Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Nagata.
Clinical studies on ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) were carried out and the results were as follows: Twelve patients (acute purulent tonsillitis 1, pneumonia 6, urinary tract infection 5) were treated with CTRX, in doses of 21-48 mg/kg divided 2 times per day for 3.5-8 days intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. No adverse reactions were observed. No abnormal laboratory data were noted.
To compare cerebral circulation in aphasic patients who had cerebral hemorrhage against those who with cerebral thrombosis, we studies 50 patients with hypertensive intracranial (putaminal) hemorrhage and 20 patients with cerebral thrombosis whose diagnoses were confirmed on repeated CT scan and cerebral angiography. The measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by the 133Xe intraarterial injection method was carried out in 40 patients. The evolution of the aphasic syndrome was analyzed according to Hirano's classification and the patients were divided into two groups: those having a favorable recovery from aphasia; those with a poor recovery. Twelve out of 20 patients with cerebral hemorrhage showed a favorable recovery from aphasia, whose left hemispheric mean blood flow (mCBF) was 33.1 +/- 9.7 ml/100 g/min. The mCBF was 30.8 +/- 10.3 ml/100 g/min in 8 patients with a poor recovery. There was no significant difference in mCBF values between the two groups. The favorable recovery group showed slightly higher regional values in the left frontal and temporal lobes than did the poor recovery group, but no significant difference was found between the two group. Here, rCBF values failed to correlate between the two kinds of recovery from aphasia in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. The marked variability in rCBF values in the acute stage might partly account for the poor correlation in cerebral hemorrhage. In contrast, a series of rCBF studies demonstrated that rCBF values stabilized in the acute and subacute stage in cerebral thrombosis. Nine out of 20 patients with cerebral thrombosis had a favorable recovery from aphasia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) is a newly developed cephalosporin. Clinical studies on this drug was carried out and the results were as follows. Twenty-nine patients (acute purulent tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 15, acute purulent lymphadenitis 2, pyoderma 1, skin abscess 2 and urinary tract infection 6) were treated with CAZ in doses of 42-1 mg/kg (mean 59 mg/kg) divided 2-3 times per day for 3-10 days (mean 5.7 days) intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 96.6%. As to adverse reaction, drug fever was observed in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory data were noted in 4 cases (elevation of serum GOT, GPT and BUN in 1, elevation of serum GOT and GPT in 1, elevation of BUN in 1 and leukopenia in 1).
Calcified chronic subdural hematoma is a well-known disease to many neurosurgeons as it is diagnosed with only a plain skull X-ray film. Although several reports on this condition are seen, many of them are dealing with those in children or young people, and those in the aged are only few. One case of calcified chronic subdural hematoma in an old man is described. An 86-year-old man with a sudden attack of left hemiparesis was admitted to the Kanto Rosai Hospital. Two years before, he had had a history of head injury on his right temporal area, which caused no neurological deficit before this attack. Neurological examination on admission revealed mild confusional state and severe left hemiparesis. A plain skull film of A-P projection showed a linear calcification in the right temporal area. CT scan revealed a right temporal chronic subdural hematoma with some calcification in the internal membrane, which caused moderate midline shift. Right temporal small craniotomy was performed. The hematoma contained no fluid as usual but paste-like substance, and was partially removed. Postoperatively, he showed an improvement in unstability, but the left hemiparesis remained. On the 23rd postoperative day, he expired of severe pneumonia. Autopsy showed 14.0 X 8.0 X 1.2cm sized subdural hematoma in the right temporal area. Microscopically, the internal layer of the dura markedly thickened, and the appearance of "pachymeningitis hemorrhagica interna" was clearly seen. The thicked internal layer was devided into two layers, and the hematoma was existed just between the two layers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recently, a strain of mice bearing an autosomal recessive gene, spm, has been described. On the basis of clinical and pathological findings these mice have been suggested as a useful model of human Niemann-Pick disease. Phospholipids and their fatty acid compositions were analyzed for liver, spleen, whole brain, erythrocytes, and blood plasma from "Niemann-Pick"animals (spm/spm) and heterozygous controls (spm/+). Sphingomyelin and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate accumulated in the liver and spleen of the affected mice, whereas no significant proportional change of phospholipids was observed in the whole brain. The phospholipid composition in erythrocytes and blood plasma of the homozygous mice was not different from that of the heterozygous controls. The fatty acyl chain profile of accumulated bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate was characterized by the high content (more than 80%) of unsaturated fatty acids; the main components were oleic acid, linoleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. A high unsaturation index of the fatty acyl chain was found in sphingomyelin accumulated in organs and in almost all phospholipids of brain, erythrocytes, and blood plasma of "Niemann-Pick" mice. It is conceivable that desaturation of fatty acids is enhanced in the "Niemann-Pick" mice.
