Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Miyai.
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Fluorescence quenching immunoassay of serum cortisol was established. The minimal amount of cortisol detected was 3.1 ng/tube and serum concentration of 3.1 micrograms/dl to 100 micrograms/dl of cortisol could be measured. Intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation were 7.7-10.5% and 10.7-13.3%, respectively. Cortisol values determined by the present method correlated well with those determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.97, y = 0.89 x + 0.88, n = 33). This fluorescence quenching immunoassay satisfied the standard criteria of dilution and accuracy, and is a rapid and simple method requiring no antibody-bound and free separation.
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is characterized grossly by diffusely nodular liver resembling micronodular cirrhosis. Viewed microscopically, the nodules consist of regenerative parenchyma without fibrosis, which are usually smaller than the hepatic lobule. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia is distinct from other nodular lesions of the liver such as cirrhosis, partial nodular transformation, focal nodular hyperplasia, and adenoma. Although nodular regenerative hyperplasia is seldom reported, it may occur more frequently than it is recognized.
We have investigated the relationship between pulmonary artery occlusion (PAO) and the surfactant system of the lung by studying the ultrastructural responses of type II alveolar pneumocytes to PAO of 4-12 h duration in 16 mongrel dogs. In six of these animals, the occluded lung was allowed to reperfuse for 6 h before killing and in four animals subjected to PAO of 4 h duration, the occluded lung was ventilated with 5% CO2 balance air. PAO by itself resulted in a dramatic 80% reduction in the volumetric density of lamellar bodies (LB) in the type II cells. This resulted predominantly from a decrese in volume of the individual LB. Although reperfusion was associated with an increase in LB volume density toward normal, 6 h of reperfusion was insufficient to re-establish normal type II cellular morphology. Ventilation of the occluded lung with 5% CO2 prevented LB depletion indicating that alveolar CO2 tension may affect the release and/or synthesis of LB in type II pneumocytes.
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Protrusion of the eyes of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease was compared with that of healthy subjects. The mean values for protrusion in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease and in healthy subjects were 16.6 +/- 2.1 mm (mean +/- SD; n = 122), 14.2 +/- 1.8 mm (n = 100), and 13.9 +/- 1.9 mm (n = 558), respectively. The value of Graves' disease was significantly different from that for healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Individual values for protrusion showed a similar normal distribution in these three groups, but were displaced to higher values as a whole in Graves' disease. These results, which suggest that almost all patients with Graves' disease have exophthalmos, do not support the idea that Graves' ophthalmopathy is a distinct single autoimmune disease.
The changes of circulating thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) in three patients with Graves' disease with relapsed hyperthyroidism after delivery were examined. All three patients were in clinical remission before and during pregnancy, but hyperthyroidism, with high radioactive iodine uptake, recurred 3--5 months post partum. TSAb activity, measured serially, was not detected at the time of the postpartum relapse, although it was detectable during pregnancy and in the euthyroid state after therapy. In two cases, the titer of antithyroid microsomal antibody increased concomitantly with an increase in the free T4 index. These data suggest that TSAb may not be a pathological thyroid stimulator in patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism after delivery in Graves' disease.
Radioimmunoassayable TRH and TSH were measured in plasma samples taken at 5 min intervals for 4 hr (2100-0200 hr) from 4 normal male subjects. Three subjects showed a TSH surge at 2135 hr, 2455 hr and 0150 hr, respectively. The mean plasma TRH level of the 4 subjects was 10.3-11.7 pg/ml. Plasma TRH showed random fluctuation, which did not coincide with the nocturnal increase in plasma TSH.
A double antibody heterologous enzyme immunoassay was developed for measuring thyroxine (T4) in serum and in dried blood samples on filter paper for use in screening for neonatal hypothyroidism. In this method, ethanol extracts of 100 microliter of serum or dried blood spots of 9 mm in diameter were incubated with T4-alkaline phosphatase conjugate prepared with glutaraldehyde, and antiserum to T4-bovine serum albumin conjugate prepared with carbodiimide. The enzyme activity in the precipitates formed with second antibody was then determined photometrically at 500 nm. The measurable range of T4 was 1-32 micrograms/dl. A linear relation was obtained between the sample volume and the T4 value, and a high correlation was found between values for T4 determined by this method and those for T4 in serum determined by radioimmunoassay (coefficient of correlation: r=0.97 for serum and r=0.88 for dried blood samples).
Peripheral T and B lymphocytes were examined in autoimmune thyroid diseases. The percentages of T and B lymphocytes were calculated from the proportions of E and EAC rosette-forming cells and peroxidase-positive cells determined by micromethods. In thyrotoxic Graves' disease, the percentage of T cells was significantly lower, and the percentage of B cells was higher than in normal controls. The absolute count of B lymphocytes was also markedly increased. The serum levels of thyroid hormones showed a significant correlation with the percentage of B cells and an inverse correlation with that of T cells in untreated cases of Graves' disease. Similar abnormalities of lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease under drug therapy, but the proportions and absolute counts of T and B lymphocytes were normal in euthyroid patients with Graves' disease, either under drug therapy or in remission. No abnormalities in T and B cells were found in Hashimoto's disease. The data indicate that the main feature of the abnormality of the lymphocyte subpopulations in thyrotoxic Graves' disease is an increase of B lymphocytes. The reasons for the discrepancy between our results and those of earlier reports and for the B cell abnormality in Graves' disease are discussed.
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A rare case of follicular adenoma arising from the thyroid tissue of a benign cystic teratoma of the left ovary was described in a 28-year-old, 13 weeks pregnant woman. Histologically, the tumor showed pleomorphic adenomatous patterns; embryonal type, fetal type, simple type and oxyphil type. The final diagnosis of follicular adenoma was established by ultrastructural, immunohistological and endocrinological studies. The patient was successfully operated, delivered of a normal full term male infant and is now under a follow-up study.
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We describe an enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen, with use of a Hepanostika test kit and "Photo-Elisa 1," a photometer capable of measuring small quantities of test material. Because the length of the optical path in the "Photo-Elisa 1" is only 1.2 mm, volumes as small as 15 micro L can be can be measured. Accuracy is enhanced through cancellation of background absorbance by measurement at two wavelengths. Results obtained with the kit compare well with those by radioimmunoassay. By substituting photometric reading for visual reading, Hepanostika provides a more nearly accurate screening test.