It is important to acquire adequate normative data of visual evoked potential before using it as a diagnostic tool. A study using visual evoked potential with pattern (VEP-P) was conducted in Twenty male and seven female young healthy subjects of 17-35 years age. Ag/Agcl electrodes anchored on scalp with collodion at O1-A1, O2-A2 (10-20 system), with transition skin to electrode impedence kept at less than 5 K ohms were connected to MEB 5200 Evoked potential Recorder (Nihon Kohden, Japan). The evoked responses to 256 visual stimuli were recorded using transient pattern reversal (checker size 32'), frequency 1/sec and contrast between black and white checks 67%. The responses were averaged by the computer and absolute peak latency values for P100 alongwith other positive and negative waves worked out. P100 latency of 95.37 +/- 6.85, amp. 6.4 +/- 2.38 for males and 91.07 +/- 49 msec, amp. 6.88 +/- 2.79 microv for females are being reported. The P100 latency values of present study are similar to those reported in age and sex matched subjects of the western world, indicating that there are no ethnic variations in P100 of VEP.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of third ventricular injection of beta-endorphin on the electrophysiological responses of some regions of endocrine hypothalamus.

Multiunit activity (MUA) of arcuate nucleus and cortical EEG were recorded in the regularly cycling female rats on the day of proestrous under urethane anaesthesia. The MUA was compared before and after injection of beta-endorphin in third ventricle. In some animals MUA increased after 30-40 min and persisted for 3-4 hr, in others MUA got inhibited within 5-10 min of injection of beta-Endorphin and effect lasted for 5-6 hr. There was no change in frontoparietal EEG activity. In another group of animals medial pre-optic responses (MPO) to stimulation of medial amygdala were tested before and after ventricular infusion of beta-endorphin. Most of the facilitatory MPO responses got blocked. These observations suggest the involvement of opioid receptors in the mediation of neuroendocrine control of preovulatory events through the amygdalo-preoptico-medial basal hypothalamic axis. There seems to be heterogeneity of beta-endorphin receptors in the arcuate nucleus.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary diffusion indices in ageing adults.

The lung transfer factor (Tl) was measured by the single breath holding CO technique in 147 apparently healthy males and 88 females of 35-70 years of age, belonging to similar middle class of socio-economic and nutritional status. They were non-smokers, non-alcoholics and had no cardio-respiratory problems at the time of study. The male subjects with average age of 46.9 years, weight 63.9 Kgs, Height 168.9 cms, surface area 1.73 m2, Hb 12.7 gm% had Tl 29.41 +/- 1.78 mlCo/min/mmHg whereas female subjects with average age of 45-60 years, with Wt 63.2 Kgs, Ht. 155.5 cms, Surface area 1.57 m2, Hb 10.88% had Tl 22.49 +/- 1.28 mlCo/min/mmHg. Simple and multiple regression equation for age, Ht, Hb were worked out and their correlation with Tl discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Vagus stimulation effects during various doses of fluid infusion in dogs.

Stimulation of caudal and cranial ends of vagi in vagotomised chloralose-urethane anaesthetised dogs with 7.5V, 30Cps pulses of 2 msec width after 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml/kg body weight infusion dose of Ringer-Locke solution caused well known effects on heart rate, BP, amplitude of peripheral blood pressure waves, amplitude and frequency of respiration and amplitude of ECG waves. The vagal stimulation effects did not appear to be related to volume of fluid infused into circulation except that caudal end stimulation effect on QRS amplitude was prominent during higher infusion doses while its effect on amplitude of peripheral blood pressure waves and respiration was prominent during lower infusion doses.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Electrolyte changes in plasma and urine during tender coconut water infusion in dogs.

Intravenous infusion of tender coconut water to paraldehyde and chloralose-urethane anaesthetised dogs at a rate of 0.5 ml/kg/min to a total dose of 100 ml/kg body weight decreased serum Na and increased K and Ca levels. Simultaneously, urinary Na excretion decreased and K and Ca excretion increased and there was glycosuria. Serum electrolyte changes were more prominent in paraldehyde anaesthetised dogs.

Anesthesia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Forebrain regulation of ovarian cycle in rats: evidence for a dual control.

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Amygdala↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Stereotaxic apparatus for frog brain.

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diuresis during fluid infusion : buffer nerve and spinal influences on it.

