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Biomedical subjects

K Nakata

Publications and source records attributed to K Nakata.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Embryological study of the spinal ligaments in human fetuses.

We studied embryological development of the human spinal ligaments by dissecting 25 fetuses that ranged from 6 to 24 weeks of gestational age. At 6 and 7 weeks, the spine consisted of light zones and dark zones. The light zones were hypocellular and corresponded to vertebral bodies. The dark zones were hypercellular and corresponded to intervertebral disks. The anterior longitudinal ligament was identified at the gestational age of 8 weeks. At 10 weeks, the posterior longitudinal ligament was detected. At 12 weeks, laminae, the ligamentum flavum, and an ossification center were identified. At 15 weeks, fibers of the ligamentum flavum became clearer, but they were not as well as stained as the adult ligamentum flavum. The enthesis of the ligaments in the human fetuses was not completely identical to that in adults.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1994

[A case of IgG-kappa type multiple myeloma complicated by Fanconi syndrome].

Fanconi syndrome is characterized by some absorptive defects of proximal renal tubules. It is observed either primarily, or secondarily to various diseases. A case of multiple myeloma complicated by Fanconi syndrome is reported. The patient was a 62-year-old female. The serum total protein was elevated, and monoclonal IgG-kappa protein was found on serum immunoelectrophoresis. Urinary Bence Jones protein was positive. Bone marrow aspiration disclosed increased dysplastic plasma cells, which led to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. A diagnosis of Fanconi syndrome was based on renal glycosuria, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and panaminoaciduria due to abnormal excretion from the kidney, and metabolic acidosis. After chemotherapy for multiple myeloma, serum IgG level and urine sugar decreased, and serum potassium level was corrected.

Bence Jones Protein↗
PubMed1994

Progressive migration in bipolar arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to congenital dislocation.

Seventy-one hips with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital dislocation underwent bipolar arthroplasty with autologous bone grafting (grafted group) or without bone grafting (ungrafted group). Clinical and radiographic followup was performed; the average followup was 5.7 years (range, 3-11.3 years). At followup, the mean Merle d'Aubigné and Postel score was 14.3 points. Excellent or good results were achieved in only 50% of all cases. The mean extent of prosthetic head migration was 6.5 mm in the grafted group and 4.7 mm in the ungrafted group. Progressive migration occurred in 68% of the grafted group and in 43% of the ungrafted group. There was a significant negative correlation between the extent of migration of the outer head and the coverage of the outer head by the original acetabulum (R = 0.53). In the grafted group, the revision rate for failure of the outer head of the prosthesis was 60% at 6 years postoperatively. In the grafted group, progressive migration was more extensive and more frequently than in the ungrafted group. Extensive migration was also observed when there was adequate coverage of the outer head by host bone in the ungrafted group. In conclusion, bipolar arthroplasty is not recommended for osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip dislocation because of the poor clinical outcome, high risk of significant progressive migration, and high revision rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Intractable respiratory infections].

Silent aspiration would be major factor which predispose the bacterial infections in aged patients. Sixty-seven strains were isolated from culture positive cases. Anaerobes, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa were the more frequently isolated strains of bacteria. Gram-negative rods were apparent in 39%, and Anaerobes were 19%, of 67 strains. Patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis are frequently affected by P. aeruginosa superinfection. The patients with longer duration, more severe lung function and more deteriorated roentgenological findings developed P. aeruginosa superinfection more easily. These infection in the lower respiratory tract significantly affect the prognosis of DPB patients. Using long-term administration of erythromycin against DPB, acute exacerbation were controlled in some patients and the frequency of their admission to hospital was lessened.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Sparganosis].

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Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical experience with the CHAUX multi-purpose retractor].

We have performed dissection of the ITA using the CHAUX retractor in many patients. This retractor is a two-point sternal/IMA and valve retractor, with four sternal blades with individual and independent dual movement. The sliding sternal blade assemblies permit movement along the horizontal plane of the side arm. This retractor can be used for other types of cardiac surgery, as well. We obtained good results with its use for repair of distal aortic arch aneurysm. We conclude that this retractor is safe and useful for cardiac surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Autosomal dominant hypoalphalipoproteinemia due to a completely defective apolipoprotein A-I gene.

Primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia is associated with atherosclerosis and exhibits significant familial aggregation. To reveal the presence of autosomal dominant hypoalphalipoproteinemia due to a completely defective apolipoprotein A-I gene, the apolipoprotein A-I gene was analyzed in a Japanese family with low levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I. An insertion of a C in the region of the seven C run between codons 3 and 5 was detected in the apolipoprotein A-I gene. The heterozygous state for the mutation was associated with approximately 50% of the normal HDL cholesterol levels and of the normal apolipoprotein A-I levels. The data suggest that a part of familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia might be an autosomal dominant trait due to a completely defective apolipoprotein A-I gene.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma based on altered profiles of alpha-fetoprotein.

