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Biomedical subjects

K Morise

Publications and source records attributed to K Morise.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Expression of adhesion molecules in primary B-cell gastric lymphoma and lymphoid follicles.

To determine whether primary B-cell gastric lymphoma (GL) is one entity, we examined the expression of three adhesion molecules in the microvasculature of lymphomas. Stromal cells, including vascular endothelial cells, within lymphoid follicies of the gastric mucosa were also investigated. Twenty-two surgical specimens of GL were classified into low-grade malignant lymphoma arising from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (low-grade lymphoma, n = 9), and high-grade malignant lymphoma with (secondary high-grade lymphoma, n = 6) or without (primary high-grade lymphoma, n = 7) a low-grade component. The proportion of venules positive for ELAM-1 or VCAM-1 was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in primary high-grade lymphoma than in low-grade and secondary high-grade lymphomas. In gastric lymphoid follicles, the stromal cells of the germinal centre (GC) were positive for ICAM-1, ELAM-1, and VCAM-1, but the stromal cells of the marginal zone (MZ) were positive only for ICAM-1. We found two patterns of adhesion molecule expression in gastric lymphoid follicles, the MZ pattern and the GC pattern. Low-grade and secondary high-grade lymphomas, which had the MZ pattern, might be of MZ-cell lineage, but most primary high-grade lymphomas, which had the GC pattern, might be of follicular centre cell lineage.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗
PubMed1996

Abnormal neuropeptide concentration in rectal mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Regulatory neuropeptides are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, where they play an important role in motility, secretion, and immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, the rectal mucosal content of somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP), beta-endorphin (BE), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 56 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 15 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 15 patients with acute infectious colitis (AIC), and 11 controls, who showed no inflammation of the rectal mucosa, nor abnormal bowel movements. The content of immunoreactive (ir)-SOM was decreased in UC patients, especially in those with persistent disease activity, while the levels of ir-SP, BE, and TRH were increased in such patients. Some changes of ir-peptide levels were also observed in CD and AIC patients. The changes in neuropeptide levels were analyzed in relation to histological grades of inflammation in UC patients, grades 4-5 showing the most significant changes. The levels of ir-SOM, SP, BE, and TRH showed no significant change in chronic persistent UC when measured 6-12 months after the initial examination. In contrast, in patients with remitting intermittent UC, the levels of SP and BE decreased during remission. Abnormal intestinal neuropeptide content may be implicated in the continued mucosal immune and inflammatory responses that are manifested in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of plaunotol on hypergastrinemia induced by long-term omeprazole administration in humans.

Omeprazole markedly inhibits basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion and has the ability to produce hypergastrinemia and hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cells in humans. On the other hand, plaunotol, an acyclic diterpene alcohol, has been reported to inhibit gastrin release by stimulating endogenous secretion release. We investigated the effect of plaunotol on serum gastrin levels after six to eight weeks of omeprazole (20 mg/day) administration in 22 patients (16 males, 6 females; mean age 52.3, range 36-70 years) with peptic ulcer disease. The patients were randomized to the following two groups: 11 subjects with omerprazole alone (single group) and 11 with omeprazole plus plaunotol (240 mg/day) (combination group) treatment. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning age, sex, ulcer stage, ulcer history, environmental factors, and Helicobacter pylori (HP) prevalence. After complete drug(s) administration, serum immunoreactive (ir) -gastrin levels increased significantly in the single group (P < 0.001) in contrast to the combination group, and plaunotol significantly inhibited hypergastrinemia induced by omeprazole administration (P < 0.001). Significant increases in serum ir-calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations were observed in the combination group compared to the single group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in sereum ir-secretin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels as well as ulcer healing and HP prevalence between the two groups. These findings suggest that plaunotol may suppress hypergastrinemia induced by long-term omeprazole administration, at least partly, via a certain brain-gut hormone affecting gastrin release.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical study of gamma delta T cell receptor-positive cells in the capsular region of hepatocellular carcinoma: possible role in defense against expansion of carcinoma in the liver.

The localization and distribution of gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR)-positive cells (gamma delta T cells) in hepatocellular carcinoma capsules was investigated immunohistochemically at both light and electron microscopic levels. Most of the mononuclear cells infiltrating the tumor capsules were CD3-positive. Together with gamma delta T cells, they were significantly increased in the tumor capsules compared to amounts in the fibrous septa in non-cancerous cirrhotic areas of the same liver, and compared to amounts in the liver of patients with cirrhosis. Phenotypic characterization by the two-color double-staining technique showed that CD8/gamma delta cells were significantly increased in the tumor capsule, and that more than one-third of gamma delta TCR-positive cells also expressed the CD56 antigen. Morphological observation revealed that large gamma delta T cells were increased in number in the tumor capsule and that the cytoplasm of these cells contained multivesicular bodies and dense granules. These morphological features were similar to those of large granular lymphocytes, and most of the gamma delta T cells were also positive for BB3. This suggests that extrathymic maturation of gamma delta T cells occurs in the tumor capsule, and that these gamma delta T cells may have a cytolytic effect on tumor cells, as shown in large granular lymphocytes; further, the results suggest that these cells may play a role in the defense against tumor expansion.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Effect of cold-restraint stress on immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone and immunoreactive somatostatin in the rat stomach.