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Myosin purified from a murine myeloid leukaemia cell line (M1) that had been incubated with [32P]orthophosphate incorporated 32P into the heavy, but not the light, chain. When the heavy chain was dephosphorylated by bacterial alkaline phosphatase, myosin that had low actin-activated ATPase activity gained higher activity only in the presence of the light-chain kinase. In the absence of the light-chain kinase, however, the Mg2+-stimulated ATPase activity of myosin was not activated by actin, regardless of phosphatase treatment. These results indicate that the activity of M1 myosin ATPase is regulated by phosphorylation of both the light and heavy chains. A scheme for this regulation by phosphorylation is presented and discussed.
Particles of a lithium aluminum silicate, which had been treated with a silane coupling agent, were centrifuged either in an adduct of bisphenol-A/glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) or in a mixture of Bis--GMA and methyl methacrylate. Polymerization was effected by heating with 2,5-dimethyl-hexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide. Flexural strength passed through an optimum value with increasing loading of the silicate. Inclusion of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride, 4-META (5 wt % on monomer), increased the optimum flexural strength by about 20% (to 240 MPa). Evidence that 4-META increased the adhesion of filler particles to the polymeric matrix was obtained by examination of fracture surfaces.
Five monoclonal antibodies against the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) molecule of Taka virus, a variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), were established to compare the antigenicities of several avian paramyxoviruses including NDV. From the results of the cross haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test with the monoclonal antibodies, the HN molecule of Taka virus seemed to have at least three different antigenic determinants; one was specific for all NDV strains tested, the second was for Taka virus and Komarov strain of NDV and the third was for Taka virus, Komarov strain, Bangor and Yucaipa. Furthermore, the differences in the ratio of HI to neuraminidase-inhibition titers suggested that the separate active sites involved in haemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities might exist at least in close proximity.
We investigated the clinical records of 784 patients with vocal fold polyps and 372 patients with vocal fold nodules who were seen in our clinic during the 10 years from 1971 to 1980. Polyps were frequent in middle ages in both sexes whereas nodules were common in boys and middle-aged women. Vocal abuse was the most important etiologic factor. No regular voice therapy was available for lack of voice therapists. Surgical removal yielded the best result, but not in all the patients operated.
A protein required for the elongation of replicating intermediates of adenovirus (Ad) DNA to full length has been isolated and characterized. This factor, isolated from nuclear extracts of uninfected HeLa cells, has been designated nuclear factor II. In the presence of Ad DNA with proteins at each 5' end (Ad DNA-protein) and three proteins coded for by the Ad genome [the preterminal protein (pTP), the DNA polymerase (Ad Pol), and the DNA binding protein (Ad DBP)], nuclear factor II complementing activity is detected only in the presence of host nuclear factor I. Highly purified preparations of nuclear factor II that are free of detectable DNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma activities contain a DNA topoisomerase activity. Furthermore, type I DNA topoisomerases purified from HeLa cells and calf thymus substitute for nuclear factor II complementing activity in the in vitro Ad DNA replication system. These results indicate that a protein that is involved in higher order DNA structure is required for Ad replication. This protein plus the purified proteins described above carry out the initiation and synthesis of full-length 36,000-base-pair Ad DNA.
