Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Nakabayashi

Publications and source records attributed to K Nakabayashi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Clustering of human chromosome fragments on the mouse genome by chromosome-mediated gene transfer.

Pieces of metaphase chromosomes prepared from mouse cells containing neo-tagged human chromosome 7 were transferred to mouse cells with calcium phosphate to isolate G418-resistant clones. FISH analysis revealed that the majority of them contained human DNA at a single site on their genome. These transformants contained STS markers mapped to various regions of chromosome 7. It is thus suggested that pieces of human chromosomes tend to assemble and integrate on the mouse genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Release of telomeric DNA from chromosomes in immortal human cells lacking telomerase activity.

Some immortal human cell lines lack telomerase activity. These cell lines were found to contain small dispersed DNA hybridizing to TTAGGG repeats. Such DNA was located in their cytoplasm and nuclei. Normal human fibroblasts or telomerase-positive cell lines did not contain such DNA. Upon cloning and sequencing, it was shown to consist of TTAGGG repeats. When electrophoresed on neutral and alkaline agarose gels, it behaved as double-stranded and linear DNA. These results suggest that telomeric DNA is released from chromosomes in association with maintenance of telomeres in telomerase-negative cell lines.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1998

Effects of truss mattress upon sleep and bed climate.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a truss mattress upon sleep and bed climate. The truss mattress which has been designed to decrease the pressure and bed climate humidity was tested. Six healthy female volunteers with a mean age of 23.3 years, served as subjects. The experiment was carried out under two conditions: a truss mattress (T) and a futon (F) (Japanese bedding). The ambient temperature and relative humidity were controlled at 19-20 degrees C, and RH 50-60% respectively. Sleep was monitored by an EEG machine and the rectal temperature, skin temperature and bed climate were also measured continuously. Subjective evaluations of bed and sleep were obtained before and after the recording sessions. No significant difference was observed in the sleep parameters and time spent in each sleep stage. Rectal temperature was significantly lower in T than F. Although there was no significant difference in bed climate over the T/F, the temperature under T/F was significantly higher in T. No significant difference was observed in subjective sleep evaluation. The subjective feeling of the mattress was significantly warmer in F than T before sleep. These results suggest that although T does not disturb the sleep parameters and the bed climate is maintained at the same level as with F, it may affect rectal temperature which can be due to low thermal insulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical study on five myeloperoxidase specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) positive Churg-Strauss syndrome cases].

OBJECTIVE: In order to clarify the clinical characteristics of ANCA positive Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), ten CSS patients were analyzed. METHODS: ANCA was detected using an immunofluorescence (IF) assay and ELISA. ANCA was measured in both active and inactive stage of the disease. RESULTS: ANCA was present in 5 patients (5/10 : 50%) with active CSS phase and all ANCA patient results showed perinuclear pattern by IF assay and myeloperoxidase specific results by ELISA. Patients with ANCA were older (average age : 58.0) and had higher incidence of renal involvement (4/5 : 80%) than was found with ANCA negative patients (average age; 38.4, no patients with renal involvements). Among 5 patients with ANCA, one had rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and one had alveolar hemorrhage. Remission was induced for 4 ANCA positive patients by corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive drug and one required long term maintenance hemodialysis. ANCA titer changed in parallel with disease activity, such as proteinuria, hematuria and alveolar hemorrhage. No significant differences in regard to eosinophilia, serum IgE and CRP titer were found between ANCA positive and negative patients. CONCLUSION: These results strongly indicate that MPO-ANCA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascultis, such as renal injury and alveolar hemorrhage in CSS.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A case with rheumatoid arthritis complicated with ANCA-associated vasculitis].