BACKGROUND: The sugar-chain structures of circulating alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas differ from those in patients with cirrhosis. We studied the reactivity of alpha-fetoprotein with two lectins, Lens culinaris agglutinin A and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin, to monitor the evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Among 361 patients with cirrhosis caused mainly by chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection, 33 with base-line serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations > or = 30 ng per milliliter or more were found to have hepatocellular carcinomas during a mean follow-up of 35 months. The lectin-reactive profiles of the alpha-fetoprotein in the serum of these 33 patients were analyzed and compared with those in the serum of 32 patients with cirrhosis who had increased base-line serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations and were followed for at least 24 months but in whom hepatocellular carcinoma did not develop. RESULTS: At the time of tumor detection, 24 (73 percent) of the 33 patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma had higher percentages of L. culinaris agglutinin A-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-fetoprotein L3), erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-fetoprotein P4+P5), or both than the 32 patients with cirrhosis but no hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the 24 patients, one or both of the markers were first elevated 3 to 18 months before the hepatocellular carcinoma was detected by imaging techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of the alpha-fetoprotein L3 and alpha-fetoprotein P4+P5 fractions of serum alpha-fetoprotein allow the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhosis in some cases and serve as predictive markers for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma during the follow-up of patients with cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Osteoarthritis associated with mild chondrodysplasia in transgenic mice expressing alpha 1(IX) collagen chains with a central deletion.

Type IX collagen, containing molecules of the three distinct polypeptides alpha 1(IX), alpha 2(IX), and alpha 3(IX), is an interesting hybrid extracellular matrix component in cartilage and eye tissues, with the properties of both a proteoglycan and a collagen. The alpha 1 (IX) chain has two forms, as a result of the tissue-specific utilization of two alternative promoters; the alpha 2(IX) chain carries a covalently attached glycosaminoglycan side chain. We have introduced a gene construct controlled by a tissue-specific promoter/enhancer and expressing a truncated alpha 1(IX) chain into mice. Examination of the offspring of two different founders revealed pathological changes similar to osteoarthritis in the articular cartilage of knee joints. In addition, mice homozygous for the transgene developed mild chondrodysplasia (i.e., mild dwarfism, anterior tonguing in the vertebral bodies, and ophthalmopathy). The relative ratio of transgene product to the endogenous alpha 1(IX) chain was approximately one in homozygotes and less than one in heterozygotes. Therefore, the phenotypic severity correlated well with the level of transgene expression. These findings suggest that mutations in type IX collagen genes may cause certain forms of osteoarthritis and chondrodysplasia in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very closely associated with chronic liver disease. In the present study, the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as a causative role in the development of HCC was analysed in 253 patients with HCC, who were admitted to our hospital during 1976-90. Among these patients, 68 (27%) were positive for HBsAg but negative for anti-HCV antibody (group I); in contrast, 147 (58%) were negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HCV antibody (group II), 19 (7.5%) were both positive (group III), and 19 (7.5%) were both negative (group IV). To evaluate the serial changes in the prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody, changes in the number of patients were compared between group I and group II. The number of group I patients reached a peak during 1982-84 and was thereafter followed by a decreasing trend, whereas the number of group II patients steadily increased and reached a plateau over 6 recent years. These results suggest that HCV infection recently seems to play a more important role in the development of HCC than chronic HBV infection, even in the Nagasaki Prefecture, where the HBV carrier rate is higher than elsewhere in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effects of solvent preservation with or without gamma irradiation on the material properties of canine tendon allografts.

We studied the effects of solvent preservation with and without gamma irradiation on the material properties and morphology of canine tendons. Twenty-four paired tendons were harvested from both hind limbs of eight dogs. The tendons from the right legs were divided into three treatment groups of eight tendons each. In the first group, the tendons were subjected to solvent preservation for sterilization and drying (solvent group). In the second group, the tendons were treated in the same manner and then were sterilized by gamma irradiation (solvent/gamma group). The same treatments were applied to the tendons in the third group but in reverse order (gamma/solvent group). Tendons from the contralateral left legs were frozen immediately for use as controls for each corresponding treatment group. Histologically, the tendons treated with solvent, with or without gamma irradiation, had a more prominent wavy pattern in the collagen fibers than the control tendons. Mechanically, the tangent moduli for the solvent, solvent/gamma, and gamma/solvent groups were 58, 53, and 99%, respectively, of each contralateral control. The respective tensile strengths were 85, 39, and 86% of that of the contralateral control. The tendons in the solvent/gamma group underwent the most severe changes in material properties; the tendons in the gamma/solvent group changed the least. This suggests that gamma irradiation followed by solvent drying is the procedure of choice for the preservation of tendon allografts.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

gamma delta T-cell receptor-positive cells of human skin. II. Appearance in delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.

