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Biomedical subjects

K N Shah

Publications and source records attributed to K N Shah.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypothalamic hamartomas and precocious puberty.

Ten children, five boys and five girls with true precocious puberty at an early age were found to have hypothalamic hamartomas on brain imaging. Very early onset of puberty, varying from a few weeks to three years of age, and rapid progression were characteristic. Accelerated growth velocity and markedly advanced bone age were evident in all. Gonadotropin and gonadal hormone levels were elevated above the prepubertal range. Six children had associated developmental delay or hyperactivity.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

EEG recognition of holoprosencephaly and Aicardi syndrome.

Two cases of alobar holoprosencephaly and two of Aicardi syndrome are reported for their highly specific electroencephalographic (EEG) changes. The asynchronous sharp waves and spikes over the frontal regions with decreasing gradient of potential to the occipital leads were seen in alobar holoprosencephaly while burst suppression pattern with total asynchrony between the two hemispheres was seen in Aicardi syndrome. Even though EEG changes cannot be pathognomic of any abnormality, it is suggested that as in conditions like subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and petitmal epilepsy, so also in alobar holoprosencephaly and Aicardi syndrome, the characteristic features seen on EEG may provide the initial clue to the correct diagnosis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of phenobarbital and dilantin in neonatal seizures.

A total of 40 cases of neonatal convulsions of different nonmetabolic aetiological factors were studied. Patients with kernicterus were included in the study. Peak plasma phenobarbital concentrations after incremental loading doses of phenobarbital i.e. 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg were determined. Diphenylhydantoin was added if phenobarbital alone was unable to control seizures. In three patients, a combination of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin was used as the initial loading therapy. Increase in the loading dose of phenobarbital was associated with an increase in its peak plasma concentration. Despite increase in the plasma phenobarbital concentration beyond the 'therapeutic' levels suggested by the Western studies, doses of 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of phenobarbital were unable to score over the traditional regimen of 10 mg/kg. Convulsions were controlled in 50% of the patients with any of these three regimens, irrespective of the aetiology. Convulsions were controlled in 7 out of the 9 cases where diphenylhydantoin was added, because of the failure of phenobarbital in controlling the convulsions as a single drug. Convulsions of all the three patients, in whom a combination of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin was used by random selection as the initial bolus, were controlled. Seizure effects were difficult to distinguish from drug effects but major side effects were not encountered despite the fluctuating drug levels in the sick neonate.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experience with the International League Against Epilepsy classifications of epileptic seizures (1981) and epilepsies and epileptic syndrome (1989) in epileptic children in a developing country.

Four hundred eighty-three epileptic children attending the Pediatric Epilepsy Clinic at Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Bombay, India were classified according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of epileptic seizures (1981) and epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989). The predominant seizures were partial (53.6), generalized (40.3%), and unclassifiable (6%). In epilepsies and epileptic syndromes, 55.3% were partial, 27% were generalized, 13.5% were undetermined, and 4.1% were special syndromes. Although our results were similar in many respects to those of other reported series, some differences were observed in the incidence of partial and generalized seizures, and partial and generalized epileptic syndromes and their subgroups, such as idiopathic, symptomatic, and cryptogenic partial syndromes, idiopathic generalized syndromes, and symptomatic specific syndromes. These differences are probably due to different age limits, methods of case ascertainment and inclusion criteria, different genetic and environmental factors, variable interpretation of clinical and EEG features, and lack of facilities for investigation in developing countries. Despite various limitations, we were able to classify most cases; the ILAE classification can be used in developing countries so that comparison can be made with other studies.

Adolescent↗