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Biomedical subjects

K Miyauchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyauchi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Radical mastectomy with parasternal node dissection or radiation to the parasternal region for breast cancer of medial or central location.

In order to establish a therapeutic approach for primary breast cancer of medial and central origin, we reviewed 183 patients who had been treated by one of the following three modalities at the Second Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School between January, 1965 and December, 1980. Group A (n = 70): standard radical mastectomy alone; Group B (n = 34): standard radical mastectomy followed by postoperative irradiation to the parasternal and supraclavicular regions, and; Group C (n = 62): extended radical mastectomy that included removal of the parasternal lymph nodes. The background factors of the three groups were not significantly different. The overall survival five and ten years following surgery in the three groups were 91 percent and 79 percent in group A, 82 percent and 67 percent in group B, and 82 percent and 70 percent in group C, respectively, showing no significant difference in overall survival among the three groups. When the patients were classified according to the extent of axillary lymph node involvement, there was no difference in survival among the three treatments in patients who had less than three lymph node metastases in the axilla. However, treatment of the parasternal lymph nodes improved survival in the patients who had more than four lymph node metastases in the axilla. Parasternal lymph node involvement definitely worsened the prognosis, showing it to be a good prognostic factor. Thus, extended radical mastectomy should be considered for patients with breast cancer of medial or central location, when extended axillary lymph node involvement is found.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Surgical treatment for chest wall recurrence of breast cancer.

From 1977 to 1987, 23 patients with isolated chest wall recurrence, excluding sternal metastasis, from breast cancer underwent full thickness chest wall resection. The 5-year survival rate after chest wall resection was 48% but the 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 26%. Mediastinal metastasis was proved histologically at the time of chest wall resection in 7 patients, and survival period with mediastinal involvement was significantly (P less than 0.01) shorter than that with no mediastinal involvement (n = 16). In 17 patients with a long disease-free interval (DFI greater than or equal to 24 months), survival was longer than in 6 patients with a short DFI (less than 24 months). For the selected patients without mediastinal involvement and long DFI, surgical treatment for chest wall recurrence of breast cancer should play a significant role in improving the quality of life, and even in prolonging the survival rate.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative immunocytochemical analysis of the induction of cytochrome P450IIB in rat hepatocytes.

We examined whether induction of the phenobarbital (PB)-inducible form of cytochrome P450 (P450IIB) in rat hepatocytes could be analyzed quantitatively by immunogold electron microscopy. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of PB every 24 hr and livers at the various stages of PB induction were fixed by perfusion with a mixture of paraformaldehyde (4%) and glutaraldehyde (0.1%) and embedded in LR White. Ultra-thin sections were cut and labeled by the protein A-gold procedure using affinity-purified anti-P450IIB antibody which was previously immunoabsorbed with liver microsomes from a control rat (not treated with PB). We counted the number of gold particles per micron of the rough ER membranes (particle density). Before PB treatment, the particle density of the rough ER in rat hepatocytes was practically zero and increased markedly at 48 and 72 hr after PB treatment. The rough microsomes were prepared from these PB-treated rat livers. The amount of P450IIB was estimated by immunoblot analysis and the number of gold particles bound to the rough microsomal membrane was determined by the same post-embedding immunogold procedure. The particle density of the rough microsomes increased in parallel with the increase in the amount of P450IIB, indicating good correlation of the two variables. Thus, the induction of cytochrome P450IIB can be quantitatively and reliably investigated by immunogold electron microscopy.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1992

[A comparative study with 5'-DFUR alone or in combination with tamoxifen (TAM) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for advanced or recurrent breast cancer].

A comparative study of 5'-DFUR 600 mg/day alone (C-arm) or in combination with TAM 30 mg/day (A-arm) or MPA 600 mg/day (B-arm) was carried out. Thirty-four patients (aged 80 or less) with no prior treatment were evaluable, and the following results were obtained. 1) Patient characteristics were similar in each treatment group and the compliance in all groups was excellent. 2) The group B response rate (70.0%) was considerably higher than that of group A (23.1%) and C (27.3%). 3) In B, the response rates in soft tissues (80.0%) and bone (71.4%) were still good. 4) Mild side effects were encountered in about 15% of each group. We confirmed that combination chemotherapy with a low dose of 5'-DFUR and MPA was effective for first line treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for rat liver microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase.

The cDNA clone for rat liver microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase (msALDH) was isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence consisting of 484 amino acid residues revealed that the carboxyl-terminal region of msALDH has a hydrophobic segment, which is probably important for the insertion of this enzyme into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. COS-1 cells transfected with the expression vector pcD containing the full-length cDNA showed that the active enzyme was expressed and localized mainly on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. It has been proposed that ALDH isozymes form a superfamily consisting of class 1, 2, and 3 ALDHs (Hempel, J., Harper, K., and Lindahl, R., (1989) Biochemistry 28, 1160-1167). Comparison of the amino acid sequence of rat liver msALDH with those of rat other class ALDHs showed that msALDH was 24.2, 24.0, and 65.5% identical to phenobarbital-inducible ALDH (variant class 1), mitochondrial ALDH (class 2), and tumor-associated ALDH (class 3), respectively. Several amino acid residues common to the other known ALDHs, however, were found to be conserved in msALDH. Based on these results, we proposed to classify msALDH as a new type, class 4 ALDH.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1991

Changes in hematologic parameters during treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate for breast cancer.

