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Biomedical subjects

K Mizukoshi

Publications and source records attributed to K Mizukoshi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Result of decompression surgery in late-stage severe facial paralysis.

We investigated the usefulness of decompression surgery in the treatment of the facial nerve in 23 patients with severe complete facial paralysis regardless of etiology. All patients were followed up for at least one year after onset. Nine patients underwent decompression surgery within a month of onset (Group A), 10 underwent surgery at a later time (Group B), and 4 did not receive surgery (Group C). In Group A, 2 patients showed satisfactory recovery and 2 fair recovery. In Group B, 4 patients showed satisfactory outcome, and one patient who underwent surgery 131 days after onset showed fair outcome. No patient in Group C showed satisfactory or fair recovery. There were no significant differences among the three groups in the percentage showing sequelae after treatment. We conclude that decompression surgery is indicated even for patients with severe facial paralysis who have a history of palsy of 2 months' or more duration.

Facial Muscles↗
PubMed1993

Facial nerve palsy as a complication of parotid gland surgery and its prevention.

The incidence of postoperative facial palsy in 73 patients who had under-gone surgery for parotid gland tumor is reported. Slight facial palsy occurred in 9 (14%) of 66 benign tumors but recovered completely within 3 months following surgery. However, in 7 patients with malignant tumors, 3 (43%) developed permanent palsy and 1 (14%) temporary palsy. The incidence of benign tumors depends on the tumor size and localization. However, the incidence decreased considerably in the last 6 years compared to the first 6 years. This is considered to be due to routine use of computed tomography with sialography and microsurgery during parotidectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Middle ear barotrauma associated with hyperbaric oxygenation treatment.

We investigated the signs and symptoms of middle ear barotrauma in 67 patients with hyperbaric oxygenation treatment as well as the influence of predisposing factors. Ear damage was classified into 5 grades on the basis of objective findings at otoscopic examination. The incidence of middle ear barotrauma assessed by objective criteria was 68.7%, and showed little variation with age or primary disease. On the other hand, the incidence assessed by subjective symptoms was lower than the objectively-based incidence in aged patients, those with severe neurological diseases, and those who had difficulties speaking. Patients with a trauma grade of 2 or more complained of severe symptoms and were appropriate candidates for treatment. It is considered that otoscopic examination should be performed in patients who undergo hyperbaric oxygenation treatment and that prior management of nasal and paranasal diseases is beneficial in the prevention and treatment of middle ear barotrauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunologic study of the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease. A case study.

We report a case of Castleman's disease in a 48-year-old male who complained of a rapidly enlarging mass on the neck. Thrombocytopenia and the facio-scapulo-humeral type of progressive muscular dystrophy were also present. The mass was extirpated, and histopathological examinations showed the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease. Following resection, thrombocytopenia was ameliorated. Immunological study with flow cytometric analysis was made to clarify the nature of his mass. With reference to recent literature we suggest that the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease may be an atypical hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1993

Nasal septal neurinoma.

A case of nasal septal neurinoma is presented. The patient was a 71-year-old male who complained of nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Results of the physical examination showed a giant mass filling the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. A biopsy taken from its tissue surface showed histological features of neurofibroma. The lesion was completely resected with the patient under general anesthesia. The tumor completely occupied the right nasal cavity and the nasopharynx, partially penetrated the nasal septum and extended to the left nasal cavity. After the operation, the final pathological diagnosis was not neurofibroma but neurinoma in which Antoni type A and type B cells were mixed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence has been observed to date.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Six cases of anesthesia mumps].

Six cases of acute transient enlargement of the parotid gland under general anesthesia, so called anesthesia mumps, are reported. Patient 1 was placed in the left lateral position and the left parotid gland was subsequently observed to be diffusely enlarged. With five patients in the prone position, bilateral parotid gland enlargement was observed. Patient 1 complained of parotid swelling. Patient 4 suffered from slight tenderness of the right parotid gland. However, the others had no subjective symptoms. All cases of parotid swelling resolved spontaneously within 7 days. Changes in serum amylase during parotid enlargement were almost within normal range. Mechanical compression by sheet amadou may have produced the swelling in the patient who was placed in a lateral position. In the prone position, changes in the autonomic nervous system during surgical procedures and anesthesia, vascular congestion resulting from the surgical position, an overactive pharyngeal reflex stimulated by endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation are discussed as possible causes. Evaluation of the occurrence and clinical course of anesthesia mumps provided useful diagnostic and management data.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Retro-labyrinthine disorder in cases with peripheral facial palsy.

