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Biomedical subjects

K Mukai

Publications and source records attributed to K Mukai.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical and pathological features of cutaneous malignant melanoma: a retrospective analysis of 124 Japanese patients.

A review of mainly histopathologic factors associated with the survival of patients with malignant melanoma was carried out in a retrospective study of 124 Japanese patients treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital between July 1962 and December 1992. There were 60 females and 64 males, and the median follow-up period was 52.7 months (range, 1.1 to 235.3 months). The histologic features included tumor thickness, level of invasion, histologic subtype, ulceration, pigmentation, and cell type. Melanomas thicker than 1.5 mm (P<0.01) and with ulceration (P<0.001) had a significantly worse prognosis. With regard to histologic type, ten-year survival was 65.1% for acral lentiginous melanoma, 50.7% for nodular melanoma, and 47.0% for superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), there being no significant differences among them. We suggest that the prognosis was affected not by histologic type but by the large radial or vertical growth component. With regard to clinical features, the clinicopathological stage, patient age, and year when the disease was diagnosed were reflected in the prognosis (P<0.001). Multifactorial analysis showed that the most significant prognostic variables were histopathologic type (SSM or other), stage (I and II or III and IV), and patient age (<70 or > or = 70 yr).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Fibrotic focus in invasive ductal carcinoma: an indicator of high tumor aggressiveness.

Histological examination of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast often demonstrates the presence of an extensive central fibrotic focus (FF). The clinicopathological significance of the FF, or scar, in primary invasive ductal carcinoma is still ambiguous. One hundred and fifty-three cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were classified into two groups, those with and those without FF. The differences in frequency of immunohistochemically detected overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein and nuclear accumulation of p53 protein, and the labeling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), as well as histopathological parameters were compared between these two groups. IDCs smaller than 50 mm with FF showed a higher frequency of high-grade tumors, a higher frequency of lymph node metastasis, and a significantly higher frequency of c-erbB-2 protein overexpression than those without FF. In tumors of 20 mm or less, the incidence of nuclear accumulation of p53 protein was significantly higher in tumors with than those without FF. Tumors with FF showed a significantly higher PCNA labeling index than those without FF, regardless of tumor size. The present results indicate that the presence of FF is an important clinicopathological parameter associated with a higher degree of malignancy in IDCs, especially those smaller than 50 mm. Therefore, dividing IDCs into those with and those without FF appears to be meaningful clinicopathologically.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Twice sealed-rupture of a small abdominal aortic aneurysm with unusual computed tomography findings. A case report.

Small abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture is uncommon and fatal. We report a case of twice sealed-rupture small abdominal aneurysm 3.5 cm in diameter. Computed tomography showed unusual findings of a hematoma-like multiple cyst around the small aneurysm. We were bothered the diagnosis. By the intraoperative finding; an irregular pseudoaneurysm, the final diagnosis was performed. After aneurysmectomy, artificial graft replacement was made. From only this case, discussion of the indications for the small abdominal aortic aneurysm is difficult. However, the possibility of the rupture in even this [correction of thus] small abdominal aortic aneurysm should be considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Localization of Epstein-Barr virus in lymph node metastasis with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Epstein-Barr virus DNA was detected in 3 cases of lymph node metastasis with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, using in situ hybridization. EBV-DNA was demonstrated on the nuclei of the neoplastic cells, and was absent on those of lymphocytes. Localization of EBV-DNA in neoplastic cells was confirmed by the double-labeling method combining in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Direct evidence of the presence of EBV-DNA in malignant epithelial cells from lymph node metastasis with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was clearly demonstrated in this study.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Computed tomography of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: comparison of tumor size measured by dynamic computed tomography and histopathologic examination.

Our objective was to assess the detection rate and the accuracy of tumor size determination in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using dynamic computed tomography (CT). Preoperative dynamic CT was evaluated in 35 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and the findings were compared with the results of histopathological examination. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was visualized by dynamic CT as a low-density mass in 97% of cases. All three lesions < or = 2 cm in size were demonstrated in good contrast to normal pancreatic parenchyma. The tumor size measured on dynamic CT showed a good correlation with that measured histopathologically, especially in small tumors. Dynamic CT was useful for evaluating the extent of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, especially for small tumors. The detectability of lesions by CT depended on the manner of tumor extension and the degree of associated pancreatitis as well as the tumor size.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Differentiation of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung by use of DNA ploidy and morphometric analysis.