The rate and cumulative volume of diuresis were measured sequentially for each incremental infusion dose of 5 ml/kg body weight till a 100 ml/kg or more dose was reached. Normal saline (NS), Ringer-Locke (RL) and tender coconut water (TCW) were infused in three groups each of paraldehyde (PLD), and chloralose and urethane (C & U) anaesthetised dogs. The slow infusion rate of about 0.5 ml/kg/min was used. The RL infusion was repeated in vagotomised and/or carotid sinus (CS) denervated dogs and spinal dogs with or without intact vagi. During the NS and RL infusion schedules in PLD anaesthetised dogs produced much less urine than C & U groups. The order of minimum to maximum diuretic effect caused by these fluids were RL, NA and TCW in PLD groups and NA, TCW and RL in C & U groups. The study indicates that the type of anaesthesia and the composition of infusion fluid determines the rate of infusion induced diuresis. PLD anaesthesia has antidiuretic effect, which is not overcome by vagotomy. In C & U anaesthetised dogs the vagotomy and CS denervation performed separately greatly increased the rate of infusion induced diuresis but the diuresis largely decreased when combined surgery was performed. The diuresis in spinal dogs was very low, though in the vagotomised-spinal dogs, the rate of diuresis was more than in the spinal dogs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relation of PTC responses and secretor status to blood groups.

Blood groups (ABO, Rh-including sub-types M-N, Duffy), secretor status and ability to taste Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) were investigated in 102 medical students of Delhi University, and the distribution was found similar to that observed in the north Indians. Both faster and secretors had highest percentage in AB, O and in rr, while the lowest values were obtained in B and R1r.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phagocytic response of leucocytes in secretors and non-secretors of ABH (O) blood group substances.

Secretor status of healthy young volunteers in the age group of 18-22 years and having similar socio-economic background was determined by standard agglutination inhibition test of the saliva. Phagocytic response of leucocyte was worked out by in vitro suspension technique and average number of cocci engulfed by leucocytes calculated in secretors/non-secretors of each blood group. Leucocytes of non-secretors of O and AB seem to have more and highly significant ingestion power as compared to secretors. Non secretors in group A & B also show more phagocytic activity. Relatively different concentration of the components of the blood group substances in secretors/non-secretors seems to affect phagocytic activity of the leucocytes.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gustatory preferences during estrus cycle in rats.

Estrus cycle has been used as a base to study gustatory responses in rats under conditions of two-bottle choice test given for one hour daily, and the data pooled respectively for diestrus/metestrus (D/M) and proestrus/estrus (P/E). Glucose (13.5%), sodium saccharin (0.2%), sodium chloride (0.9%), citric acid (0.004%) and quinine sulphate (0.002%) was each paired with water and a particular solution was presented daily for one week. Two days gap was given between two different solutions when only water was made available in both the bottles. An increased preference for glucose and saccharin, decrease to sodium chloride and no change in citric acid and quinine sulphate was observed at P/E. The differential gustatory response is perhaps linked to the levels of ovarian and hypophyseal hormones at the time of ovulation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lung transfer factor (Tl) in a group of healthy subjects.

Lung transfer factor (Tl) was determined by employing single breath technique in fortyfive healthy young males, and twenty females. These subjects belonged to similar socioeconomic and nutritional status and were non smokers. Morning value of Tl in sitting posture was worked out by using Morgan's Pulmotest C while subjects were at physical and mental rest. Male subjects in the age group of (18-26) yrs (av. 21.0 yrs) and height 1.68 M and weight 58.5 kgs, showed Tl of 30.6 +/- 3.8 ml/CO/mm Hg/min and females of same age group, height 1.57 M and weight 49.1 kg, had Tl values of 25.5 +/- 6.2 ml CO/mm Hg/min.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of disruption of diurnal rhythms in food intake of rats.

The calorie intake, body weight (bw) maintenance and oral intake of ad lib fed (Gr I) and feeding rhythm-disrupted (Gr II) adult rats of either sexes are investigated. Gr I calorie intake (19.2 +/- 0.6 cal/100 gm bw) and bw (214 +/- 5.6 gms) were stabilized after 130-140 days of age. Rats of similar age (130-140 days) on feeding rhythm disruption (Gr II) showed initial decrease in calorie intake and bw but 136 days later their bw (224 +/- 6.5 gms) was similar to Gr I bw (226 +/- 9.2 gms) though calorie intake (17.5 +/- 0.4 cal/100 gm bw) was still less as compared Gr I intake. This disparity in calorie intake and bw in Gr II appears to be linked to the adaptive metabolic changes. The solution and mixed-diets tests showed that oral intake is taste-dependent in Gr II but not in Gr I. Gr II intake was increased on sweet taste and decreased on salt and bitter tastes indicating that feeding rhythm-disruption enhances sensory regulation of intake in contrast to calorie regulation found predominant on free feeding.

Aging↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Electrophysiological correlates of diurnal feeding rhythm disruption in rats.

Electrical activity was recorded simultaneously from Ventromedial (VMH) and Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) in chronically prepared rats before and during one hour gustation tests as also during and after food intake in Group I (ad lib feeding) and Group II (3-hour food schedule) animals. The VMH/LH activity designated as Response Ratio (RR) was calculated and gave a better index of the food related behaviour. The basal RR was higher in Group I as compared to Group II rats but the response to glucose and saccharin ingestion showed a differential pattern of decrease after glucose intake in Group I and an increase in Group II. By contrast, on saccharin intake, Group I showed an increase. RRs after food intake did not show a significant change in both Group I and II rats.

Animals↗