In some previously reported cases, facial palsy, even in Bell's palsy, involved vestibular dysfunction. Vestibular dysfunction in facial palsy is considered to be due to a retro-labyrinthine disorder such as vestibular neuronitis or acoustic neuromas. For the past 9 years we have been using the galvanic body sway test (GBST) routinely for differential diagnosis of the vestibular system. This paper reports GBST detected, retro-labyrinthine disorders in facial palsy. From 1981 to 1989, equilibrium examinations were performed in 33 cases with Bell's palsy and in 12 cases with Hunt's syndrome within 2 weeks after the onset. GBST was tested in 10 out of the 17 cases showing canal paresis (CP) in the caloric test. Abnormal GBST responses were detected in 9 cases (90%), 4 (80%) with Bell's palsy and 5 (100%) with Hunt's syndrome. The incidence of abnormal GBST was very high not only in Hunt's syndrome but also in Bell's palsy. The results indicate that vestibular dysfunction combined with facial palsy is mainly due to a retro-labyrinthine disorder and suggest that what is called vestibular neuronitis might be caused by a pathogenesis similar to that of facial palsy.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1992

The relationship between smooth and saccadic components in smooth pursuit.

Eye movements in smooth and pathological (saccadic and ataxic) pursuit patterns were separated by the use of the inverse fast Fourier transform. Results showed that the smooth component was significantly smaller while the saccadic component was significantly greater in the pathological pursuit patterns than in the smooth pursuit pattern. In addition, the smooth and saccadic components showed a linear relationship. These findings give some support to the threshold theory in explaining the relationship between smooth pursuit and saccades.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

Vascular cross-compression of the VIIth and VIIIth cranial nerves.

A 53-year-old male patient had been suffering from severe aural symptoms (pulsatile right-sided tinnitus and paroxysmal dizziness attacks with nausea) and right hemifacial spasm. Treatment had involved stellate ganglion block with lignocaine and the injection of intravenous sodium bicarbonate solution for attacks of Menière's syndrome and facial nerve block with lidocaine for hemi-facial spasm. Despite these treatments, the dizzy attacks became more frequent, developing into the clustering state. Air CT cisternography and vertebral angiography demonstrated an enlarged and curved vertebral artery. Vascular cross-compression of the VIIth and VIIIth cranial nerves was therefore suspected. Microvascular decompression was performed. After operation, the pulsatile tinnitus, dizziness and hemifacial spasm disappeared. From the present case and a review of the literature, we conclude that vascular cross-compression of the VIIIth cranial nerve should be an indication for microvascular decompression only when symptoms of vascular cross-compression of the VIIth cranial nerve are also seen.

Facial Nerve↗
PubMed1992

Initiation of sinusoidal tracking eye movements in man.

Smooth pursuit eye movement was recorded with a DC amplifier during horizontal sinusoidal target motion at 0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 Hz and a peak-to-peak amplitude of 20 degrees. Eye movement was digitalized at 100 Hz and 12 bits. From the digitalized eye movements, the maximum position error, the correlation coefficient and regression coefficients between stimulus and eye position were calculated in each half cycle. The A/D conversion and calculation were performed using a 16 bit microcomputer (NEC PC 98). Thirteen healthy volunteers with normal smooth pursuit patterns were examined. The correlation coefficient increased, but the maximum position error and the two regression coefficients decreased as the target moved. However, all four stabilized from about the 3rd half cycle regardless of the target frequency. These findings indicate that the smooth pursuit of a sinusoidally moving target reaches the maintenance at about the 3rd half cycle after initiation of two half cycles from the beginning of the target motion. This might be due to a prediction (or learning) of periodicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Otoneurological manifestations of the Shy-Drager syndrome.

