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Biomedical subjects

K Mogensen

Publications and source records attributed to K Mogensen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

The unique mutation in ace-1 giving high insecticide resistance is easily detectable in mosquito vectors.

High insecticide resistance resulting from insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged in mosquitoes. A single mutation (G119S of the ace-1 gene) explains this high resistance in Culex pipiens and in Anopheles gambiae. In order to provide better documentation of the ace-1 gene and the effect of the G119S mutation, we present a three-dimension structure model of AChE, showing that this unique substitution is localized in the oxyanion hole, explaining the insecticide insensitivity and its interference with the enzyme catalytic functions. As the G119S creates a restriction site, a simple PCR test was devised to detect its presence in both A. gambiae and C. pipiens, two mosquito species belonging to different subfamilies (Culicinae and Anophelinae). It is possibile that this mutation also explains the high resistance found in other mosquitoes, and the present results indicate that the PCR test detects the G119S mutation in the malaria vector A. albimanus. The G119S has thus occurred independently at least four times in mosquitoes and this PCR test is probably of broad applicability within the Culicidae family.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2000

Development of ARI case management at primary and secondary level in southern Vietnam.

In southern Vietnam it is not uncommon that children under 5 years of age die from pneumonia. Reduction of severity and mortality has to rely on proper case management by mothers and health workers on both grass root level and referral level. The responsibility of training of clinical skills of ARI case management in the southern provinces of Vietnam has been delegated to Pediatric Hospital N1 (PHN1) Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) by Ministry of Health. A pilot project was carried out by the Danish-Vietnamese Study Group. The immediate objects were: to provide basic epidemiological information about ARI in southern Vietnam, to develop training modules and case management intervention modules at primary and secondary level in order to enable mothers, village workers, health post staff and district hospital emergency department staff to treat moderate and severe pneumonia and acute bronchitis in accordance with the WHO management guide for ARI and to evaluate the effect of those modules after implementation in a limited number of communes. The modules were developed at PHN1. Ten commune health stations were carefully selected. The purpose of the project and the conditions for taking part had been explained to the health workers. The doctors and other commune health workers from the 10 commune health stations and doctors from the connected district hospitals attended the training courses at PHN1, HCMC and also at the belonging provincial hospitals. Essential equipment was provided and a pharmacy with essential drugs established. The registered health statistics was collected yearly during on site visits. The local doctors and commune health workers gave seminars for mothers in the villages of the 10 project communes. The mothers' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was tested in interviews before and two months after the seminars had taken place. The spread of KAP was measured by random interviews of mothers six month later. In the interviews information on social conditions was obtained. The mothers' KAP had risen by 25% two months after attending the seminars. A further increase of KAP by 5-10% within the untrained group appeared in a survey 4-6 months later. It was not possible to obtain reliable statistics on morbidity or mortality of ARI in the project area.

Case Management↗
PubMed1998

Differences in activity between alpha and beta type I interferons explored by mutational analysis.

Type I interferon (IFN) subtypes alpha and beta share a common multicomponent, cell surface receptor and elicit a similar range of biological responses, including antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activities. However, alpha and beta IFNs exhibit key differences in several biological properties. For example, IFN-beta, but not IFN-alpha, induces the association of tyrosine-phosphorylated receptor components ifnar1 and ifnar2, and has activity in cells lacking the IFN receptor-associated, Janus kinase tyk2. To define the structural basis for these functional differences we produced human IFN-beta with point mutations and compared them to wild-type IFN-beta in assays that distinguish alpha and beta IFN subtypes. IFN-beta mutants with charged residues (N86K, N86E, or Y92D) introduced at two positions in the C helix lost the ability to induce the association of tyrosine-phosphorylated receptor chains and had reduced activity on tyk2-deficient cells. The combination of negatively charged residues N86E and Y92D (homologous with IFN-alpha8) increased the cross-species activity of the mutant IFN-betas on bovine cells to a level comparable to that of human IFN-alphas. In contrast, point mutations in the AB loop and D helix had no significant effect on these subtype-specific activities. A subset of these latter mutations did, however, reduce activity in a manner analogous to IFN-alpha mutations. The effects of these mutations on IFN-beta activity are discussed in the context of a family of related ligands acting through a common receptor and signaling pathway.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Establishment of drug chests in commune health stations in Vietnam, Bamako Initiative.