A 50-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed constitutive symptoms such as fever and weight loss, mononeuritis multiplex and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). The renal biopsy revealed crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) with few immune deposits such as IgG and C 3 and necrotizing vasculitis, which led to the pathological diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Moreover the high serum level of anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibody, one of the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), suggested that she had ANCA-associated vasculitis. The renal prognosis of the ANCA-associated vasculitis is said to be poor unless patients were treated in the early phase of the disease. As we started to treat the patient when her serum creatinine level (sCr) was 1.7 mg/dl and creatinine clearance (CCr) was 27 ml/min, her renal function returned to the almost normal level (sCr = 0.6, CCr = 91). It is well known that patients with RA may develop various kinds of extraarticular manifestations which are usually related to immune-complex mediated vasculitis, what we call malignant RA. We emphasize that ANCA-associated vasculitis is another important complication of RA. When we see a RA patient with constitutional symptom, abnormal urinary sediments and other clinical signs of vasculitis such as mononeuritis multiplex, ANCA-associated vasculitis should be considered. Since the early diagnosis and treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis is a key to prevent renal failure, it is encouraged to measure the serum ANCA titer for not only the diagnosis of such patients but the evaluation of their clinical course.

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic↗
PubMed1997

Decrease in amplified telomeric sequences and induction of senescence markers by introduction of human chromosome 7 or its segments in SUSM-1.

Introduction of human chromosome 7 by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer suppresses indefinite division of SUSM-1, an in vitro established human fibroblast line. This cell line has unusually long telomeric sequences although it lacks detectable telomerase activity. Thus, we examined whether such telomeric sequences change upon introduction of chromosome 7 or its segments. In the microcell hybrids that stopped dividing by introduction of chromosome 7, the telomeric sequences were found to be lost or markedly diminished. Introduction of various fragments (2-40 Mb) of chromosome 7 contained in radiation hybrids gave similar results. On the other hand, the telomeric sequences were not altered significantly in the unsuppressed hybrids, a revertant of one suppressed clone, or subclones of SUSM-1 used as controls. In the suppressed microcell hybrids, the distribution of a mortality marker, mortalin, was changed to the cytosolic type of mortal cells from the immortal type of perinuclear fibres. Also, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase was induced to a level similar to that of normally senesced diploid fibroblasts. These results suggest that human chromosome 7 induces senescence in SUSM-1 by suppressing its telomere maintenance mechanism, which does not depend on telomerase.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Tuberculosis in the crew of a submarine].

We report the apparent spread of mycobacterial tuberculosis among a submarine crew from a crew member with a low grade of infectivity. The air-conditioning system of submarines requires completely closed recirculation of ambient air. If a person with pulmonary tuberculosis were in a submarine, one would expect to find a high incidence of tuberculosis among others on the ship. The index patient was a 35-year-old member of a submarine crew. An abnormal shadow was found on a chest roentgenogram during an annual medical checkup, and he was hospitalized for examination. Acid-fast bacilli were found in his gastric secretions, but he did not complain of coughing and no tuberculosis bacilli were found in his sputum. All members of the submarine crew were examined, and some who were on board with the index patient reacted strongly. Because those who were also suspected to be infected were usually not close to the index patient's living quarters and had little contact with the patient in the submarine, we strongly suspect that the closed ventilation system contributed to the spread of the infection. Control of tuberculosis in a sealed environment requires detailed investigation of the environment and completion of chemoprophylaxis. Adequate ventilation and ultraviolet radiation are more effective than decontamination with disinfectants for the control of infectious droplet nuclei. Ships should be equipped with those systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of particulate embolic materials with MR imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and phase-contrast microscopy.

