To elucidate the effects of sulpiride-induced (300 mg daily) long-term (64 days) hyperprolactinemia on basal and hCG-stimulated plasma testosterone (T), hCG was given to five normal men five times at 2-week intervals (before sulpiride administration and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). Mean integrated hCG responses of plasma T did not change significantly as compared with baseline. However, mean (+/- SEM) basal plasma levels of T decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 1011 +/- 148 ng/dl to 852 +/- 13 at 2 weeks, 520 +/- 53 at 4 weeks, 572 +/- 137 at 6 weeks and 554 +/- 140 at 8 weeks. These results suggest that sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia (73.8 ng/ml, the average of mean values obtained at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks) for 64 days does not suppress secretion of T in response to hCG in spite of a decrease in basal plasma T concentrations. It is unlikely that the low concentrations of plasma T are due to direct effects of hyperprolactinemia on the testis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical cancer.

The stage estimated by clinical FIGO staging is the main determinant in guiding the treatment decisions. However, clinical FIGO staging does have inherent inaccuracies, because it does not include significant prognostic factors. Presently, MRI is not officially incorporated in the staging workup system; however, it is widely accepted as the most reliable imaging modality in evaluating cervical cancer and in treatment planning. MRI offers direct tumor visualization, accurate assessment of the depth of stromal invasion and tumor volume, lymph node evaluation, and reliable staging accuracy. Published reports show the superiority of MRI over clinical staging, and several recent works on dynamic MRI suggest further improvement of MRI in evaluating cervical cancer.

Contrast Media↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Scanning electron microscopic study on double and single eyelids in Orientals.

The conventional theory is that Occidentals have a terminal insertion of the levator aponeurosis at the anterior portion, resulting in a double eyelid, whereas in Orientals this fiber is not present, and therefore results in a single eyelid have been anatomically demonstrated. However, there have been more than a few reports indicating that the anatomical difference between a single eyelid and double eyelid in Orientals cannot be explained by this theory. Therefore, in order to verify the direction of the levator aponeurosis in the eyelids of Orientals, we observed Japanese eyelids using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result of three-dimensional, cross-sectional observations using SEM, we were able to confirm the existence of a branch of the levator aponeurosis that runs through the layer of the orbicularis oculi muscle and connects with the levator aponeurosis in the double eyelid, as in the occidental eyelid. This was not seen in the single eyelid. It is thought that this new anatomical finding will become an important fundamental for double eyelid operations in Orientals.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An anatomical study of the medial canthus using a three-dimensional model.

Opinions on the direction and insertion of the muscle and tendon of the medial canthus not only differ depending on the reporter, but, to date, have lacked objectivity. The direction and insertion of the muscle and tendon of the medial canthus have, therefore, not been clear to surgeons operating on the medial canthus. In order to fully grasp the anatomy of this construct three-dimensionality, we constructed a 3D model of successive sections of the medial canthus in a frontal direction using five cadavers, and then studied this model. The pretarsal part of the orbicularis oculi muscle is formed from a single muscle bundle of both the upper and lower eyelids, and runs into the medial palpebral tendon. This muscle bundle further branches off along the outside of the lacrimal sac, internally. It surrounds the back of the lacrimal sac without entering it. The preseptal part of the orbicularis oculi muscle consists of a single muscle bundle for both the upper and lower eyelids. The muscle fibers on the side of the skin run into the medial palpebral tendon. The muscle fibers posterior to this muscle bundle run into tendinous fibers, and, in all of the upper eyelids examined, they stop at the lacrimal fornix. In three out of the five lower eyelids examined the muscle fibers stop at the anterior surface of the lacrimal sac, while in the remaining cases they run into the medial palpebral tendon, as with the muscle fibers on the side of the skin. The medial palpebral tendon traverses the anterior surface of the lacrimal sac in an internal direction without branching off anteroposteriorly.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR appearance of malignant lymphoma of the uterus.

OBJECTIVE: The uterus is rarely the initial site of malignant lymphoma. The purpose of this article is to present the MRI of malignant lymphoma of the uterus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four cases with pathologically proven malignant lymphoma, in which the uterus was the only and the initial site of recognized visceral involvement, are presented; MRI was retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: All the lesions exhibited homogeneous hypointense signal on T1-weighted imaging and relatively hyperintense signal on T2-weighted imaging. One case exhibited diffuse and uniform enlargement of the uterine corpus and cervix in the presence of preserved endometrium and cervical epithelium. With these findings, a prospective diagnosis of lymphoma was feasible. The three other cases exhibited MR findings that closely resembled those of carcinoma of the cervix. However, in one case, preserved cervical epithelium in the presence of extensive involvement of the cervical stroma may have been a clue to the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Involvement of the vagina (three cases) and the urinary bladder (two cases) was clearly identified on MRI. CONCLUSION: Lymphoma of the uterus exhibited various MR appearances; however, specific diagnosis might be feasible in limited cases. In addition, clear visualization of the extent of disease seen on MRI could contribute to clinical decisions about treatment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR and CT appearance of urethral clear cell adenocarcinoma in a woman.

We present a case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra that has been evaluated with CT and MRI. The lesion was a well-demarcated mass surrounded with peripheral enhancement on CT. On MRI a sharply marginated mass was located in the midurethra, giving rise to a smooth elevation of the bladder base. On T2-weighted imaging, the lesion was hyperintense, being surrounded by a ring of lower signal intensity at the periphery. A central urethral dot of lower signal intensity traversed the anterior one-third of the mass but was preserved in its entire length.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: MR findings.

PURPOSE: Granulosa cell tumor is a rare but unique ovarian tumor that frequently produces estrogen. The purpose of this study is to identify the MR features and clinical manifestations useful in diagnosing this tumor. METHOD: Clinical presentations and MR findings from five patients with pathologically proven granulosa cell tumor were reviewed. RESULTS: All five granulosa cell tumors were hormonally active. Initial clinical presentations were abnormal genital bleeding suspicious of endometrial carcinoma in two patients and adnexal masses in three patients. All tumors were solid masses with variable amount of cystic components. Hemorrhage within the tumor was identified in three patients. Enlargement of the uterus was observed in four patients. Endometrial thickening was also identified in four patients. CONCLUSION: Recognition of these characteristics may help to differentiate granulosa cell tumor from other ovarian tumors.

Adult↗