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Biomedical subjects

K Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyake.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young men with acute epididymitis and their sexual partners].

Untreated infection of female partners by men with chlamydial epididymitis may have serious effects on the partners' fertility. To assess the need for detailed microbiological investigation, 32 patients, 35 years old or younger, with epididymitis and their sexual partners were examined. The patients underwent thorough evaluations, including chlamydia isolation, microscopy of urethral swab, bacterial culture, and chlamydia serologic testing. An infective cause was identified in 56% of the patients. The most common microorganism was Chlamydia trachomatis. This microorganism was identified from urethral swabs in 11 patients (34%). A total of 18 sexual partners were traced and investigated for chlamydia antigen by cervical swab, urinary bacterial culture, and chlamydia serologic testing. Of the 18 female sexual partners screened, 9 were partners of patients with chlamydial epididymitis; 78% of these women had the same infection. Young men with epididymitis, as well as their partners, should undergo full microbiological evaluation including Chlamydia trachomatis for adequate treatment of this infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Microassay of sperm concentration in the rat epididymis by micropuncture technique.

Micropuncture samples taken from the rete testis, caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis of adult rats were assayed for intraluminal sperm concentrations. The amount of fluid resorbed from the efferent duct and epididymal lumen was calculated based on the sperm concentration. Epididymal sperm concentrations increased from the rete fluid to the cauda fluid through the caput fluid. Eighty-nine percent of the fluid leaving the rete testis is resorbed by the efferent ducts and proximal epididymal tubule, and 96% of the fluid leaving the rete testis is resorbed in the distal cauda epididymidis. Resorption is important for the control of intraluminal fluid by the epididymis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Two cases of continent cystoileostomy using nipple valve method].

We performed continent cystoileostomy in which the technique of Kock's efferent nipple was utilized, on two female patients with urethral cancer and vulvar cancer. We recommend continent cystoileostomy for the patient who needs urethrectomy but whose bladder function can be preserved.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Etiology of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults.

Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria is a common finding that demands urologic evaluation. Of the 236 patients over the age of 40, 6.8% were found to have a genitourinary cancer, while 27.5% had other significant urologic disease. However, 52.1% of the patients had unknown etiology of microscopic hematuria and 13.6% had insignificant urologic lesions. Of the 72 patients under the age of 40 a positive diagnosis was made in 16 patients (22.2%). Cystoscopic examination was of diagnostic value in only 1 patient. Therefore, cystoscopy is of little diagnostic value in young patients. Once asymptomatic microscopic hematuria is established and no etiological cause is identified, we follow the patient by urinalysis and cytology every three months and reevaluate the patient in whom urological symptoms develop.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Minocycline instillation for lymphorrhea after extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy. OFF.

We managed four cases of lymphorrhea after extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy by means of minocycline instillation into the cavity around the drainage tube. Two patients had concomitantly undergone cystectomy and one prostatectomy via the extraperitoneal approach. In all four cases, the lymphorrhea markedly subsided, which dramatically shortened the duration of drainage. No side effects occurred. These findings indicate that minocycline instillation is an efficacious treatment for lymphorrhea.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1993

The significance of cystoscopy for the diagnosis of urothelial tumour.

Authors have studied the aetiology of asymptomatic microhaematuria on the basis of complete urologic examinations including cystoscopy, excretory urography, ultrasound, urinalysis and urinary cytology. In 10 out of 422 patients transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder were found. Bladder cancer was the most common malignancy among the lesions found by our evaluation of patients with microhaematuria. We conclude that cystoscopy should be an essential part in the aetiological evaluation of microscopic haematuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Two cases of acute leukemia with t(6;9) (p23;q34)].

Two cases of acute leukemia with a t (6;9) (p23;34) chromosome abnormality are reported. The first case was a 34-year-old female who was hospitalized in October 1989. A diagnosis of FAB-M1 was made. Chromosomal analysis of the bone marrow cells showed a 46, XX, t (6;9) (p23;q34). Complete remission was achieved after two courses of BHAC-DMP therapy. In September 1991, at the time of relapse, chromosomal analysis revealed two abnormal clones consisting of a 46, XX, t (6;9) (p23;q34), -12, -17, +der (12) t (12;17) (p11.2;q11.2) with a residual normal clone. She died in February 1992. The second case was a 42-year-old male who was hospitalized in January 1990. He was diagnosed as having RAEB. Chromosomal analysis of the bone marrow cells showed 46, XY, t (6;9) (p23;q34). Three months later, the disease progressed to acute leukemia accompanied by leg ulceration with leukemic cell infiltration. Small-dose ara-C therapy was given, but with no effect. After two subsequent courses of therapy with low-dose etoposide, complete remission was achieved. Four months later, relapse occurred, and the patient died of sepsis in February 1991. In the literature, 31 cases of myeloproliferative disorders with t (6;9) have been reported.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Expression of VLA-4 on thymocytes. Maturation stage-associated transition and its correlation with their capacity to adhere to thymic stromal cells.

