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Biomedical subjects

K Miyamura

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyamura.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A comparative seroepidemiologic study of the neutralizing antibody against the virulent standard strains and the Sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus among healthy Japanese.

The neutralizing antibody of 160 serum specimens collected in 1978 from healthy residents in five prefectures in Japan was titrated against both the virulent standard strains and the Sabin vaccine strains of three types of poliovirus. Antibody-positive rates with both strains of respective types at a level of 1:4 were comparable in all three types of poliovirus. However, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) obtained against both strains showed statistically significant difference depending on the age-cohort's previous history of exposure to the wild or the vaccine strains of polioviruses: the younger age cohorts showed higher GMTs to the Sabin strains, while adults responded higher to the virulent standard strains. The difference was most pronounced in type 1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

An epidemic of echovirus 18 in 1988 in Japan--high association with clinical manifestation of exanthem. A report of the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Agents in Japan.

Laboratory reports of isolation of echovirus serotype 18 (E18) slightly increased in the summer of 1987 followed by a sharp increase with a peak in July, 1988. A total of 1,094 isolations were reported during these two years from 39 laboratories participating in the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Agents in Japan. When compared with the previous E18 outbreaks, a higher proportion of children at two years of age or under (58.3%) and a much higher incidence of exanthem (46.4%) were remarkable. Meningitis-associated isolations were reported in 30.6%, less than half of the percentage of the previous epidemic.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Application of polymerase chain reaction for bone marrow transplantation].

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a recently-developed technique capable of amplifying a specific nucleotide sequence and has been proved highly sensitive enough to analyse a small amount of DNA. This prompts us to study minimal residual disease (MRD) which is undetectable by conventional morphological or cytogenetic analysis. Using this technique, tumor specific chimeric DNA or mRNA were detected in patients with follicular lymphoma with t(14; 18) or in Ph1 positive ALL in complete remission, respectively. PCR was also useful to monitor MRD after treatment of bone marrow cells with monoclonal antibody. In sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation, mixed chimerism was well documented by using repeated sequences which is unique to human Y chromosome. These results suggested that PCR offers a great help for detecting MRD or mixed-chimerism following bone marrow transplantation.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1989

A temperature-sensitive defect of enterovirus 70 is located at the uridylylation of the genome-linked protein VPg in vitro.

The temperature-sensitive phenotype of enterovirus 70 (EV70) was examined by use of an in-vitro RNA replication system derived from a membrane fraction (crude replication complex, CRC) of EV70-infected HeLa cells. This system was capable of synthesizing the nucleotidyl proteins VPg-pU and VPg-pUpU. Formation of these nucleotidyl proteins was completely abolished when the in-vitro reaction was performed at the nonpermissive temperature for virus replication. Considering our previous observation that the defective stage of the temperature-sensitive growth of EV70 resides in the initiation step of RNA transcription in vivo, it is most likely that the lack of uridylylation of VPg at the restricted temperature in vitro is directly involved in the temperature-sensitive defect of virus growth in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Non-steroidal low molecular substance from porcine follicular fluid inhibits aromatase activity.

To clarify the underlying mechanism of the inhibitory control of the non-steroidal substance from porcine follicular fluid on estradiol secretion by granulosa cells, the suppression of aromatase activity was studied in vitro. Follicular fluid from porcine small follicles was filtered through an Amicon PM-10 membrane and a filtrate with a molecular weight of less than 10,000 was obtained. The filtrate was eluted on a Sephadex G-25 column (1.5 x 70 cm) using 0.01N CH3COOH, pH 4.0 as the elution buffer. The fraction containing the first peak of peptide (Fraction A) was used for subsequent experiments. Human placental microsomal fraction was used for the aromatase source. Aromatase activity was examined by counting the radio-activity of 3H2O converted from (1 beta, 2 beta 3H)-testosterone. The conversion of 3H2O from (1 beta, 2 beta 3H)-testosterone by rat's granulosa cells cultured in serum-free medium was also examined. Fraction A significantly suppressed aromatase activity of placental microsomal fraction by 57% at 120 min, and by 38% at 180 min, in dose and time-dependent manners. The aromatase activity of cultured rat granulosa cells was also inhibited by Fraction A in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate the presence of a low molecular non-steroidal substance in the follicular fluid which is capable of inhibiting aromatase activity. This substance could provide important insights into the regulatory mechanism of differentiated functions of granulosa cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Varicella-zoster virus prevalence in Japan: no significant change in a decade.