In remote areas in Vietnam essential drugs are often not available. Some of the reasons are inadequate resources and failure of distribution. All activities at the health stations are very weak, partly because of inappropriate usage of drugs and lack of fund for buying drugs. The object of the project was to establish sustainable provision of essential drugs for commune health stations in rural areas, to teach the health personnel the importance of essential drugs and to create incentives for the staff and a certain surplus for other health activities. Four District Health Centers (DHC) and 10 Health Stations (HS), 2-4 in each DHC were selected. A pharmacist was made monitor of the project. The health personnel were trained in proper use of drugs, drug prescription, price setting, book keeping and management of pharmacy. Written guidelines were produced. One person was responsible for the drug chest at each HS. After recognizing the aim of the project and signing the contract by which the responsible person was bound, the initial capital was given free. The DHC was responsible for the supervision and advice to the HS. Reporting on prescribed drugs, buying and selling price, profit and fund left took place monthly. Monitoring of recovery of capital, turnover rate, rate of essential drugs and incentives for staff were monitored on forms and quarterly collected by the monitor on his visits. The HS were visited half-yearly by a steering group. All ten HS had been able to establish and maintain the pharmacy and to fully recover or even increase the capital and to create a surplus. Seven out of ten HSs had a turnover rate of more than one. The rate of essential drugs sold was more than 60% in seven pharmacies. The interest rate of 18% on average was used for incentives for staff, to provide drugs for those who cannot pay and for equipment for the HS. The cooperation between the DHC and the HS became closer. Establishment of drug chests seems to be a reasonable strategy of reinforcing primary health. Much attention should be paid on training of staff, monitoring, supervision and integration of health services.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

[Prehospital circumstances in cardiac arrest. A prospective study from Slagelse].

The circumstances surrounding the patients with cardiac arrest admitted to a Danish Central Hospital are presented. The study was performed as a prospective study. All patients admitted with cardiac arrest during one year to the Central Hospital in Slagelse were followed. One hundred and twenty-four patients were admitted. Sixty (51.2%) were dead on arrival to the Emergency Center and were not rescucitated. 60 patients received rescucitative treatment in the Emergency Center but 31 (25%) did not respond. Twenty-nine patients (23.4%) were primarily rescucitated. Sixteen patients were discharged alive from the hospital. We found a clear effect of a sufficient treatment during the transportation on the mortality rate. There was a borderline difference between the survival of the patients if a doctor was present at the scene of accident or during transportation. Treatment given by laymen at the scene of accident, and the transportation time per se did not influence the mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

1992 Federal Nursing Service Award recipient. An introduction to monoclonal antibody concepts for the oncology nurse.

Over the past 16 years, there has been an explosion of knowledge in the field of monoclonal antibody technology. There is an enormous potential for the use of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies, and many clinical trials are under way. This paper serves as an introduction to monoclonal antibody concepts for the oncology nurse. Antibody/antigen principles, production of monoclonal antibodies, common side effects of use, and nursing implications are discussed. Results of a recent clinical trial and a patient case study are used to illustrate the application of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies as a cancer diagnostic technique.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

EDTA treatment of intermittent claudication--a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

A double-blind, randomized multicentre study was undertaken to evaluate the possible effect of chelation treatment with ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in patients with severe intermittent claudication. A total of 153 patients received 20 intravenous infusions of either 3 g Na2EDTA or placebo during a period of 5-9 weeks. Vitamin, mineral and trace element supplements were administered orally. The changes observed in the pain-free and maximal walking distances, measured on a treadmill, were similar in the two groups. During the 3-month (n = 149) and 6-month (n = 123) follow-up period, no long-term therapeutic effect of EDTA could be demonstrated. The ankle-brachial blood pressure index remained unchanged throughout the study period. This study failed to demonstrate any effect of EDTA chelation treatment in intermittent claudication.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Temporary pacing in connection with anesthesia. Indications and methods].

The indications for permanent pacing are, by and large, established. Considerable uncertainty still exists about when temporary pacing should be initiated not least in connection with anaesthesia and surgery. The indications for temporary pacemaker treatment are reviewed and, in addition, the two methods of temporary pacemaker treatment are discussed, viz the transvenous and the transcutaneous method.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1991

Murine tumor cells expressing the gene for the human interferon alpha beta receptor elicit antibodies in syngeneic mice to the active form of the receptor.