Nuclear factor I, a 47-kilodalton protein, purified from nuclear extracts of uninfected HeLa cells, is involved in the initiation and possibly the elongation of replicating adenovirus (Ad) DNA in vitro. The binding of nuclear factor I to DNA has been monitored by a filter binding assay of nuclear factor I to DNA has been monitored by a filter binding assay using plasmid pLA1 DNA, which contains a 3,290 base-pair fragment derived from the left-hand terminus (coordinates, 0-9.4 map units) of Ad serotype 5 DNA. Nuclear factor I binds selectively to a double-stranded fragment spanning nucleotides 0-451 to the Ad genome. The retention of the 451-base-pair DNA fragment-nuclear factor I complex on nitrocellulose filters does not require Mg2+ or ATP and is resistant to high ionic strength. DNase I protection experiments revealed that nuclear factor I binds to a nucleotide sequence located at position 17-48, close to the terminus of Ad DNA. This 32-nucleotide sequence contains four "consensus" sequences present in various serotypes of Ad DNA and is capable of forming higher ordered structures. The role of nuclear factor I and this DNA sequence in the generation of Ad preterminal protein-dCMP initiation complex is discussed.
We examined the interaction between a trypsin-like enzyme from Streptomyces erythraeus (TLE-Se) and Japanese quail ovomucoid (QO) as a model of the interaction between a serine protease and a Kazal-type inhibitor. Both the second domain (Domain II) and the third domain (Domain III) of QO inhibited TLE-Se. But there was a great difference in the apparent association rate constant (kappa a) between Domain II and Domain III at pH 8.0 (the optimum pH of the enzymatic activity), and Domain III associated with TLE-Se about 10(5) times faster than Domain II. The pH dependency of kappa a for Domain III and TLE-Se was maximum around pH 8, but in the case of Domain II and TLE-Se the maximum was around pH 4. This suggested that some acidic amino acid residues had some influence upon the association of Domain II with TLE-Se. When we examined the interaction between TLE-Se and amidated Domain II in which most of the aspartic and glutamic acids were amidated for conversion into asparagine and glutamine with NH4Cl and carbodiimide, the pH dependence of kappa a greatly differed from that obtained for TLE-Se and native Domain II, and an almost constant kappa a value (10(3)-10(5) times higher than that of native Domain II) was exhibited between pH 5 and 8. At the same time, the dissociation constant at pH 8.0 became about 10(-2) times smaller, and thus the affinity between TLE-Se and amidated Domain II became stronger. These observations suggest that the electrostatic effect derived from the repulsion between the minus charges which are located at contact area sites of both molecules control the reactivity in the interaction between protease and a protein protease inhibitor.
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The pattern of left ventricular contraction or relaxation is not uniform and also changes depending on hemodynamic states. Accordingly, the measurement of myocardial segment length only may have limitations for the analysis of regional myocardial function, and a two-dimensional analysis of regional myocardial function was developed and characterized by utilizing measurement of regional myocardial surface area on the epicardial surface. In eight anesthetized open-chest dogs, the relationship between regional myocardial function and total cardiac function was examined. The extent of the reduction of regional myocardial surface area during the ejection phase or during the systolic phase correlated more closely with stroke volume over wide ranges of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, aortic pressure, left ventricular contractility, and heart rate (r = 0.75 - 0.96) than the shortening of myocardial segment length alone. Thus, the results demonstrated that regional myocardial function estimated by the measurement of regional myocardial surface area represents total cardiac function more accurately than myocardial segment length over wide ranges of hemodynamic states despite the changes in the left ventricular contraction and relaxation pattern.
Gelation of extracts of a myeloid leukemia cell line (Ml) was compared before and after differentiation induced with conditioned medium (CM) from rat embryo cells. Although an extract of Mml cells, a macrophage line derived from Ml line, gelled when warmed in the presence of 2 mM MgCl2, undifferentiated Ml cells gelled only after dialysis and a supplement of exogenous actin. After differentiation had been induced, an addition of exogenous actin, but not dialysis, was needed for gelation. Small amounts of KCl always inhibited the gelation of the control Ml cell extracts, but they promoted gelation of the CM-treated Ml and Mml cell extracts. Thus, the dialysis required for gelation of the control Ml cell extract appears to be necessary for the exclusion of endogenous KCl. Several possible mechanisms for the KCl control of gelation, as well as different requirements of exogenous actin needed for gelation are discussed based on the results of our experiments.