The effects of cold-restraint stress on immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (ir-TRH) and immunoreactive somatostatin (ir-SOM) concentrations in the rat stomach were investigated. Rats immobilized with a spring-loaded metallic plate were placed in a room maintained at 4 degrees C for 1-3 h and then decapitated serially for investigation. Gastric ir-TRH and ir-SOM concentrations were measured by individual radioimmunoassays. Cold-restraint stress induced gastric mucosal lesions as well as a decrease of the ir-TRH concentration in the glandular stomach, an increase of the ir-TRH concentration in the gastric juice, and a decrease in gastric pH. In contrast, this stress caused an increase of ir-SOM in the glandular stomach and a decrease of ir-SOM in the gastric juice. However, cold or restraint stress alone did not induce gastric mucosal lesions or changes in gastric ir-TRH and ir-SOM concentrations or the gastric pH. To clarify the endocrine influence of peripheral TRH, pretreatment with thyroid hormone was performed to inhibit elevation of the serum TRH level during cold-restraint stress. Despite this pretreatment, cold-restraint stress still induced ulcer formation, along with changes in gastric ir-TRH and ir-SOM concentrations and gastric pH. These findings suggest that changes in gastric ir-TRH and ir-SOM concentrations may be closely related to ulcer formation due to cold-restraint, and that TRH may act in a paracrine manner in the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Immunohistochemical study of collagen in gastric cancer tissue].

The distribution and localization of collagen types were studied immunohistochemically in resected tissues obtained from gastric cancer patients. The expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) -alpha, TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 on cancer cells as well as the aggregation of T lymphocytes in the cancer tissue were also studied, in order to determine the differences between differentiated and undifferentiated type cancer. The interstitial tissues of differentiated type cancer showed intense staining for types I and III collagen, while those of undifferentiated type cancer showed intense staining for types I and III collagen, in addition to the stronger staining for types IV, V and VI collagen. Characteristically, type IV collagen was intensely stained in the interstitium in 18 of 20 undifferentiated type cancer (90%), but was stained in only one of 15 differentiated type cancer (6%). CD 3+ T lymphocytes were aggregated in the interstitial tissue of both the tumors, where the density of CD 4+ cells and the ratio of CD 4 to CD 8 were significantly higher in undifferentiated type cancer than in differentiated type cancer. TGF-alpha was detected in cancer cells in 80% of the differentiated cases and in 45% of the undifferentiated cases. The staining of TGF-beta 1 was also detected in 80% of the undifferentiated cases, which was significantly higher than 47% in differentiated cases. There were no differences in the incidences of staining for TGF-beta 2 between differentiated (33%) and undifferentiated type cancer (40%). These results suggest that there exist different mechanisms in the regulation of collagen production between differentiated and undifferentiated types of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Possibility of postprandial electrogastrography for evaluating vagal/nonvagal cholinergic activity in humans, through simultaneous analysis of postprandial heart rate variability and serum immunoreactive hormone levels.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in postprandial electrogastrography (EGG) from the neurohormonal mechanisms. METHODS: We measured EGG indices [frequency amplitude of normal 3-cpm (EGG-3 cpm)], high frequency amplitude of heart rate variability which has reflected cardiac parasympathetic tone, and several serum immunoreactive (ir)-hormone levels in 12 fasted male volunteers (mean age 25.3 yr). RESULTS: Immediately after the liquid food intake (250 kcal), a transient decrease in EGG-3 cpm frequency (from 0.045 +/- 0.001 Hz to 0.040 +/- 0.001 Hz; p < 0.05) accompanied by an increase in high frequency amplitude (from 31.05 +/- 3.45 ms to 39.10 +/- 4.08 ms; p < 0.05), and a serum immunoreactive gastrin level increase (from 38.72 +/- 4.92 pmol/L to 54.00 +/- 10.45 pmol/L; p < 0.05) and an immunoreactive somatostatin level decrease (from 15.00 +/- 0.43 pmol/L to 13.70 +/- 0.46 pmol/L; p < 0.01) were observed, suggesting vagal excitement. EGG-3 cpm amplitude and serum immunoreactive human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) levels significantly increased soon after ingestion, and these changes lasted for 30 min. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between changes in EGG-3 cpm amplitude and those in serum immunoreactive hPP levels during the postprandial periods (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the reports that a cholinergic, nonvagal pathway is of major importance in food-stimulated hPP release, the present results suggest that postprandial changes in EGG-3 cpm frequency and amplitude might be a good tool for evaluating not only vagal but also nonvagal cholinergic activity in the human gut.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Combination chemotherapy with FP versus FEP in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Research group of gastric cancer chemotherapy].

