in patients with right-sided heart failure, is sometimes confused with fatty change, but the contents are components of blood. This study was undertaken using an isolated rat liver perfusion model to clarify the pathogenesis of vacuolation of liver cells. It has been demonstrated that (1) hypoxia alone cannot cause vacuolation; (2) elevation of the sinusoidal pressure leads to vacuoles in liver cells, irrespective of the oxygen content of the perfusate; and (3) the number and size of vacuoles are proportional to the height of the sinusoidal pressure, but not to the oxygen content of the perfusate. The reason why vacuolation generally appears in the pericentral area in patients with right-sided heart failure may be that the sinusoidal pressure in this area rises in parallel with the inferior vena cava pressure.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The fate of vacuolation in liver cells with special reference to hyaline globules.

This study was undertaken in rats to clarify the mechanisms and time necessary for recovery from vacuolation in liver cells. Vacuoles were produced by congestion of the liver due to constriction of the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm, and changes in vacuoles were examined quantitatively and qualitatively until 24 h after release of the constriction. Vacuoles in liver cells decreased in number by half within 5 min after recovery from congestion. The remaining vacuoles metamorphosed to hyaline globules by condensation of the contents. The number of hyaline globules increased with a peak occurring at 3-6 h after recovery from congestion, although the number of vacuoles decreased gradually. Only a few small vacuoles and hyaline globules were found in liver cells in pericentral areas at 24 h after recovery from congestion. These data indicate that vacuoles may be discharged promptly from the liver cell cytoplasm after recovery from congestion, and the remaining vacuoles may metamorphose to hyaline globules by condensation of the contents and finally fade into the cytoplasm.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The relation of periportal fibrosis to portal hypertension.

To clarify the relation of periportal fibrosis to portal hypertension, the present study was undertaken in rats given lithocholate. Portal vascular resistance measured by an isolated liver perfusion method increased with the length of lithocholate administration. In vivo portal vein pressure elevation was closely correlated to the increase in portal vascular resistance. The blood pressure difference between the portal vein and the terminal portal venule increased compared to control rats. The blood pressure differences between the terminal portal venule and the terminal hepatic venule, and between the terminal hepatic venule and the inferior vena cava, were almost the same as those in control rats. Lithocholate administration induced narrowing and meandering of the portal vein branches due to periportal fibrosis with proliferation of bile ductules. There was no perceptible change in the sinusoids and the hepatic vein branches. These data suggest that periportal fibrosis causes deformation of the peripheral branches of the portal vein and leads to presinusoidal portal hypertension.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1990

Isolation and some properties of acid phosphatase-1(1) from tomato leaves.

An isozyme of acid phosphatase-1, acid phosphatase-1(1), was purified from the leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) to homogeneity and characterized. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate. The gel filtration analysis showed that the native molecule had a relative molecular mass of about 61 kilodaltons (kDa). The relative molecular mass of the subunit on gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate was about 32 kDa, indicating that the native form of the enzyme was a homodimer. It was suggested by periodic acid-Schiff staining on the gel that the enzyme was a glycoprotein. The Km for p-nitrophenylphosphate was 2.9 x 10(-3) M. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 4.5 in 0.15 M potassium acetate buffer with p-nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate. This enzyme was activated by divalent metal ions, such as Zn2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. The N-terminal amino acids were sequenced after the purified enzyme was treated with pyroglutamylpeptidase. It was suggested that the N-terminal amino acid was pyroglutamate.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1990

[A case report of pleural involvement in primary macroglobulinemia].

A case of primary macroglobulinemia with pleural and gastric involvement was presented. A 48-year-old female was admitted with productive cough. On physical examination neither lymphoadenopathy nor hepatosplenomegaly were found. In addition, no bleeding tendency nor disturbance of the visual acuity were detected. Her chest roentgenogram showed a moderate amount of pleural effusion in the left pleural cavity without infiltration in the lung fields and no evidence of swollen hilar or mediastinal lymphnodes. A monoclonal M-band of to IgM-kappa type was observed in her serum and the pleural effusion. The diffuse ulcerative lesion in the gastric mucosa was detected by gastrofiberscopy. The lymphoid cells taken from the pleural effusion and the gastric mucosa stained positively with fluorescein-conjugated antiserum to u or the kappa chain. Pleural effusion and gastric infiltration of lymphoid cells improved remarkably following ACOP therapy.

Female↗

PubMed1990

Immunoscintigraphy of human tumors transplanted in nude mice with radiolabeled anti-ras p21 monoclonal antibodies.

Anti-ras p21 monoclonal antibody (RASK-3) was used for immunoscintigraphy of human cancer cell lines in nude mice. Iodine-125-labeled RASK-3 was injected into nude mice with either human colon cancers (FCC-1 or BM-314) or lung cancer (KNS-62). Clear images were obtained in all three cancers 7 days after the injection of antibody. No localization of 125I-labeled control monoclonal antibody was observed. The ratio of tissue/blood radioactivity and % ID/g in the tumor were significantly higher than other organs by Day 8. The specific localization index examined by 131I-RASK-3 and 125I-control monoclonal antibody was also higher in the tumor than in other tissues. In the in vitro study, binding of RASK-3 to tumor cells increased significantly by treatment of cells with either lysolecithin or periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde, which confirmed the intracellular localization of ras p21. The mechanism by which anti-ras p21 antibodies accumulate in tumor sites could be the necrotic changes in tumor cells or changes in membrane permeability of non-necrotic cells. These results provide a strong rationale for the utilization of ras p21 as a target antigen in the imaging of a variety of human cancers.

Animals↗