The present study investigates the expression of VLA-4 on thymocytes at various stages of maturation and their capacity to adhere to thymic stromal cells. Whole thymocytes were stained with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8, as well as anti-VLA-4 antibodies. Flow microfluorometric analyses revealed that a) most of CD4-8- (double negative DN) and CD4-8intermediate thymocyte populations expressed large amounts of VLA-4, b) the levels of VLA-4 were considerably and markedly reduced on CD4+8+ (double positive DP) and single positive (SP) (CD4+8- or CD4-8+) populations, respectively. This contrasted with an increase in the levels of LFA-1 along with thymocyte maturation. DN, DP, and SP subsets were isolated and examined for their capacity to express VLA-4 and to adhere to fibronectin (FN) molecules as well as thymic stromal cells expressing FN. DN, DP, and SP subsets were confirmed to express the respective high, low, and very low levels of VLA-4, respectively. Approximately 70% of DN thymocytes became bound to FN-precoated culture plates, whereas 30 to 40% of DP and only 10 to 20% of SP cells adhered to FN. Similar patterns of adhesion were observed between these thymocyte subsets and thymic stromal monolayers. The binding of the DN subset to FN-plates or thymic stromal monolayers was inhibited only marginally by the RGDS peptide, but was efficiently inhibited by V10 peptide (cell-binding sequence that is located in the V region on FN and reacts with the VLA-4 integrin) or anti-VLA-4 antibody. Anti-VLA-4 antibody plus RGDS peptide strongly inhibited DN cell binding to FN-coated plates and thymic stromal monolayers. These results indicate that i) VLA-4 expressed on DN thymocytes functions as an important integrin for interacting with thymic stromal cells; ii) the expression level of this integrin decreases with the progress of thymocyte maturation, and iii) most of the mature thymocytes (SP) are rendered less adhesive to thymic stromal cells by reducing the level of VLA-4 expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Highly restricted expression of a stromal cell determinant in mouse bone marrow in vivo.

B lymphocyte precursor cells in mouse bone marrow develop in close association with stromal cells which provide essential growth signals. To identify molecules that may normally play a role in this interaction we have examined the in vivo binding of a new monoclonal antibody (mAb) (KMI6) that recognizes a determinant on a bone marrow stromal cell line (BMS2) in vitro. Flow cytometric and radioautographic evaluations revealed that the antigen recognized by KMI6 is represented on the surface of an extremely small number of cells in bone marrow cell suspensions from adult mice. An apparent molecular mass of 110 kD was obtained by surface labeling of a stromal cell clone and immunoprecipitation. Purified mAb KMI6 labeled with 125I was then given intravenously to young C3H/HeJ mice. Unbound mAb was washed out by cardiac perfusion and femoral bone marrow was examined by light and electron microscope radioautography. KMI6 labeling was heavy on the plasma membrane of many stromal cells, especially those located towards the outer subosteal region. The KMI6-labeled stromal cells were usually associated with cells of lymphoid morphology which they often completely surrounded. The labeling was restricted to areas of stromal cell plasma membranes in contact with lymphoid cells. The lymphoid cells themselves, as well as macrophages and other hemopoietic cells, failed to bind mAb KMI6 significantly. Stromal cells in bone marrow depleted of hemopoietic cells by gamma-irradiation (9,5 Gy) bound mAb KMI6 at reduced intensity. The results demonstrate that the KMI6 determinant, a 110-kD protein, is expressed on bone marrow stromal cells in vivo. Its restriction to areas of interaction with lymphoid cells suggests a role in forming microenvironmental niches of B lymphopoiesis. The surface membrane of individual stromal cells may thus be functionally polarized towards interacting B cell precursors and other hemopoietic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cloning of murine and rat vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily which interacts with the integrin very late antigen 4 (VLA4). We have cloned the cDNAs for both murine and rat VCAM1 from endotoxin-treated lung libraries. Both sequences encode proteins with seven extracellular Ig-like domains, which show 75.9% and 76.9% identity, respectively, with human VCAM1. Both murine and human cell lines show VLA4-dependent binding to COS cells transiently expressing murine and rat VCAM1. Two mAbs, M-K/1 and M-K/2, which recognize an antigen on murine bone marrow stromal cell lines, bind to murine VCAM1 expressed in COS cells and block VCAM1-dependent adhesion, confirming that these mAbs recognize murine VCAM1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Requirements for hyaluronic acid binding by CD44: a role for the cytoplasmic domain and activation by antibody.