The cellular receptor for the human alpha and beta interferons (IFN) was expressed, by gene transfer, in a murine hepatoma-derived cell line, BTG 9A. Injected subcutaneously into the syngeneic mouse (C57BL/6), the parental and the transfected cells grew and formed tumors which later regressed. More than half the mice bearing tumors derived from cells expressing the receptor, developed IgG antibodies capable of blocking the activity, on human cells, of human recombinant IFN-alpha B, -alpha A, -alpha D and of natural human IFN-beta, but not of recombinant IFN-gamma. Cross-reactivity of human IFN-alpha on murine and bovine cells was unaffected by these antibodies. The binding of human IFN-alpha to solubilized receptors from human lymphoid cell lines was also blocked and complexes of radiolabeled recombinant IFN-alpha A or IFN-alpha B, chemically cross-linked to their human receptor could be immunoprecipitated by the antisera. IFN alpha beta receptor protein, purified by electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate, was not recognized. We conclude that the antibodies are directed against the forms of the IFN alpha beta receptor actually expressed on the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Working and living conditions of Danish medical assistant].

In spring 1988 almost 6,000 members of the Danish Association of Young Doctors answered a questionnaire containing 132 questions about their working and living conditions. The Danish study shows that many young doctors are worried by uncertain conditions of employment, lack of opportunities for further training, and demanding emergency duty. Traditional sex role patterns in the families afflict the women doctors who have difficulty in holding their own in the keen competition. Stress in different forms is regarded as a problem by about 25 per cent. Almost half of the respondents had wholly or partially regretted their choice of a career and one fifth had considered changing their profession. The physicians own occupational injuries are substantially (24 per cent) underreported. Swedish and Finnish studies indicate that the problems in the medical profession are similar in the Nordic countries.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

[Acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis. 26 cases treated with thrombectomy, temporary arteriovenous fistula and anticoagulants].

During a period of two years, 26 patients with acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis were treated with venous thrombectomy, establishing of a temporary arteriovenous fistula and anticoagulants as thrombolytic treatment was not possible. Twenty-five patients were followed-up after an average of 20 months with clinical examination, phlebography, venous strain-gauge pletysmography and vein-pump examination. At follow-up examination, 68% of the patients were free from symptoms, in 54% vein-pump function was normal and 79% had normal venous strain-gauge pletysmographic findings. One patient had venous claudication. Thrombectomy with temporary arteriovenous fistula formation offers a possibility of ensuring normal venous drainage from the lower limbs in patients with contraindications to thrombolysis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Hydrophobic cluster analysis reveals duplication in the external structure of human alpha-interferon receptor and homology with gamma-interferon receptor external domain.

Evidence is presented, based on sequence comparison according to Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis, of a structural and evolutionary relationship between the human alpha/beta-interferon receptor and the human and mouse gamma-interferon receptor. These results predict that the human alpha/beta-interferon receptor extracellular part is organised in two homologous subdomains connected by a proline linker. They also predict that both subdomains present some homologies to the external domain of mouse and human gamma interferon receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[The significance of the environment for delivery at a special department].

A material of 292 normal pregnant women was subdivided at random for delivery either in the traditional delivery room or a newly established environmental room. The alterations in the physical environment of delivery did not result in more numerous spontaneous deliveries. A high frequency of episiotomies, stimulation of contractions and artificial deliveries in primiparae occurred particularly when it is considered that two thoroughly investigated groups of low-risk pregnant women were concerned. However, qualitative differences in the experience of the course of delivery were found in favour of the environmental room. The quality of the experience of delivery did not depend so much on the physical environment but more on contact with the staff members responsible for conduct of the delivery.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1989

Thrombectomy of acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis during pregnancy.

Acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis is six times more frequent among pregnant than nonpregnant women. The disease is serious because of the risk of pulmonary embolism. The treatment of choice with regard to prevention of post-thrombotic disorders is controversial. Pregnant women represent a therapeutic problem because thrombolysis is hazardous to the fetus. We have performed thrombectomy and temporary arteriovenous fistula in combination with anticoagulant treatment upon all pregnant or recently pregnant women coming to our department with acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis from August 1985 to March 1987. In this period, eight pregnant women and one woman 12 days after cesarean section were admitted. This is an incidence of 0.83 per 1,000 deliveries. All of the women were evaluated with a mean follow-up time of 15 months. Six of nine patients were clinically asymptomatic. Six had a normal ambulatory strain gauge volumetry and seven, a normal occlusion strain gauge plethysmography. Two women delivered by cesarean section, one woman had an induced abortion because of the disease, two women delivered after partus provocatus and four delivered spontaneously. We conclude that thrombectomy and temporary arteriovenous fistula together with heparin is a safe treatment of acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis during pregnancy. There is no need to interrupt the pregnancies except for obstetric reasons.

Adult↗