A seroepidemiologic time-comparison study was conducted to evaluate changes in IgG antibody to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and to determine VZV prevalence in Japan with randomly collected serum samples from two healthy Japanese populations: 1973 (n = 670) vs. 1984 (n = 677). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was found to be superior to the immune adherence hemagglutination test (IAHA) especially for detecting seropositivity in adults. Serologic results showed essentially no significant difference between the 1973 and the 1984 age-specific prevalences; with the exception of a slightly lower prevalence in the 5-year-old age group in 1973 than that in 1984. In general, the age-specific prevalence was lowest in the 1-year-old group (mean 11%) and increased in a linear fashion until age 9 (mean 82.9%); prevalence continued to increase slowly after age 9 and plateaued at 100% for ages greater than or equal to 25-29.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Aplastic anemia: lack of increase of in vitro colony formation after T cell depletion with monoclonal antibodies and complement.

To detect suppressor T cells to hematopoietic stem cells, growth of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) and burst-forming unit (BFU-E) was compared before and after treatment of bone marrow cells with anti-T monoclonal antibodies and complement in 29 patients with aplastic anemia. The anti-T monoclonal antibodies used were 35.1 (CD2), Tp120 (CD6) and ATL27 (not clustered). Treatment of normal bone marrow with anti-T monoclonal antibodies and complement resulted in complete (greater than 99%) lysis of T cells with negligible effects on colony growth. Preincubation of marrow samples with monoclonal antibodies and complement did not enhance CFU-GM or BFU-E colony growth in patients with aplastic anemia. Using this assay, there was no evidence of T cell-mediated inhibition of colony proliferation in any of 29 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Hemorrhagic cystitis associated with urinary excretion of adenovirus type 11 following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We studied a total of 50 recipients who had received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and evaluated both the presence of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) and the urinary excretion of adenovirus. Twelve recipients developed HC and eight of these 12 patients excreted adenovirus type 11 at the onset of cystitis. Urine for virus isolation was attempted 30, 60 and 100 days after BMT. Among 137 specimens examined, eight were positive for adenovirus type 11. Of these eight samples, six were collected during HC; while in the 129 samples which were negative for adenovirus, only three specimens was collected during HC. Female patients, seropositivity for the antibody to adenovirus prior to BMT and acute graft-versus-host disease (grade 2-4) showed a significant impact on the risk of adenovirus HC. It may be said that adenovirus type 11 is one of the causative agents of HC in BMT recipients.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1989

Hemoglobin A1 in cirrhosis of the liver.

Patients with cirrhosis of the liver (LC group, n = 12) frequently have glucose intolerance secondary to hepatic dysfunction. We compared HbA1 levels and other measures of blood sugar control in the LC group with those in healthy controls (N group, n = 43), patients with diabetes mellitus (DM group, n = 36), or patients with chronic hepatitis without evidence of cirrhosis (CH group, n = 12). HbA1 levels and the mean values of fasting plasma glucose for the past month (FPG) were as follows: LC group 6.40 +/- 0.36 (mean +/- SEM)% and 130 +/- 20 mg/dl, DM group 10.29 +/- 0.45% and 172 +/- 11 mg/dl, CH group 10.70 +/- 0.86% and 176 +/- 21 mg/dl, N group 6.52 +/- 0.11% and 83 +/- 1 mg/dl, respectively. HbA1 in the LC group was similar to that in the N group, although FPG in the former was higher (p less than 0.05). All groups showed statistically significant positive correlations between HbA1 levels and (a) FPG, (b) the daily profile of plasma glucose values, (c) the total or peak plasma glucose values during a 50 g-OGTT. The regression line in the LC group, however, was statistically different from that in DM or CH group. Thus, HbA1 in the LC group is lower than that in DM or CH in spite of equivalent glucose intolerance. Therefore, we suggest caution in the interpretation of HbA1 levels in hepatic cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Prolonged thrombocytopenia after autologous bone marrow transplantation].

Thirty two patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors were treated with intensive therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. In nine out of 32 patients, it took more than 50 days to achieve a sustained platelet count of 50,000/microliter or greater. Significant associations with poor platelet recovery were found for patient age, diseases, period of cryopreservation, the kinds of eradicative therapy and in vitro purging. But most of these factors overlapped each other in the same patients. No correlation was found between platelet recovery and number of cells or CFU-GM infused.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Cyclosporine as prophylaxis for graft versus host disease in adults undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].

Fifteen adult patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) received cyclosporine (CSP) as prophylaxis of graft versus host disease (GVHD). In our patients eleven were hematologic malignancies, and four were severe aplastic anemia. Twelve patients were HLA-matched, and three were one locus mismatched. Three patients received CSP only, twelve received CSP and short term methotrexate. Seven patients had acute GVHD, but GVHD over Grade II were seen in only 3 patients who were transplanted from HLA-one locus mismatched donor. 7 patients had chronic GVHD. CSP were given intravenously at 3-5 mg/kg, starting 1 day before BMT. From about day 30, CSP was given orally. CSP concentrations when patients were given orally were lower in patients who had chronic GVHD. Although hypertension and water retention were seen in 8 patients, and renal dysfunction was seen in 3 patients, the side effects of CSP were mild and transient. There were no correlations between serum concentrations and the side effects of CSP. Three patients had the disturbance of hematopoiesis. Ten of fifteen patients are alive at median follow-up of 18.5 months (8-41 months) after BMT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Severe aplastic anemia remarkably improved by a treatment with antilymphocyte globulin, high-dose methylprednisolone and danazol].