In order to investigate the distribution and involvement of human gamma delta T-cell receptor-positive (TCR+) cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions of the skin, we examined the occurrence and kinetics of gamma delta TCR+ cells during skin reactions of allergic contact dermatitis. In normal human skin sections, gamma delta TCR+ cells were scarce. In allergic contact dermatitis from DNCB, increased gamma delta TCR+ cells were observed both in the epidermis and in the dermis from 48 h after the challenge. Most of the gamma delta TCR+ cells were TCR delta 1+ delta TCS1- BB3+ Ti gamma A+ (V delta 1- V delta 2+ V gamma 9+). The percentage of gamma delta TCR+ cells in the peripheral blood remained unchanged and a few gamma delta TCR+ cells in the skin lesions proliferated in situ. It is suggested that the gamma delta TCR+ cells in skin lesions of allergic contact dermatitis may not be involved in initiation of delayed-type hypersensitivity but may have some other roles responding to factors induced in the reaction.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
PubMed1993

Pancreatic tissue damage by transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatoma.

We analyzed the serial changes in serum pancreatic enzyme activities by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in 20 hepatoma patients with liver cirrhosis in an attempt to evaluate the incidence of the pancreatic tissue damage by TAE. Serum amylase activities increased in two (10%) cases, elastase 1 levels in six (30%) cases, and trypsin and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) levels in each of five (25%) cases. Consequently, TAE resulted in the elevation of at least more than one serum pancreatic enzyme in eight (40%) of 20 cases, although none had clinical symptoms related to pancreatitis. When the adverse effect on the pancreatic tissue was compared among 6 cases of the superselective TAE and 14 cases of the nonsuperselective TAE, which were performed from the segmental and the nonsegmental hepatic arteries, respectively, the elevation of serum pancreatic enzymes was caused only by nonsuperselective TAE, not by superselective TAE. The volumes of Spongel and Lipiodol used or the injected doses of the anticancer agent mitomycin C were not different between the two groups. These results indicate that TAE for the treatment of hepatoma frequently causes pancreatic tissue damage, and the position of the inserted catheter tip is very important to avoid the pancreatic tissue damage by TAE.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Regulation of albumin and alpha-fetoprotein gene expression by colloid osmotic pressure in human hepatoma cells.

BACKGROUND: Colloid osmotic pressure has been thought to regulate albumin synthesis; however, the exact mechanism remains obscure. In the present study, the effect of colloid osmotic pressure on the albumin and alpha-fetoprotein gene expression in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells was analyzed. METHODS: HuH-7 cells were treated with albumin or dextran (mean mol wt, 70,000), and changes in the levels of albumin and alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNA (mRNA) were analyzed by Northern blotting. Furthermore, in transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) plasmid transfection experiments, effects of colloid osmotic pressure on CAT activities were studied. RESULTS: By Northern blot analysis, the levels of both albumin and alpha-fetoprotein mRNA were dose-dependently suppressed by the elevation of colloid osmotic pressure and returned to pretreatment levels 48 hours after the culture medium containing dextran was replaced with a dextran-free fresh medium. In transient CAT plasmid transfection experiments, the increased level of colloid osmotic pressure resulted in the repression of both albumin and alpha-fetoprotein promoter activities. In contrast, alpha-fetoprotein enhancer activity, which possibly regulates not only alpha-fetoprotein but also albumin gene expression, was not affected by changes in colloid osmotic pressure. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that colloid osmotic pressure regulates both albumin and alpha-fetoprotein gene transcription through the modulation of their promoter activities.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1993

A physiological role of epidermal growth factor in cell kinetics of gastric epithelium.

Administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates DNA synthesis in gut epithelial cells and inhibits gastric acid secretion. A physiological role of EGF in cell kinetics of gastric epithelium, however, has not been fully understood. In mature male mice, large amounts of EGF are produced in the submandibular glands, and sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) causes a marked reduction of plasma EGF levels. For the evaluation of a biophysical function of EGF, sialoadenectomized mice and sham-operated mice were injected with 3H-thymidine to compare the proliferative activity and the cell-turnover of gastric epithelium between the two groups using the autoradiographic analysis. When mice were killed 90 min after a single injection of 3H-thymidine, the percentages of fundic gland mucosal cells radiolabeled in sialoadenectomized and sham-operated mice were 27.3 +/- 5.0% and 26.3 +/- 5.8% (mean +/- SD), respectively. The difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Similarly, the labeling indices of pyloric gland mucosal cells were not different between the two groups (26.7 +/- 4.3% vs 27.8 +/- 3.7%, p > 0.05). In contrast, when mice were given 17 repeated injections of 3H-thymidine at 6 hr intervals and killed 48 hr after the last injection, labeling indices in sialoadenectomized mice were significantly lower than those in sham-operated mice (35.3 +/- 4.3% vs 52.8 +/- 1.1% in the fundic gland area; 41.0 +/- 6.2% vs 55.1 +/- 5.9% in the pyloric gland area, p < 0.001, respectively). Treatment of sialoadenectomized mice with EGF (5 mg/mouse per day) completely restored the percentages of the radiolabeled cells to control levels. These findings suggest that endogenous EGF plays a major role in maintaining biological cell-turnover of the mouse gastric epithelium.

Animals↗