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) of the lung has been regarded as a precancerous lesion of lung adenocarcinoma, but the biologic significance of this lesion is still not well understood. In this study, DNA histogram patterns and nuclear size were examined, using an image cytometer. We studied 14 cases of Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia (HP), 7 cases of adenomatous hyperplasia with slight or no nuclear atypia (AH), 21 cases of AAH, and 26 cases of adenocarcinoma. The difference in mean nuclear sizes between the HP (32.08 microns2) and the AH (32.86 microns2) was not significant but between the AH, the AAH (38.52 microns2), and the well-differentiated adenocarcinomas with mild nuclear atypia (51.12 microns2), statistically significant differences were observed (P < 0.05). Seven (33%) of the 21 cases of AAH and 22 (85%) of the 26 cases of adenocarcinoma showed aneuploid histogram patterns. The difference in the incidence of aneuploid pattern between AAH and adenocarcinomas was statistically significant (P < 0.01). All of the cases of HP and AH were diploid. Two of the seven aneuploid cases of AAH showed hyperdiploid DNA histogram patterns, and the remaining five showed polyploid histogram patterns with diploid and hyperdiploid stemlines. In these five cases, the small-sized nuclei showed a diploid stemline and the large-sized nuclei showed a hyperdiploid stemline. Our data indicated that AAH can be distinguished from HP, AH, or adenocarcinoma by morphometric analysis and that some cases of AAH that display aneuploid histogram patterns are precancerous lesions that may lead to adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[Adult pneumococcal meningitis complicated by cerebral infarction: a case report].

We describe a 36-year-old man with pneumococcal meningitis who suddenly showed a left central type facial palsy and left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a low intensity area in the posterior limb and genu of the right internal capsule to caudate nucleus in T1-weighted images and a high intensity area in T2-weighted images. We surmised vasculitis as the cause of cerebral infarction, because steroid treatment was effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Kinetic study of quenching reaction of singlet oxygen and scavenging reaction of free radical by squalene in n-butanol.

The rate constant of quenching of singlet oxygen (kQ) by squalene (SQ) is found to be much larger than those of the lipids in human skin surface. SQ is the first target lipid in human skin surface by oxidative stresses such as sun light exposure. kQ of SQ is similar to that of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT). The large kQ of SQ is due to the small ionization potential. SQ consists of six 2-methyl-2-pentene units and kQ of SQ is about 6-times as large as that of 2-methyl-2-pentene. The electron donating property of methyl groups bonded to quaternary carbons of SQ is essential to the large kQ. SQ is not very susceptible to peroxidation and is stable for attacks by peroxide radicals. The chain reaction of lipid peroxidation is unlikely to be propagated with SQ in human skin surface. It is concluded that SQ functions as an efficient quencher of singlet oxygen and prevents the corresponding part of lipid peroxidation in human skin surface.

1-Butanol↗
PubMed1995

p53 expression in multicentric squamous cell carcinoma and surrounding squamous epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Immunohistochemical analysis of 95 lesions.

BACKGROUND: It is now well documented that patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract frequently develop additional squamous cell carcinoma in the same field. METHODS: p53 expression in 95 patients with multicentric squamous cell carcinoma and in squamous epithelia surrounding multicentric squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract in 20 patients was examined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, p53 expression in 129 patients with supposedly unicentric squamous cell carcinoma and in squamous epithelia surrounding unicentric squamous cell carcinoma in 22 patients was also examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Among the 95 patients with multicentric squamous cell carcinoma, 62 (65%) had a clearly positive reaction for p53 protein, whereas 56 (43%) of 129 patients with unicentric squamous cell carcinoma had a positive reaction for p53 protein. The frequency of positive nuclear p53 staining in multicentric squamous cell carcinoma appeared higher than that in unicentric squamous cell carcinoma. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Among the nondysplastic squamous epithelia surrounding multicentric squamous cell carcinomas in 20 patients, 12 (60%) were p53 positive, whereas only five (22%) of 22 patients with nondysplastic squamous epithelia surrounding unicentric squamous cell carcinomas were positive. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that nuclear accumulation of p53 in the squamous epithelium surrounding multicentric squamous cell carcinoma is probably due to heavier exposure and increased susceptibility to mutagens of the affected individuals, although this remains to be verified.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining in neuroblastoma.

Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker of cell proliferation, is being increasingly used to study the proliferative activity of tumors, and the PCNA labeling index has been correlated with the prognosis of several malignant neoplasms. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 24 primary neuroblastomas were immunostained using an anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody and the PCNA index was calculated. Then the relationship between the PCNA index, prognosis, and various other factors was assessed, retrospectively. The mean PCNA index was 11.0%. Patients having tumors with a high PCNA index (> or = 11.0%) showed a significantly lower survival rate than those possessing tumors with a low PCNA index (P < 0.001). Moreover, the tumors showing N-myc amplification had a high mean PCNA index of 15.6%, while those without N-myc amplification had a low mean index of 1.7% (P < 0.01). The PCNA index was closely related to the prognosis of neuroblastoma and to N-myc amplification. It has the potential to be a useful prognostic indicator of the patients with neuroblastoma.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Cholangiocarcinoma arising in bile duct adenoma with focal area of bile duct hamartoma.