Sixteen-years-old female with severe aplastic anemia received a therapy combined with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), high-dose methylprednisolone (m-PSL) and danazol. At the hospitalization, hematological examination demonstrated as follows; reticulocyte 21,000/microliters, granulocyte 350/microliters, platelet 10,000/microliters and hypocellular bone marrow. Treatment schedule were 1) m-PSL 1,000 mg (day 1-4), 500 mg (5-8)--then tapered. 2) ALG lg/day (day 4-8) 3) danazol 600 mg/day. During ALG administration, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia appeared but thereafter hematological recovery was obtained and the patient was free from supportive care. She developed mild diabetes mellitus and moderate liver dysfunction, nevertheless, both of which were controlled. At 3 months after the beginning of the treatment, hematological examination demonstrated as follows; reticulocyte 236,000/microliters, granulocyte 1,900/microliters, platelet 56,000/microliters and normocellular bone marrow. Although this immunosuppressive therapy was remarkably effective to this patient, immunological relation to the onset of aplastic anemia was not demonstrated in in vitro examination. This combined therapy seems to be effective one for patients with severe aplastic anemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Diabetic neuropathy as a heterogeneous syndrome: multivariate analysis of clinical and neurological findings.

We quantitatively assessed peripheral and autonomic nerve function in diabetic patients and compared them with various parameters of their diabetic status. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (MCV, SCV), vibratory perception threshold (VPT) and the coefficient of variation of the ECG R-R interval (CV R-R) were measured in 85 diabetic patients aged 20-59 years. These values were compared with those of age-matched healthy subjects. Moreover, in 53 patients, MCV, SCV, VPT and CV R-R were investigated by multivariate analysis in relation to clinical parameters. In diabetics, MCV, SCV and CV R-R were significantly lower and VPT was higher than in age-matched healthy controls. The prevalence of impaired values in diabetics was 70% for VPT in the toe, 60% for SCV, and 55% for MCV, CV R-R and VPT in the finger. Impairments of MCV, SCV, CV R-R and VPT were closely correlated with diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and duration of disease. Categorical regression analysis (multivariate analysis) revealed that the impairment of conduction velocity was closely related to diabetic retinopathy and to hypo- or areflexia, that the impairment of the vibratory perception threshold was related to ischemic changes in ECG and to hypo- or areflexia, and that the reduction of CV R-R was related to orthostatic hypotension and to proteinuria. These findings suggest that diabetic neuropathy progresses in parallel with other complications, and that it is a heterogeneous syndrome rather than a single entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The first epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to a coxsackievirus A24 variant in Okinawa, Japan, in 1985-1986.

Epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to a coxsackievirus A24 variant occurred in July-November, 1985 and August-October, 1986 in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. This is the first report of an acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic due to a coxsackievirus A24 variant in Japan The epidemic involved most islands of the prefecture. The prefectural surveillance center was notified of 9,952 cases in 1985 and 6,096 cases in 1986 from three sentinel eye clinics. The neutralizing antibody-positive rate against the coxsackievirus A24 variant of the serum samples collected before and immediately after the 1985 epidemic rose from 1.0% to 8.5%. The coxsackievirus A24 variant was isolated from 48 out of 68 conjunctival swabs collected during the epidemics. The isolates were indistinguishable antigenically in the plaque reduction test from the prototype strain, EH24/70, but had a markedly distinct oligonucleotide pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Use of cyclophosphamide and total lymphoid irradiation combined with cyclosporine in bone marrow transplantation for transfused severe aplastic anemia.

Between February 1984 and August 1987, 10 patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated with bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donors after preparation with cyclophosphamide (CY) 200 mg/kg and total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) 750 cGy. Ages ranged from 5 to 28 years (median 14 years). All patients were previously transfused. Median number of transfusions was 16 (range, 3-886). For post-transplant immunosuppression all patients were given cyclosporine and the last three patients received additional immunosuppression with short-term methotrexate. All patients had initial engraftment and survived for more than 3-46 months after transplantation. One patient developed significant acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and three of nine recipients who survived more than 100 days developed chronic GVHD. One male patient who had received 21 transfusions from his marrow donor before transplantation suffered from persistent granulocytopenia. Otherwise all have Karnofsky performance scores of 90-100%. Although the number of patients is small, it appears that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with the regimen of CY + TLI for preparation combined with cyclosporine (+ short-term methotrexate) for post-transplant immunosuppression is a promising modality for treatment of previously transfused patients with severe aplastic anemia.

Adolescent↗