To elucidate the etiology of the thrombogenic effects of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of breast cancer, hematologic parameters were sequentially assessed in 12 patients receiving MPA 800 mg p.o. daily for 6 months as adjuvant hormone therapy after mastectomy. The results were as follows. (1) Coagulation system: levels of factor VII and fibrinogen decreased significantly, whereas factors II and IX increased significantly, with a shortened activated partial thromboplastin time. (2) Fibrinolytic system: plasminogen and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex increased, whereas fibrinogen degradation products remained low. (3) Anticoagulation system: antithrombin III increased significantly. (4) These changes were most marked after 2 or 4 weeks of MPA treatment, and returned to the pretreatment level one month after discontinuation of treatment. (5) No patients in this study developed thromboembolic disease during or after MPA administration. These results indicate that MPA may induce a hypercoagulable state, but this state does not directly lead to the development of thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Molecular cloning of the human gene, CCG2, that complements the BHK-derived temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutant tsBN63: identity of CCG2 with the human X chromosomal SCAR/RPS4X gene.

A temperature-sensitive mutant tsBN63 cell line was isolated by the fluorodeoxyuridine method from the BHK21/13 cell line after mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine. When cultures of tsBN63 cells growing asynchronously at 33.5 degrees C were shifted to 39.5 degrees C, a nonpermissive temperature, the ability for protein synthesis was rapidly reduced and cell proliferation stopped mainly at G1 phase, and partly at G2 phase. Synchronized cultures of tsBN63 cells did not commence DNA synthesis when shifted up in G1 phase. The human gene complementing the tsBN63 mutation was cloned by DNA-mediated gene transfer and its cDNA of 1.1 kb conferring ts+ phenotype on tsBN63 cells was isolated from the cDNA library of Raj (mer+) cells with a frequency of 10(-3). On the basis of the determined nucleotide sequence, the isolated human gene turned out to be the X chromosomal RPS4X encoding the ribosomal protein S4. The size of the CCG2 gene was estimated to be about 12 kb by complementation analysis of the tsBN63 mutation with cloned genomic DNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[A controlled study with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide (CPA) in the treatment of advanced or recurrent breast cancer unresponsive to other therapies. Osaka Study Group for the Treatment of Breast Cancer].

Forty-eight patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer unresponsive to other therapies were treated orally with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 1,200 mg/day alone (Group A: 28 patients) or in combination with cyclophosphamide (CPA) 100 mg/day (Group B: 20 patients). Either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) was obtained in eight (28.6%) patients of Group A and PR in five (25.0%) of Group B. The median duration of the response was 5.3 months in Group A and 4.4 months in Group B. Despite the expected better result of the combined chemo-endocrine therapy for Group B, there were no statistical difference in usefulness between the two regimens. No severe adverse reactions were observed in this study. We conclude that MPA alone is useful for treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer unresponsive to other therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A comparative study of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer].

A comparative randomized study of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (IA) and systemic chemotherapy (IV) was carried out on 41 patients with locally advanced breast cancer, and the following results were obtained. 1) The response rate of primary lesions to IA (63.2%) was better than that of IV (40.9%). 2) In the patients treated with IA, grade of leukopenia, as well as the percentage of gastro-intestinal disorders, was low. 3) More prolonged follow-up studies are required on the therapeutic effects on micrometastasis. The author confirmed that IA was an efficacious neoadjuvant therapy in terms of down staging of locally advanced breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with epirubicin for advanced breast cancer].

Thirty-two patients with locally advanced or disseminated breast cancer were treated with preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with epirubicin (30 mg/m2, day 1, 4, 7). The results were as follows: 1) the response rate (CR + PR) was as high as 71.9% (23/32) in the primary lesions. Marked degenerative changes were, also, histologically observed in 22 cases (68.8%). 2) As for side effects, mild grade of leukopenia and hair loss were frequently encountered in 75.0% and 62.5%, respectively. Gastrointestinal disorders, however, was extremely rare (6.3%). 3) Follow-up time was not long enough, but considerable survival advantages were suggested. The author confirmed that intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with epirubicin was an efficacious modality for the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Role of CT and ultrasonography in acute blunt trauma of the abdomen].

