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Biomedical subjects

K Nakada

Publications and source records attributed to K Nakada.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Seroepidemiology of the human retrovirus (HTLV/ATLV) in Okinawa where adult T-cell leukemia is highly endemic.

A survey of carriers of antibodies to HTLV-specific antigens was made in 11 islands among 60 Okinawan islands to examine the regional variation in the prevalence of HTLV carriers. The overall seropositive rate was 21% among 7,545 adults aged 40 years or more. The incidence of virus carriers was low in only one of the 11 islands (1-6%), while it was 14-31% in the other 10 islands.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Functional role of interleukin 1 in periodontal disease: induction of interleukin 1 production by Bacteroides gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice.

Hot phenol-water-extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Bacteroides gingivalis 381 was purified by Sephadex G-100 chromatography with Tris buffer supplemented with sodium deoxycholate and EDTA (B-LPS). In the present study, B-LPS was examined for its ability to induce interleukin 1 (IL-1) production, a mitogenic response, and macrophage activation in LPS high-responder C3H/HeN and low-responder C3H/HeJ mice. A significant increase in IL-1 production was observed in C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ peritoneal macrophages treated with various doses (1.0 to 50 micrograms/ml) of B-LPS. IL-1 production by C3H/HeN macrophages treated with B-LPS (10 micrograms/ml) was about seven times greater than that by C3H/HeJ macrophages. However, the IL-1 production induced by B-LPS (10 micrograms/ml) in C3H/HeN macrophages was four times lower compared with that induced by Escherichia coli O111 B4 LPS. Also, a significant increase in IL-1 production was found in human monocytes stimulated with B-LPS. That B-LPS-induced IL-1 exhibits some molecular weight heterogeneity was indicated from Sephadex G-75 gel filtration profiles. A significant, high mitogenic response by whole spleen cells with 1 X 10(5) to 5 X 10(4) cells of either mouse strain per well treated with B-LPS (10 to 50 micrograms/ml) was observed. However, the response of C3H/HeJ mice was less than that of the C3H/HeN strain. Also, glucose consumption assays indicated that enhanced macrophage activation occurred in C3H/HeN but not in C3H/HeJ mice treated with B-LPS. In light of recent studies showing that IL-1 stimulates bone resorption in a mouse calvaria system and collagenase production in fibroblasts, we suggest that B-LPS-induced IL-1 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of adult periodontal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Clinical diversity in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is a unique T-cell cancer first described in Japan. We estimate that more than 200 patients a year have been detected in Kyushu. The surface phenotype of ATL cells characterized by monoclonal antibodies is T3+, T4+, T8-, T11+, and Tac+. In all cases the serum is positive for anti-human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus (HTLV-I) antibodies and the ATL cells contain the proviral DNA of HTLV-I. Variations in the clinical features of atypical cases suggest a division of the spectrum of ATL into five types: acute (prototypic), chronic, smoldering, crisis, and lymphoma. Screening of the sera from healthy adults for presence of the anti-HTLV-I antibodies revealed that 3.6% of healthy individuals in Kumamoto Prefecture, which is located in the middle of Kyushu, were HTLV-I carriers. The percentage of positivity increased with age and was higher in females than in males. It varied from town to town, ranging from 0 to 17.6%. Family studies showed that the routes of natural infection of HTLV-I are from mother to child and also from husband to wife. The third route is blood transfusion. The borderline between the healthy carrier state and smoldering ATL remains unclear. In the endemic areas smoldering ATL is frequently diagnosed in patients with fungus infection of the skin, chronic lymphadenopathy, interstitial pneumonitis, chronic renal failure, and strongyloidiasis. In addition our experiences with a concurrence of lymphoma-type ATL in three sisters and spontaneous remissions in a patient with chronic ATL are cited.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Quantification of myonecrosis and comparison of necrotic activity of snake venoms by determination of creatine phosphokinase activity in mice sera.

Serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) values were measured in venom-injected mice. The increase of CK levels was proportional to both the amount of venom injected and the myonecrotic actions determined microscopically. The CK isoenzymes were regarded as due to the predominant increase of CK-MM, which was considered to be of skeletal muscle origin in the venom-injected area. No CK isozyme variants were found by electrophoretic examination. For a comparative study on necrotic intensity, nine snake venoms were examined. The elapid venoms induced higher values of serum CK with a stronger necrotic effect than the crotalid venoms, and the data agreed with the histological findings. On application of the antivenom, an initially elevated CK value was significantly decreased and no severe damage was observed under light microscopy. Since the changes of serum CK activities paralleled necrotic intensity, the CK value is useful as an indicator of myonecrosis due to snake venom.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[A phase I trial of 4'-epiadriamycin].

A phase I study of a new anthracycline, 4'-epiadriamycin was conducted in a total of 28 patients with various advanced cancers refractory to standard chemotherapies and 26 were evaluable. A dose limiting factor was leukopenia reaching a nadir approximately 2 weeks later and about one week needed for the recovery. Thrombocytopenia was milder and less frequent than leukopenia but dose-related. Nausea and alopecia were observed in the majority of patients but vomiting was relatively rare and therefore non-hematologic toxicities were judged to be milder than adriamycin. A recommended dose for patients having prior extensive chemotherapies was determined to be 60 mg/m2 in 3 weeks intervals.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Carcinoma of the colon associated with diffuse metastatic leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (DMLC) presenting as disturbance of consciousness--a case report].

A 58-year-old man was admitted to Saiseikai Hospital complaining of vertigo and visual acuity disturbance. His admission physical examination was unremarkable; his spinal fluid contained 69 large mononuclear cells/mm3. Cytological examination was not done. His disturbance of consciousness rapidly progressed to coma and he died on the 10 th hospital day. At autopsy, Borrmann Type II carcinoma (3 cm in diameter) was found in the cecum. Microscopical examination revealed that the tumor was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Diffuse metastasis was found in the leptomeningium , but there was no evidence of metastasis to other organ.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Malignant hyperpyrexia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A case report.

We report a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who developed malignant hyperpyrexia during general anaesthesia. During anaesthesia bradycardia was followed by ventricular fibrillation, on which ventricular flutter supervened and a body temperature rise of 0.6 degrees C for 15 minutes, myoglobinuria and elevation of CPK level were observed. The caffeine sensitivity test of biopsied muscle fibers revealed an increase in sensitivity, although there was no sign of muscle rigidity during or after anaesthesia. Diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was first established after the development of malignant hyperpyrexia in the present case as well as in previously reported cases. Determination of serum CPK is very important before general anaesthesia.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias: eleven years' experience.

Fifty-five patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernias (1966 to 1976) were studied and compared to 65 similar patients reported previously (1953 to 1963). The mortality was found to be the same in the two groups despite the fact that in the current series, patients were diagnosed and operated on at a younger age. Initial uncorrected pH value was found to be of prognostic importance. All babies whose initial uncorrected pH was greater than 7.0 survived and almost all those whose pH was less than 7.0 died, with the group in-between having a 50% chance of survival. Earlier operation and correction of acidosis did not substantially improve the chance of survival. Hypoplasia of the lungs and major cardiovascular anomalies contributed to death in a number of patients. Pulmonary hypertension causing a right-to-left shunt was responsible for the deaths of others and, therefore, the use of vasodilator drugs deserves further evaluation.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