PURPOSE: To analyze the properties and embolic effect of microfibrillar collagen (MFC), Gelfoam powder, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) materials that are used in embolization procedures in the head and neck. METHODS: The shape and surface of these embolic agents were examined with scanning electron microscopy and phase-contrast microscopy. The mean number of areas of T2-weighted high signal intensity was measured on MR images in a rat embolization model to estimate the embolic effect. RESULTS: By scanning electron microscopy and phase-contrast microscopy, MFC appears fibriform and has various sizes and an irregular surface. Gelfoam is of uniform size and has a smooth surface. PVA materials are granulated and have a rough surface. MFC is somewhat suspendable and its shape changes moderately after suspension. Gelfoam is very suspendable and its shape changes rapidly. PVA showed only mild swelling. The embolic effect of MFC was the lowest of the materials examined. Large PVA particles (250 to 500 microns) showed a lesser embolic effect than Gelfoam or small PVA particles (50 to 150 microns) or medium-sized PVA particles (150 to 250 microns). No significant differences were observed among the embolic effects of Gelfoam, small PVA particles (50 to 150 microns), and medium PVA particles (150 to 250 microns). CONCLUSIONS: MFC and large PVA particles (250 to 500 microns) should be used for embolization of vascular anatomy involving potentially dangerous anastomoses. Gelfoam, PVA particles of 150- to 250-micron diameter, and PVA particles of 50- to 150-micron diameter are adequate for embolization involving homogeneous and peripheral anatomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Preoperative flurbiprofen provides pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

In a single-blind randomized prospective study, postoperative pain was assessed in 60 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy with three types of anesthesia: standardized general anesthesia (control group), preoperative 50 mg flurbiprofen as an addition to the same method of general anesthesia (flurbiprofen group), and conventional combined epidural and general anesthesia with epidural administration of 0.25% bupivacaine 5-8 ml and 0.1-0.2 mg buprenorphine after surgery (epidural group). After the operation we found that the average time from the end of surgery to the first request for an analgesic was 3.9 h, 22.7 h and 43.7 h in the control, flurbiprofen and epidural group, respectively. Substantially it was longer in the flurbiprofen and epidural group than in the control group (P < 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively). Patients in the control group requested analgesics for a longer period of time after the initial request compared with patients in the other groups. Our results indicate that postoperative pain can be reduced when flurbiprofen is added to general anesthesia before surgery, although use of flurbiprofen was not as effective as the conventional combined epidural and general anesthesia used for treating pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[MPO-ANCA related vasculitis with pulmonary hemorrhage during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy].

We described a case of pulmonary hemorrhage associated with myeloperoxidase-antineurophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA) without renal involvement during propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment. A 36-years old female was admitted to our hospital because of progressive dyspnea with hemosputum after flu-like symptom and episcleritis. She had been receiving PTU for three years to Graves' disease. On admission her chest Xp showed bilateral massive infiltrative shadow and bronchofiberscopy demonstrated pulmonary hemorrhage. MPO-ANCA and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies were positive, but she had normal urinalysis and normal renal function. After withdraw of PTU, pulmonary hemorrhage disappeared. But 15 days later pulmonary hemorrhage recurred associated with high MPO-ANCA titer. Corticosteroid bolus therapy and oral cyclophasphamide administration improved pulmonary hemorrhage, and MPO-ANCA titer also decreased. It is suggested that MPO-ANCA and PTU might be closely related to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hemorrhage in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A panel of radiation hybrids defining the 7q31-q32 region of human chromosome 7.

Mouse A9 cells containing human chromosome 7 tagged with pSV2neo were irradiated with X-rays and fused to A9 cells to isolate G418-resistant clones. From these clones, we selected radiation hybrids that contained 10-40 Mb of human DNA apparently at a single site of their genome by FISH analysis using human repetitive sequences as a probe. Then we made a panel of hybrids that contained various fragments of the 7q31-q32 region and cover its entire region altogether by PCR with STS markers of human chromosome 7. This panel is useful in chromosome transfer experiments since the dominant selective marker neo gene is attached to human DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Pulmonary artery involvement as first manifestation in three cases of Takayasu arteritis.

Although the pulmonary artery is often involved in Takayasu arteritis, only a few cases have been reported in which pulmonary artery involvement occurred as the initial clinical manifestation. Based upon history, physical findings, laboratory data, and radiographic studies, we diagnosed Takayasu arteritis in three young females who had pulmonary artery occlusion without apparent lesions in the aortic arch and its main branches. Major symptoms and signs encountered were persistent mild or moderate chest pain, pleural effusion, and an episode of hemoptysis. Pulmonary artery occlusions were confirmed by angiography and perfusion studies. Steroid treatment relieved the symptoms in two cases, but the 3rd case required additional therapy with methotrexate for the suppression of disease activity. We emphasize the importance of considering Takayasu arteritis in cases with the above-mentioned signs and symptoms and pulmonary artery occlusion, despite the absence of aortic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and enflurane on hemodynamic responses during an inhaled induction of anesthesia via a mask in humans.