Three patients with the chief complaints of dizziness while standing up or blackouts were diagnosed correctly as having the Shy-Drager syndrome at the Department of Otolaryngology. Both the electrocardiogram R-peak to R-peak interval and the Schellong test revealed disorders of the autonomic nervous system in each of these cases. Electronystagmography also demonstrated pathology of the oculomotor system and/or central vestibular system. Postural balance was also abnormal in one of the cases. Auditory brain-stem responses were normal in all three cases.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1991

Cerebral autoregulation in patients with orthostatic hypotension.

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between autonomic nervous function and cerebral autoregulation in 17 patients with vertigo or dizziness. Autonomic nervous function was examined by measuring systolic blood pressure response and dynamic electrocardiogram R-peak to R-peak response upon standing up. Regional cerebral autoregulation was examined by comparing cerebral blood flow in both supine and standing positions with single photon emission computed tomography. Moreover, the relationship of each of these three measures to postural provocation of symptoms was studied. The findings indicated that autonomic nervous dysfunction does not influence cerebral autoregulation, but autonomic nervous dysfunction was related to postural provocation of symptoms. This might indicate that impaired autoregulation in the brain stem or the peripheral vestibule, which could not be detected by the single photon emission computed tomography, played a role in inducing vertigo or dizziness in patients with orthostatic hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Involvement of the VIIIth cranial nerve and the brainstem in patients with hemifacial spasm.

Twenty-seven patients with hemifacial spasm underwent neurotological (auditory and equilibrium) examinations to evaluate the VIIIth cranial nerve and/or brainstem involvement. Radiological examinations were performed to evaluate the underlying abnormalities. Twenty patients had abnormal neurotological findings, with the VIIIth cranial nerve involvement being suggested in 10 and brainstem involvement in the other 10. Radiological examinations indicated that vascular abnormalities could be detected more often in the patients with brainstem involvement than in those with VIIIth cranial nerve involvement.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1991

Scanning electron microscopy and immunoglobulins of the endolymphatic sac in Menière's disease.

SEM and immunoglobulin staining of the intradural portion of the endolymphatic sac (ES) were investigated. All 15 normal subjects, from fetuses to an 80-year-old adult, showed well arranged epithelial cells. In Menière's disease (all 15 patients) the ES showed various types degeneration of the epithelial cells. Inner ear deafness experimentally produced by kanamycin injection showed a similar degeneration of the ES. IgG of the ES in Menière's disease showed moderately evident deposits compared with normal subjects. However, these findings were also found to the same degree as IgG deposits in animal deafness produced by KM injection. From the above results it can reasonably be concluded that the degenerated findings of the ES and deposits of the IgG in Menière's disease may possibly be the result of cochlear deafness.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Eye movement control by Purkinje cell/climbing fiber zones of cerebellar flocculus in cat.

Direction of eye movement evoked by unilateral stimulation of the cerebellar flocculus was investigated by a video system with frame memory in ketamine-anesthetized cats. Stimulation of the Purkinje cell zone in the vertical-plane unit on the right side evoked depression of both eyes combined with intorsion of the contralateral eye and extorsion of the ipsilateral eye, and stimulation in the horizontal-plane unit evoked abduction of the ipsilateral eye and adduction of the contralateral eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influence of vestibular and visual climbing fiber signals on Purkinje cell discharge in the cerebellar nodulus of the rabbit.

Extracellular recordings of the climbing fiber responses (CFRs) of single Purkinje cells were made in the cerebellar nodulus and ventral uvula of anesthetized pigmented rabbits. Natural vestibular and optokinetic stimuli were used to evoke responses from these Purkinje cells. Using a null response technique we sorted vestibularly-evoked CFRs into two canal-related categories. CFRs were related to either the ipsilateral anterior and contralateral posterior semicircular canal (iAC+cPC) or to the ipsilateral posterior and contralateral anterior semicircular canal (iPC+cAC). Both canal-related CFRs also responded to downward optokinetic stimulation.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of smooth pursuit by the fast Fourier transform.

Eye movement during smooth pursuit examination was converted to digital values and analyzed by the fast Fourier transform (FFT). It was found that the power spectra differences between the eye and target movements at 0.3 Hz were significantly lower in the pathological pursuit patterns (saccadic and ataxic pursuit patterns). In addition, sums of the power spectra difference above 0.3 Hz were significantly greater in pathological pursuit patterns.

Ataxia↗