Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Morris.
Both chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and baboons (Papio anubis) at the Gombe National Park in Western Tanzania are know to catch and eat meat. There are five occasions recorded when chimpanzees were seen to seize prey from baboons and five other occasions when there was evidence strongly suggesting that an appropriation had taken place. This paper describes these observations.
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The criteria for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease by an automated 15-lead computer-aided electrocardiographic system were examined using electrocardiograms of 543 patients. Errors in the electrocardiographic diagnosis were evaluated for each lead system (Frank orthogonal 3-lead, 12-lead, and hybrid 15-lead) using clinical and catheterization data for definitive diagnosis before review of the electrocardiograms and their reports. The effects of combinations of these diagnoses and additional ventricular conduction defects were also studied. Myocardial infarction and left ventricular hypertrophy were more reliably diagnosed using 3-lead and 12-lead systems together than with either system alone. The most sensitive criteria for anterior infarction were a Q/R ratio in Z less than 0-1 and loss of the first 20 ms of anterior forces in the horizontal and sagittal planes of the vectorcardiogram. However, false positive results were frequent, particularly in association with left ventricular hypertrophy, non-specific intraventricular conduction defects, and left bundle branch system block. Our V lead criteria were more specific whether or not these associated conditions were present. No single criterion with an acceptable false positive rate could be found to be sensitive for inferior infarction in all situations. Our most sensitive criteria were those based on the limb leads, and the presence of superior forces for the first 30 ms in the frontal plane of the vectorcardiogram, but these were better in combination. Limb lead criteria were the most specific. False positive results for inferior infarction were more frequent in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy or ventricular conduction defects other than left anterior hemiblock. ST and T wave abnormalities were more apparent in the 12 leads than in the orthogonal leads. Specificity and sensitivity of criteria were poor, and specificity was decreased and sensitivity was not significantly improved by combining 3-lead with 12-lead criteria. Because of frequent measurement errors of ST, T, and also Q waves by the computer programme, in practice we have achieved increased sensitivity in the diagnosis of ischaemia and infarction with the combination of 3-lead and 12-lead systems. It is concluded that errors of diagnosis by a computer-aided system can be reduced by using multiple leads and that both 12-lead and orthogonal 3-lead systems are necessary for optimal computer diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and ischaemia.
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It has been suggested that routine antenatal prophylactic anti-D should be introduced for prevention of Rhesus D (RhD) haemolytic disease. Before making changes to the current prevention program it is important, therefore, to have up-to-date data on affected infants. Pregnant women with anti-D antibodies between September 1994 and February 1997 were identified by the Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service. The records of 124 women and 130 babies were examined. 26% of planned deliveries occurred in hospitals without paediatric cover. Rhesus isoimmunisation affected 78 babies. Fifty-nine infants were admitted to one of seven neonatal units. There were 2 stillbirths and 1 neonatal death. Two infants have severe neurodevelopmental delay. There is still significant morbidity associated with RhD haemolytic disease. Care for RhD affected pregnancies should be centralised to guarantee training opportunities and maintenance of expertise. The current management of these pregnancies should be re-examined before changing the Rhesus prevention program.
Primary central nervous system lymphomas and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are not uncommon; however, no association between the 2 has been documented to date. We describe a unique case, whereby a patient presenting with seizures and slight impairment of higher functions, underwent frontal lobectomy for a mass lesion. The histology revealed dual pathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma and B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Postoperatively, the patient received whole brain radiotherapy. The patient remained well after 18 months of follow-up with no radiological progression of a known tumor residuum.
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PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To provide additional documentation of the unmet cancer prevention and control needs of poor Americans. DESIGN AND SETTING: Qualitative analysis of testimony provided at American Cancer Society hearings on cancer and the poor. SAMPLE: 46 economically disadvantaged individuals with personal experiences with cancer. METHODS: Review of transcription of oral testimony and qualitative analysis for recurrent themes to identify common obstacles to cancer care. FINDINGS: Six major obstacles were identified: care was deferred because of costs; care was described as "fragmented," "impersonal," and "symptomatic;" patients were discouraged from worrying about bodily changes; patients were discouraged from seeking state-of-the-art care; poor patients experienced difficulty communicating their needs and concerns; and poverty interfered with efforts to participate in volunteer activities. CONCLUSIONS: Testimony is suggestive of the problems that poor patients with cancer face. Challenges to improve the situation include expanding and extending diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitative services to the poor; facilitating education and prevention; and further research to document the scope of the problem. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses should engage in the debate over healthcare reform and take advantage of the opportunities to define and participate in the development of procedures, strategies, and systems for removing obstacles to quality cancer prevention and care for the poor.