A rapid increase in isoflurane or desflurane concentration induces tachycardia and hypertension and increases-plasma catecholamine concentration. Little information is available as to whether sevoflurane, halothane, and enflurane induce similar responses during anesthesia induction via mask. Fifty ASA physical status I patients, aged 20-40 yr, and scheduled for elective minor surgery, received one of four volatile anesthetics: sevoflurane, isoflurane, halothane, or enflurane. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal, followed by inhalation of 0.9 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of the anesthetic in 100% oxygen via mask. The inspired concentration of anesthetic was increased by 0.9 MAC every 5 min to a maximum of 2.7 MAC. Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured before and every minute for 15 min during anesthetic inhalation. In the sevoflurane and isoflurane groups, venous blood samples were drawn to determine the concentrations of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine 3 min after each increase in anesthetic concentration. Sustained increments in HR were observed after increases in inspired isoflurane concentration to 1.8 MAC and 2.7 MAC (peak changes of 15 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 3 bpm, respectively). Isoflurane also increased SBP transiently after the inspired concentration was increased to 2.7 MAC (peak change of 10 +/- 4 mm Hg). Enflurane increased HR after the inspired concentration was increased to 2.7 MAC (peak change of 9 +/- 2 bpm). In contrast, changes in sevoflurane and halothane concentrations did not induce hyperdynamic responses. Plasma norepinephrine concentration in the isoflurane group was significantly higher than that in the sevoflurane group during 2.7 MAC (P = 0.022). We propose that there is a direct relationship between airway irritation of the anesthetic and immediate cardiovascular change during an inhaled induction of anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of myeloperoxidase-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-related glomerulonephritis associated with Cogan's syndrome].

We report here a case of Cogan's syndrome associated with systemic vasculitis as well as myeloperoxidase-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-related glomerulonephritis. A 71-year-old woman with the diagnosis of aortitis syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis for 7 years, complained of vertigo and hearing impairment. A diagnosis of serous otitis media was made. Although steroid therapy was effective, the symptoms relapsed several times. Seven months after the first manifestation of aural symptoms, she developed painful red eyes bilaterally and proteinuria. On admission, perinuclear ANCA without cytoplasmic ANCA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay and MOP-ANCA was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using the 363 ELISA Unit. Renal biopsy showed necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis without immune deposits. A diagnosis of atypical Cogan's syndrome with systemic vasculitis and pulmonary fibrosis was made from the clinical and histological findings. As nephrotic syndrome progressed after admission, she was started on high-dose corticosteroid administration. Urinary protein and other symptoms, except for hearing acuity, improved in parallel with a decrease in the MPO-ANCA titer to normal values. While tapering the dose of corticosteroid, the MPO-ANCA titer increased again and dyspnea occurred. Although pulse methylpredonisolone therapy was performed, the patient died of respiratory failure complicated with sepsis. Postmortem lung biopsy showed pulmonary fibrosis and massive alveolar hemorrhage. The findings of this case study suggest that MPO-ANCA may be closely related to the pathogenesis of Cogan's syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Expression of the human cGMP-dependent protein kinase II gene is lost upon introduction of SV40 T antigen or immortalization in human cells.

We have cloned a human cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II cDNA to examine its gene expression in terms of cellular senescence and/or immortalization. The genetic locus was mapped to band 4q21 by FISH. Northern blot analysis revealed that expression of the type II gene was markedly decreased or lost in mortal or immortal human fibroblasts producing SV40 T antigen. Also in various immortalized cell lines tested, the gene was not expressed. In normal diploid fibroblasts, the gene was constitutively expressed during cell-cycle and population doubling levels (PDLs).

Amino Acid Sequence↗