The CD44-negative T lymphoma AKR1 (CD44.2 genotype) was transfected with a CD44.1 cDNA. The intact cDNA conferred on the transfected cells the ability to bind hyaluronic acid (HA) both from solution and immobilized on culture plates. It also conferred a CD44-dependent and hyaluronidase-sensitive increase in adhesion to a lymph node endothelial cell line. A mutant cDNA which codes for a CD44 molecule lacking most of the cytoplasmic domain of CD44 was also transfected into AKR1, and cell sorting was used to select transfectants expressing levels of cell surface CD44 expression comparable with the line transfected with the wild-type CD44 cDNA. The cells transfected with the mutant construct bound fluoresceinated HA from solution very poorly, but did adhere to immobilized HA, though less well than cells transfected with the wild-type construct. This result indicates that the cytoplasmic domain of CD44 is necessary for binding of HA from solution but is not required for binding to immobilized HA, although it may contribute to adhesion following ligand recognition. A monoclonal antibody (mAb), IRAWB 14, which reacts with CD44 on all CD44+ cells dramatically induced HA binding by some CD44+ cell lines that did not constitutively bind HA. The transfectant expressing a CD44 molecule with a truncated cytoplasmic domain could be induced by this antibody to bind fluoresceinated-HA from solution. Splenic T cells did not bind fluoresceinated HA constitutively. In the presence of the IRAWB 14 mAb, virtually all CD44+ splenic T cells bound HA. Induction was immediate and occurred equally well at room temperature and at 4 degrees C, indicating that the new HA-binding activity was due to preexistent CD44 molecules. These results are compatible with an antibody-induced activation of CD44 by either a conformational change in the CD44 molecule or a change in the distribution of CD44 molecules on the cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacokinetic analysis of maprotiline and its demethylated metabolite in serum and brain of rats after acute and chronic oral administration of maprotiline.

Compartmental model analysis by simultaneous curve fitting was used to ascertain the pharmacokinetic relationship between maprotiline (MAP) and its demethylated metabolite desmethylmaprotiline (DMAP) in the serum and brain of rats after single or multiple oral administrations of MAP. The extent of bioavailability and the fraction metabolized to DMAP after acute oral administration were 0.202 and 0.065, respectively, indicating first-pass metabolism of MAP. Although the estimated transfer rate constants to and from the brain (k(in) and k(out)) of MAP were higher than those of DMAP, the k(in):k(out) ratio for MAP was similar to that for DMAP. These findings indicate the equivalent ability of MAP and DMAP to penetrate into the brain after acute oral administration. The estimated values of bioavailability and fraction metabolized to DMAP increased 2.6 and 1.7 times, respectively, after chronic administration of MAP. These findings are attributable to inhibited distribution in tissue. The k(in) and k(out) values of MAP decreased, whereas those of DMAP showed no marked change. Therefore, the k(in):k(out) ratio for MAP decreased, whereas that for DMAP did not change. These results suggest that the permeability of MAP into the brain might be affected and that of DMAP is not modified by chronic administration of MAP.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Increased aqueous flare as a result of a therapeutic dose of mannitol in humans.

To evaluate the effects of mannitol on aqueous flare (aqueous protein concentration), we administered an intravenous clinical therapeutic dose to normal young adults (average age 20.1 years), to normal older adults (average age 61.5 years), and also to patients with diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, or pseudoexfoliation syndrome who were about to undergo intraocular surgery (average age 66.4 years). Protein and cell levels in the aqueous were determined with a device that measures laser light scatter in the aqueous. Mannitol increased the intensity of aqueous flare. In all subjects, the intensity of aqueous flare was greatest around 1 h following drug administration; the magnitude and duration of the aqueous flare increase were significantly greater in normal older adults than in normal young adults; the magnitude was essentially the same in older adults with and without disease. The effect reversed within 6 h of drug administration in normal subjects. We consider the findings to represent changes in actual aqueous protein concentration and discuss the possible causes of this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Elevated levels of serum aldolase A in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

To clarify whether serum aldolase A is a useful biomarker for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we determined serum levels of the aldolase A isozyme by an enzyme immunoassay in patients suffering from RCC, other urological tumors, and benign urological diseases. Forty-six of 126 patients with RCC (37%) had elevated serum aldolase A. The positive rates were 23% in stage I, 40% in stage II, 63% in stage III, and 46% in stage IV. In 10 (83%) of 12 patients whose serum levels had been elevated preoperatively, these were reduced to within the normal range after nephrectomy. Four of 7 patients (57%) with progressive disease had elevated levels of aldolase A. In contrast, the positive rates were only 9.9% in 71 patients with other urological tumors and 5.8% in 52 cases of benign urological diseases. High concentrations of aldolase A isozyme in RCC tissues might be reflected in elevated serum levels. The present findings indicate that serum aldolase A is a useful biomarker for monitoring the clinical course of patients with RCC.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

An immunohistochemical study on HLA-DR expression in human meningiomas.

The expression of HLA-DR was examined in 38 cases of meningiomas with the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method using two monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR (LN-3 and TAL-IB5) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Similar immunoreactivity was obtained with these two monoclonal antibodies. In addition to infiltrated lymphoid cells and perivascular macrophages, tumor cells themselves showed HLA-DR expression in 16 cases (42%) of meningiomas. The rate of HLA-DR-positive cases in the transitional and fibrous subtypes (64% and 67%, respectively) was higher than that in the meningotheliomatous subtype (8%). Spindle-shaped tumor cells were frequently positive for HLA-DR, whereas few of meningotheliomatous cells with plump cytoplasm were positive. Most of HLA-DR-positive cases showed no or scanty lymphoid cell infiltration, and a few cases with marked infiltration of lymphoid cells were variable for HLA-DR expression. These findings suggest little correlation between HLA-DR expression of tumor cells and the degree of lymphoid cell infiltration, but indicate an aberrant HLA-DR expression of tumor cells themselves.

Adult↗