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Biomedical subjects

K Morikawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Morikawa.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Early cellular responses in the peritoneal cavity of mice to antitumor immunomodulators.

The early cellular responses to antitumor immunomodulators and conventional inducers, especially the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) responses, were examined in the peritoneal cavity of mice to investigate their effect on primary defense mechanisms. Immunomodulators were classified into 5 groups in terms of PMN response on the basis of its duration (declining or persistent) and extent (high or low induction): 1) TAK (beta-1,3-glucan)-type (high, persistent), 2) lentinan-type (high, declining), 3) yeast mannan-type (low, declining), 4) LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-type (low, persistent), 5) others (no effect). Since the general PMN response is of the declining type, the persistence of PMN with TAK- and LPS-type immunomodulators is a characteristic of the PMN-inducing activity. With respect to the extent, TAK- and lentinan-type immunomodulators induced larger numbers of PMN and macrophages than conventional inducers. These results suggest that some types of immunomodulators have effects on the early host-defense mechanism. From the viewpoint of the general self-defense mechanism we also compared these PMN responses with those to bacteria and to tumor inoculation, and the properties of substances inducing high PMN response, i.e., those with the quality of "foreignness," are discussed.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1983

Attachment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to glomeruli in IgA nephropathy.

It has been reported that depressed phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing IgA was observed in PMN from patients with IgA nephropathy. Peripheral blood PMN obtained from 19 patients with IgA nephropathy and 19 healthy subjects is investigated to determine whether or not they adhere to glomeruli in frozen sections of specimens from patients with IgA nephropathy. The average number of PMN from patients with IgA nephropathy that attached to glomeruli was significantly lower than the number seen with PMN obtained from healthy subjects. The results suggest that PMN function is depressed in patients with IgA nephropathy; it is postulated that these abnormalities may play an important role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Primary and secondary antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes of allogeneic bone marrow chimeras histocompatible at the left or right one-half of the H-2 complex.

Employing a new and reproducible method for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, two kinds of irradiation chimeras were prepared. A/J mice treated with C3H/He marrow cells, which were designated [C3H leads to A/J], where donor and recipient were matched at left one-half of the H-2 complex showed significant numbers of plaque forming cells (PFC) following primary immunization with SRBC, a T-dependent antigen. In contrast [BALB/c leads to A/J] chimeras where donor and recipient were matched at right one-half of the H-2 were unresponsive to SRBC. These results are quite concordant with our previous observations in which B10 H-2 recombinant mice and AKR were used as bone marrow donor and recipient respectively. The vigorous antibody responses after the second stimulation with SRBC, however, were seen in either [C3H leads to A/J] or [BALB/c leads to A/J] chimeras. Direct PFC responses in [BALB/c leads to A/J] chimeras were slightly higher than those of [C3H leads to A/J] chimeras or normal control mice, while indirect PFC responses in [BALB/c leads to A/J] chimeras were low compared to those of the latter groups of mice. These findings suggest that there might be a delay in initiating the response and switching from IgM to IgG production in the chimeras where donor and recipient differed at the left one-half of the H-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Specific elimination of the T lineage cells: effect of in vitro treatment with anti-Thy 1 serum without complement on the adoptive cell transfer system.

Thymocytes from C57BL/6(B6) mice treated with anti-Thy 1 antiserum without complement in vitro were transferred to lethally irradiated AKR mice. Five days following transfer, the proportion of Thy 1.2(+) cells recovered from the recipient spleen was significantly lower (7%) than that from the control mice which had received untreated cells (64%). the B6 spleen cells were treated in the same manner and transferred with SRBC (T-dependent antigen) or DNP-Ficoll (T-independent antigen) to irradiated syngeneic recipients. The recipients developed a response to SRBC which was significantly lower than that observed in control mice, but showed the same number of plaque-forming cell (PFC) against TNP-SRBC as the control group of mice which had received untreated B6 spleen cells. These results clearly show that in vitro pretreatment of lymphocytes with anti-Thy 1 serum without complement specifically resulted in elimination or inactivation of the T lineage cells in the host environment. The mechanisms of the elimination are discussed in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of oxidation-reduction potential on spore germination, outgrowth, and vegetative growth of Clostridium tetani, Clostridium butyricum, and Bacillus subtilis.