Forty-eight patients with unresectable gastric cancer were enrolled for a randomized trial of FP (n = 24) vs FEP (n = 24) combination chemotherapy with respect to their effects on survival period. Of these, excluding 7 patients, 21 in FP group were treated with 400 mg/m2 UFT po daily and 50 mg/m2 CDDP i.v. on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks, and 20 in FEP group were treated with 400 mg/m2 UFT po daily, 50 mg/m2 etoposide iv and 50 mg/m2 CDDP i.v. on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks. In FP group, 10 PR in primary lesions were observed with an overall response rate of 52.4%. In FEP group, 5 PR in primary lesions were observed with an overall response rate of 35.0%. Toxicities over Grade 3 were anorexia (35%), vomiting (25%), and leukopenia (12%), which were manageable. The 50% survival time in FP and FEP group was 233 and 176 days, respectively. Because of the high response rate and prolongation of the survival period, combination chemotherapy with FP seemed to be useful for the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Expression of adhesion molecules and HLA-DR by macrophages and dendritic cells in aphthoid lesions of Crohn's disease: an immunocytochemical study.

The phenotypes and ultrastructure of macrophages and dendritic cells in aphthoid lesions of the colon were immunocytochemically observed in patients with Crohn's disease. Biopsy specimens were endoscopically obtained from both aphthoid and advanced lesions in Crohn's disease patients. Biopsy specimens obtained from patients with infectious colitis and from normal individuals served as controls. Aphthoid lesions contained densely aggregated CD68+ macrophages, which were surrounded by numerous ID-1+ dendritic cells. In the normal controls and infectious colitis patients, however, a few scattered CD68+ macrophages and ID-1+ dendritic cells were noted beneath the surface epithelium. CD3+ lymphocytes were significantly increased in both aphthoid and advanced lesions of Crohn's disease, but the CD4/CD8 ratio was similar in all groups studied. The double immunoperoxidase staining method revealed that both CD68+ macrophages and ID-1+ dendritic cells in the aphthoid lesions simultaneously expressed ICAM-1 and HLA-DR antigens. Electronmicroscopic observation revealed that CD68+ macrophages had numerous vesicles and lysosomal granules and few projections, and that ID-1+ dendritic cells had appreciable cytoplasmic protrusions with a few vacuoles. These findings suggested that the colonic mucosa in Crohn's disease contained two types of macrophage/dendritic cells in the same lineage that expressed intercellular adhesion molecules and class-II MHC antigens. It also appeared that the aphthoid lesions of Crohn's disease featured an increase in macrophages and dendritic cells consistent with immunological activation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Phase II study of protracted infusional 5-fluorouracil combined with cisplatinum for advanced gastric cancer: report from the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG).

A phase II study of protracted infusional 5-fluorouracil (5FU) combined with cisplatin (CDDP) was conducted in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. 55 previously untreated patients, including 40 patients with measurable disease, were treated with 5FU (800 mg/m2, days 1-5, protracted infusion) and CDDP (20 mg/m2, days 1-5, drip infusion). Objective tumour responses were observed in 17/40 (43%) patients with measurable disease. Median survival was 7 months. WHO grade 3 or 4 leucopenia occurred in 10/55 patients (18%) and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was observed in 4 patients (7%). A randomised trial including this regimen is now underway in a JCOG study.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is uncommon in patients with portal hypertension, and the correct treatment for pregnant women with esophageal varices has not yet been established. There have been only a few reports on endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) during pregnancy for the control of variceal bleeding. Here we report two women with esophageal varices who underwent EIS. One was a pregnant woman with variceal hemorrhage who was saved by emergency EIS and was delivered safely. The second woman underwent prophylactic EIS for esophageal varices before becoming pregnant. This woman later gave birth uneventfully. Thus EIS appears to be a useful treatment for pregnant women with esophageal varices.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Endoscopic ultrasonography with color Doppler function in the diagnosis of rectal variceal bleeding.

Extraesophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension is rare, but has been reported after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) for esophageal varices. Here, we report rectal variceal hemorrhage following EIS. Endoscopic ultrasonography with color Doppler function (EUSCD) was useful for the diagnosis of rectal varices and complete hemostasis was obtained with EIS. A review of the literature since 1980 revealed a total of 15 patients, including ours, with extraesophagogastric variceal bleeding following EIS. This suggests EIS is the principal emergency treatment for bleeding rectal varices.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed1994

Impaired interleukin-2 production in active ulcerative colitis is reversed by calcium ionophore plus phorbol myristate acetate and related to altered intracellular Ca2+ responses.

Phytohemagglutin in (PHA)-induced IL-2 production in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) from patients with active UC (n = 24, n = 8, respectively) was significantly less than that in controls (n = 13, n = 8, respectively) and inactive patients (n = 11). In contrast, PBMC from inactive disease showed no significant difference when compared with the controls. Depressed IL-2 production in active UC was not reversed by the addition of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody plus phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), but was largely reversed by adding calcium ionophore plus PMA. Using a fluorescent Ca2+ probe fura-2, we found that after PHA stimulation LPMC from patients with active UC showed a lower magnitude of rise in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) than control cells. These results suggest that impaired PHA-induced IL-2 production in active UC may be related to some alterations of the early signaling events that cause elevation of the [Ca2+]i.

Adult↗