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Biomedical subjects

K Montgomery

Publications and source records attributed to K Montgomery.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Advertising for all by the year 2000: public health implications for less developed countries.

This paper argues that the development of global advertising has significant implications for the public health of less developed countries. These implications can be seen in three areas. First, it is clear that advertising and marketing of lethal or health-compromising products like alcohol and tobacco not only can increase the level of death and disease, but can also produce serious indirect effects upon families, communities, and entire societies. Second, advertising promotes a consumption ethic which can have far-reaching effects that go beyond individual behavior, significantly altering social relationships, and influencing public policies and allocation of scarce resources. Third, advertising can restrict the public's knowledge about health issues by substituting distorted and manipulative sales messages for vital, accurate health information. In addition, revenues from advertising are a primary support for many mass media systems and this further limits the presentation of critical information.

Advertising↗
PubMed1992

Primary care physicians' refusal to care for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

We conducted a telephone survey of a random sample of office-based primary care physicians in Los Angeles County to determine their practice experiences with patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Telephone interviews included questions related to the physicians' experiences evaluating patients for HIV infection during the past 6 months and the presence of HIV-infected patients in their practices. Those without HIV-infected patients were asked if this was because they had not encountered such patients, because those patients had died, or because the physicians had chosen to refer these patients elsewhere or the patients had gone elsewhere for care. Of physicians who participated in the survey, 78% had evaluated a patient for HIV infection in the past 6 months; 34% were currently providing primary care for infected patients; and 36% had elected to refer HIV-infected patients elsewhere, or their patients had elected to find other physicians. In all, 48% of physicians in the sample had elected not to care for, or said they would not provide care for, patients with HIV infection. Among Los Angeles County primary care physicians, 36% have refused to provide continuing care for HIV-infected patients and another 12% indicated their unwillingness to do so should such patients present themselves for care. As of 1991, the reservoir of primary care physicians in Los Angeles not yet involved with but willing to care for HIV-infected patients is relatively small (15%).

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Telephone screening for risk of HIV infection.

This study responds to a Centers for Disease Control request to develop innovative case-finding methods and asks two questions: 1) Will men participate in an anonymous telephone interview containing detailed questions about their sexual practices to enable screening for HIV-related risk? 2) Will individuals told they are at increased risk follow up by calling a toll-free number for additional AIDS information, counseling, or medical evaluation? Random-digit-dialed interviews were completed with 1610 adult men in Los Angeles County; the completion rate among eligible men was 68.3%. Nearly 43% of men were assessed at increased risk, half of whom described behaviors that placed them only at moderate risk and half of whom reported behaviors placing them at higher risk. Although the study found men were willing to provide personal risk-assessment information, only 14 of 343 men were willing to initiate a follow-up telephone call to the project counselors as the next step in case-finding.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

The HIV-testing policies of US hospitals.

To determine the human immunodeficiency virus-testing policies adopted by US hospitals, we surveyed a stratified random sample of all nonfederal general acute care hospitals, drawn from the American Hospital Association's 1987 database. Interviews were completed with the chief administrator in 561 hospitals (response rate, 78.4%). Two thirds of hospitals have admitted at least one patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and over 83% have formal written policies about human immunodeficiency virus testing. Most contain provisions protecting patients' rights; eg, 78% require pretest informed consent, 66% require a special human immunodeficiency virus-testing consent form, and 75% require that patients who test seropositive be so informed. Many policies also contain provisions that protect providers; eg, 56% require that test results appear in patients' records, 38% require review of treatment plans when a patient tests seropositive, and 3% require transferring such patients. Hospital characteristics are not strongly associated with the adoption of testing policies.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The AIDS-related experiences and practices of primary care physicians in Los Angeles: 1984-89.

Telephone interviews of random samples of Los Angeles primary care physicians in 1984, 1986, and 1989 obtained information about their AIDS-related practice experiences, and sexual history taking. Data from mid-1989 reveal almost 74 percent have worked up at least one patient for AIDS or HIV infection in the past six months and 39.5 percent are caring for at least one patient with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Self-reported use of appropriate sexual history questions has improved substantially over this five-year period.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of the neuropsychological deficits associated with early and advanced Huntington's disease.

Patients with "recently" diagnosed Huntington's Disease (RHD) were compared on a neuropsychological test battery to patients who have had the disease three to 15 years (AHD) and to intact controls. While the patients with HD showed general nonfocal deficits on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Wechsler Memory Scale, and tests of short-term memory and verbal fluency, the patients with RHD had focal deficits that stressed their memory deficits. The patients with RHD had IQs within the normal range, but their memory quotients, their performance on short-term memory tests, and their ability to search and retrieve from long-term memory were severely imparied. These results suggest that the cognitive deficits of patients with HD do not develop uniformally; memory disorders are early focal signs that precede the patients' more widespread intellectual deterioration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Making a difference.

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American Nurses' Association↗