Spores of Clostridium tetani germinated in liver broth with +580 mV as the starting Eh value, and those of Clostridium butyricum germinated in liver broth with an initial Eh of +400 mV regardless of the presence or absence of a liquid paraffin covering. Spores of Bacillus subtilis germinated in liver broth with--100 mV as the starting Eh value. Also, it was found that there are two ranges of starting Eh values for germination and vegetative growth of Cl. tetani, Cl. butyricum, and B. subtilis. In the first range these spores germinated and grew, but in the second range they only germinated and then died without outgrowth.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1982

Tissue localization of complement component 3 receptor-bearing cells in lymphoid tissue after injection with complete Freund adjuvant.

Localizations of complement component 3 (C3) receptor (C3R)-bearing cells in lymph nodes obtained from normal guinea pigs or from guinea pigs inoculated with complete Freund adjuvant were examined by staining with fluorescein-labeled anti-guinea pig C3 antibody after treatment with aggregated rabbit immunoglobulin M bound with guinea pig complement. In normal lymph nodes, a small number of C3R-positive cells were observed in the cortical and medullary areas. Non-granulomatous lymph nodes from complete Freund adjuvant-inoculated animals showed a number of C3R-positive lymphocytes in a mantle zone of the secondary follicles between the follicles and medullary cords, whereas in the paracortical areas and germinal centers, only a few positive cells were scattered. Long-lasting existence of positive cells was seen in the epithelioid cell granuloma, although the staining patterns were different from those of the lymphocytes. The appearance of a number of C3R-bearing lymphocytes in lymph nodes from complete Freund adjuvant-inoculated animals might be an expression of adjuvant activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Seasonal variation of serum thyrotropin concentration and thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with primary hypothyroidism on constant replacement dosage of thyroxine.

Ten patients with primary hypothyroidism (aged 32--66 yr), replaced on constant daily doses of L-T4 (mean +/- SD, 1.90 +/- 0.22 micrograms/kg BW), were used to examine seasonal variations in serum levels of thyroid-related hormones for a period of 14 months. Basal and peak TSH concentrations after TRH (500 micrograms) were higher in winter than in summer. Summer values for basal TSH were all normal (normal range, less than 4.8 microU/ml), while winter values were supranormal in 5 of 10 patients. Summer values for peak TSH were subnormal or normal (normal range, 5.0--40.0 microU/ml), while winter values were supranormal in 3 patients, with the remaining values being normal [log basal TSH, 0.511 +/- 0.438 vs. 0.084 +/- 0.244 (P less than 0.05); log peak TSH, 1.394 +/- 0.410 vs. 1.017 +/- 0.423 (P less than 0.05)]. Serum resin T3 uptake, T4, free T4 index(FT4I), T3, free T3 index, and rT3 levels did not vary seasonally, although T4 and FT4I tended to fall in the winter. The summer and winter QKd interval (the interval from the onset of a QRS complex in the electrocardiogram to the appearance of the Korotkoff sound at diastolic pressure), basal metabolic rate, and serum cholesterol concentrations were all within the normal range. Basal and peak TSH after TRH were inversely correlated with serum T4 and FT4I levels. The basal TSH concentration was further inversely correlated with the seasonally altering ambient temperature. These results indicate that during the treatment of primary hypothyroidism with constant doses of T4, 1) serum TSH and its response to TRH show seasonal variation, 2) the hypersecretion TSH in the winter is related to small changes in serum T4 and FT4I levels, and 3) the seasonal variation in the serum TSH concentration may need to be taken into consideration when evaluating the adequacy of a T4 replacement dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical trial of cefoxitin used in the treatment of patients with cholesteatoma undergoing surgical procedures].

Eleven patients with cholesteatoma undergoing surgical procedures were treated with cefoxitin. The following findings were obtained: 1. Eight out of 11 patients' responses were judged "good" and the remaining 3 were judged "fair" with a cure rate of 72.7%. 2. No untoward side effects and abnormalities in laboratory findings were noted on cefoxitin. 3. Cefoxitin should be considered for the treatment of cholesteatoma undergoing surgical procedures because it is well tolerated, has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens including anaerobes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Single crystals of 5S rRNA from Thermus thermophilus HB8 and preliminary X-ray diffraction data.

5S rRNA from extremely thermophilic bacteria, Thermus thermophilus HB8, was crystallized. Using a vapour diffusion method, single crystals were grown with sufficient sizes for x-ray diffraction study. The crystals belong to space group P3(1)21 (or enatiomorph P3(2)21) with a = 99 A, b = 99 A and c = 360 A. A unit cell contains probably 36 molecules corresponding to 6 molecules/asymmetric unit. A smaller pseudo-lattice seems to be constructed with the same lengths for a- and b-axis, and 120 A for c-axis. Reflections were observed up to 25 A on x-ray photographs.

Crystallization↗