From March 1985 to April 1989, one hundred thirty-one patients were examined using computed tomography (CT) and/or ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of acute blunt trauma of the abdomen (CT and US in 36 patients, CT in 25 US in 70). Twenty-three out of the 131 cases (17.6%) showed positive findings of abdominal trauma on CT and/or US. Sixteen of the 23 patients with positive findings underwent therapeutic laparotomy, while all of the other 108 patients with negative findings were successfully managed conservatively. This fact suggests that one of the roles of CT and/or US is to pick up patients with negative findings who do not have any laparotomy. Free fluid collection was demonstrated in all of the 23 patients with positive findings in: all 22 on CT (100%), and 13 of 14 on US (92.9%). In all of the 23 patients but one with an injured mesenterium, injured organ was demonstrated by CT and/or US in: 21 of 22 by CT (95.5%), and 11 of 14 by US (78.6%). In one of the 11 patients, not an immediate US but a follow-up on the next day revealed an injured organ. In 6 out of the 12 patients who underwent both plain and contrast enhancement (CE), CT, CE-CT demonstrated the injured organ more clearly than plain CT. US with sector probe was also useful for demonstrating the injured lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1990

[Combination therapy with 5'DFUR and MPA as a second line treatment for advanced/recurrent breast cancer].

As a second line therapy after failure to previous therapies, a combination therapy with MPA 1,200 mg po and 5'DFUR 1,200 mg po daily was given to 31 patients with recurrent breast cancer. At a median follow up period of 18 months, the overall response rate was 42%. The response rates for bone and visceral lesions were still good for the second line therapy. Patients previously exposed to tamoxifen (24 patients), 5-FU or its derivatives (21) and/or adriamycin (18) had response rates of 42%, 33%, 33%, respectively. The median duration of response in responders was 10 months. The overall median survival for the entire series was 9 months after start of the treatment. Thirteen (81%) of 16 patients with bone lesions were relieved from their bone pain. It is of special interest that the pain relief was also obtained in 7 out of 10 NC/PD patients with bone lesions, resulting in much improvement of their performance status. Side effects included obesity 52%, edema of the leg 35%, diarrhea 16% and so on. One patient developed venous thrombosis of her lower extremities and 4 were suspected to have the same condition. Fifty-five % of the patients underwent dose reduction of MPA at the 5th month of treatment in a median. This combination therapy is useful for recurrent disease even in late stages, so long as close observation is made for the occurrence of thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Premature chromosome condensation is induced by a point mutation in the hamster RCC1 gene.

At the nonpermissive temperature, premature chromosome condensation (PCC) occurs in tsBN2 cells derived from the BHK cell line, which can be converted to the Ts+ phenotype by the human RCC1 gene. To prove that the RCC1 gene is the mutant gene in tsBN2 cells, which have RCC1 mRNA and protein of the same sizes as those of BHK cells, RCC1 cDNAs were isolated from BHK and tsBN2 cells and sequenced to search for mutations. The hamster (BHK) RCC1 cDNA encodes a protein of 421 amino acids homologous to the human RCC1 protein. In a comparison of the base sequences of BHK and BN2 RCC1 cDNAs, a single base change, cytosine to thymine (serine to phenylalanine), was found in the 256th codon of BN2 RCC1 cDNA. The same transition was verified in the RCC1 genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction method. BHK RCC1 cDNA, but not tsBN2 RCC1 cDNA, complemented the tsBN2 mutation, although both have the same amino acid sequence except for one amino acid at the 256th codon. This amino acid change, serine to phenylalanine, was estimated to cause a profound structural change in the RCC1 protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Serum immunoreactive pancreatic phospholipase A2 in patients with various malignant tumors.

The high incidence (40.6%) of elevated serum pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was demonstrated in patients with various malignancies. Serum PLA2 was significantly increased in cancer patients compared with healthy sex- and age-matched blood donors (358.4 +/- 168.0 vs. 241.7 +/- 69.0 ng/dl; p less than 0.01). No correlation was observed between serum PLA2 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in these patients. Although patients with advanced and distantly metastatic cancer of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas showed higher PLA2 levels in serum than those with early cancer, patients with other cancers showed no correlation between serum PLA2 and clinical stage. A combined assay of PLA2 and CEA increased the sensitivity of detection of cancers to 60.8%.

Amylases↗
PubMed1990

Suppression of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias by propranolol and diltiazem in a woman without organic heart disease--a case report.

A thirty-five-year-old woman without organic heart disease who has exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias suppressed by propranolol and diltiazem is reported. Treadmill exercise provoked reproducibly nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) and salvos of ventricular premature contraction (VPC). QRS morphology of these ventricular arrhythmias showed left bundle branch block pattern and right axis deviation. Oral propranolol (20 mg) and diltiazem (90 mg) prevented exercise provocation of NSVT and VPC. However, oral mexiletine (200 mg) and procainamide (500 mg) could not prevent exercise provocation of these ventricular arrhythmias. No ventricular arrhythmias could be induced by any form of ventricular extrastimulations. Right ventricular pacing at a rate of 210 beats/minute provoked NSVT of which the QRS morphology was similar to that of exercise-induced NSVT. Triggered activity may be a possible electrophysiologic mechanism for exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias in this patient, although other mechanisms such as reentry and enhanced automaticity could not be completely excluded.

Adult↗