A 59-year-old male with history of sigmoid colon cancer had a high serum-CEA level and was referred for the evaluation of metastatic liver disease. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography showed two tumours in the liver. Macroscopically, these were in segment 4 (S4) and 2 (S2). Histologically, the tumour in S4 showed a number of bile ductules with variable amounts of stroma, an appearance compatible with bile duct adenoma (BDA). There were markedly atypical ductules of various sizes, the epithelium of which had coarsely granular/hyperchromatic large nuclei, in some areas of the lesion. These atypical ductules showed invasive growth into the liver parenchyma. Some cystically dilated ductules with bile plugs resembling bile duct hamartoma (BDH) were also seen. The other tumour in S2, was a metastatic adenocarcinoma from sigmoid colon and showed strongly positive staining for CEA. Since the lesion in S4 of our case is solitary and most of histological features are similar to those of BDA with markedly atypical bile ductules, we consider that this may be the first case of cholangiocarcinoma associated with BDA with focal area of BDH. It is possible that the adenoma-carcinoma sequence occurs in biliary tumours.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1995

Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas associated with intratumoral calcification.

An invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas with intratumoral calcification is reported in a 59-yr-old female. The calcification was preoperatively demonstrated by ultrasonography and computed tomography. On the cut surface of the resected specimen of the pancreas tail, calcification was observed in the central part of the ductal adenocarcinoma. Although calcification is not uncommon in chronic pancreatitis or serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma/adenocarcinoma, solid and cystic tumor, and islet cell tumor, intratumoral calcification is uncommon in an ordinary ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. For differential diagnosis from other conditions associated with calcification, careful examinations are necessary.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1995

Surgical treatment of patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and associated Ebstein's anomaly.

Ebstein"s anomaly is the most common congenital heart disease associated with the Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome. Between November 1973 and March 1993, we surgically treated 42 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and Ebstein's anomaly. The patient's ages ranged from 5 months to 59 years (mean 35.3 +/- 14.0 years). There were a total of 52 accessory pathways, 48 of which were located in the right (65%) or posteroseptal (29%) area. A left-sided accessory pathway was seen in only two patients (3.8%). Division of all right-sided accessory pathways was done during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with the heart beating; cryocoagulation was applied together with scalpel dissection of the atrioventricular groove. Division of the left-sided accessory pathways was done with the use cold potassium cardioplegic arrest. Thirty-five of these patients underwent tricuspid valve operation for Ebstein's anomaly and 11 of them underwent tricuspid valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. All 52 accessory pathways were successfully divided, although two patients required reoperation because of tachycardia caused by accessory pathways in different positions. Three hospital deaths (7.1%) occurred. There were no late deaths during the follow-up period (mean 94.3 +/- 52.4 months), but two patients required repeat tricuspid operation because of progression of the tricuspid regurgitation. Because no repeat operations were required during long-term follow-up patients who underwent valve repair or valve replacement, correction should be indicated in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Involvement of an AP-1 complex in zone-specific expression of the CYP11B1 gene in the rat adrenal cortex.

The CYP11B1 gene, which encodes steroid 11 beta-monooxygenase, which is responsible for the synthesis of cortisol and corticosterone, the major glucocorticoids in mammals, is expressed specifically in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. We have analyzed the promoter region of the rat CYP11B1 gene by using a transient-expression system with adrenocortical Y1 cells and have identified a positive regulatory region. The region contained two adjacent sites for the binding of Y1-cell nuclear proteins: the binding site for an AP-1 transcription factor composed of JunD and a Fos-related protein, and the site for Ad4-binding protein (Ad4BP). The binding of the AP-1 factor to the regulatory region had a suppressive effect on that of Ad4BP in the nuclear extracts. Mutational analyses revealed that the transcriptional activation of the CYP11B1 gene promoter in Y1 cells was attributable to the AP-1 site but not to the Ad4 site. Subsequently, nuclear extracts of the zona fasciculata cells from the rat adrenal cortex were found to contain both AP-1 factor and Ad4BP, whose binding properties to the regulatory region were almost identical to those of the two factors in the Y1-cell nuclear extracts. Moreover, immunohistochemical analyses of rat adrenal cortices showed that the AP-1 factor was present in the nuclei of CYP11B1-expressing cells in the zona fasciculata but not in the nuclei of cells in the other zones. From these results, we propose that the AP-1 transcription factor found in this study plays an important role in the zone-specific expression of the CYP11B1 gene in rat adrenal cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Prompt gamma ray spectrometry for in vivo measurement of boron-10 concentration in rabbit brain tissue.

Boron-10 concentrations in the brain of live rabbits were measured by prompt gamma ray spectrometry at intervals over a 24-hour period. Boron-10 concentrations in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were also measured. Animals were killed at each interval to obtain brain tissues to measure the boron-10 concentration in the brainstem, cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, and basal ganglia, as well as the whole brain. Boron-10 concentrations in the live brain did not differ significantly from those measured in whole brain tissue. Boron-10 concentrations in the blood were much higher than in the brain at each interval after injection. These boron-10 concentrations showed a similar pattern of initial rapid decrease, followed by a more gradual decrease. There was little boron-10 present in the CSF. The brainstem contained a significantly larger concentration of boron-10 than the other tissues. Prompt gamma ray spectrometry has the potential for direct measurement of boron-10 concentrations in the brain of patients undergoing boron neutron capture therapy.

Animals↗