[Correlation between trh possession and urease production of clinical isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus].
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Bacterial Toxins↗
Biomedical subjects
K Miyagi
Publications and source records attributed to K Miyagi.
Adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelial cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis before and after treatment with endotoxin lipopolysaccharide.
We investigated the in vitro adhesion of 51Cr-labeled lymphocytes to cultured brain endothelial cells and the in vivo expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on cerebral endothelial cells in a rat model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) before and after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Adhesion of lymphocytes to cerebral endothelial cells was significantly increased in EAE compared with controls (p < 0.01), and was significantly correlated with the percentage of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen-positive cells in lymph node cells (p < 0.001). LPS enhanced ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells and lymphocyte adhesion to those cells, and caused a significant increase in the in vivo expression of ICAM-1 compared with controls (p < 0.001). Lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells was significantly blocked by monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, or very late activation antigen-4. Our findings suggest that lymphocyte adhesion to brain endothelial cells may contribute to lymphocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier in EAE and that LPS may cause progression of EAE lesions.
Animals↗
Soluble E-selectin in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy.
To evaluate the activation of endothelial cells of the brain and the spinal cord, we investigated the presence of soluble endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (sE-selectin) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and those with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy (HAM). There were significantly higher levels of sE-selectin found in the serum of patients with relapsing-remitting MS during an exacerbation (p < 0.001) and those with chronic progressive MS (p < 0.01) compared with controls. Serum levels of sE-selectin in patients with HAM did not differ significantly from serum levels in controls or non-HAM carriers. We also found sE-selectin in the CSF of eight patients during an exacerbation of relapsing-remitting MS. These results suggest that an active immune reaction involving E-selectin production that is indicative of endothelial cell damage occurs in the CNS of patients during an exacerbation of relapsing-remitting MS. Thus, sE-selectin may be useful in monitoring disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.
Adult↗
[Staged operation of multiple aortic aneurysms with myocardial infarction and stenosis of three coronary arteries].
A 69-year-old man with multiple aortic aneurysms was admitted to the university hospital because of increasing the size of aneurysms. A coronary angiogram revealed three vessel disease (LAD at seg 7: 90%, D1: 75%, LCX at seg 13: 95%, RCA at seg 3: recanalization) and left ventriculography showed hypokinesis of the inferior wall. Staged extending operation was performed. Graft replacement of ascending and arch aortic aneurysms associated with coronary artery bypass grafting was done in the first operation. Two months after the 1st operation, thoracoabdominal and infrarenal aortic aneurysms were replaced by synthetic graft and the intercostal arteries (Th10, 11, 12) and the lumbar arteries (L1, 4) were reconstructed with synthetic bypass from the implanted graft. Postoperative course was uneventful and he has been well without any symptoms of paraplegia 26 months after the first operation.
Aged↗
Histological studies on the rheumatoid synovial membrane irradiated with a low energy laser.
The beneficial effects of low energy laser irradiation on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints have been reported, but the mechanisms of action of low energy lasers in RA are unclear. The synovial membrane in cases of RA was studied histologically to observe the effects of low energy laser irradiation. Fourteen knee joints of RA cases, which had been scheduled for arthroplasty, were irradiated with a gallium-aluminium-arsenide (Ga-Al-As) laser (790 nm in wavelength and 10 mW of output power) prior to the surgical operation, at six points of the external aspect of the knee joint for 80 seconds at each points once a day for 6 days. On the day following the last irradiation, pieces of synovial membrane from the lateral irradiated area and from the median nonirradiated area as a control were resected during the arthroplasty. The histological findings of the irradiated synovial membrane showed flattening of epithelial cells, decreased villous proliferation, narrowed vascular lumen, and less infiltration of inflammatory cells compared with those of nonirradiated synovia. The evaluation of slides was done in a blinded manner, and significant differences was seen by Wilcoxon's t-test (P < 0.01). Histological findings suggested that the low energy laser irradiation induced suppression of inflammation in the synovial membrane of RA.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Expression of Fc epsilon R2/CD23 and p55 IL-2R/CD25 on peripheral blood macrophages/monocytes in multiple sclerosis.
Macrophages have been found histologically to be activated in multiple sclerosis. We analyzed the expression of CD23 and CD25 on monocytes/macrophages in peripheral blood obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to investigate their role in the demyelinating process. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 30 patients with MS including four Baló's diseases (24 with acute relapsing type disease, six with chronic progressive type disease) and 12 healthy controls. The percentage of CD14+CD23+ monocytes/macrophages and CD14+CD25+ monocytes/macrophages were determined by two-color flow cytometry. The percentage of CD14+CD23+ monocytes was significantly higher in patients with MS in the active phase as compared with controls (P < 0.01). Six patients with acute relapsing MS, who had received no therapy, had higher CD14+CD23+ cells than did controls (P < 0.0001). CD14+CD25+ monocytes/macrophages were not detected in peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages of patients with MS except Baló's concentric sclerosis. The four patients with Baló's concentric sclerosis had markedly elevated levels of CD14+CD25+ monocytes/macrophages. Our findings suggest that monocytes/macrophages are activated during an exacerbation of MS, and that they may play an important role in the process of demyelination.
Adult↗
Increased levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor in patients with multiple sclerosis and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent mediator produced by activated T lymphocytes and macrophages, which may play a role in the pathogenesis and development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). The first step in the induction of many biological effects elicited by TNF-alpha is its binding to specific cell surface receptors. A soluble form of TNF receptor (sTNF-R) can be detected in the body fluid. We measured sTNF-R levels in the sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with either MS or HAM, and evaluated the correlation between this mediator and disease activity. The levels of sTNF-R in the sera and CSF of patients with MS were significantly increased compared with controls, particularly patients with acute relapsing MS during an exacerbation (P < 0.001). CSF levels of sTNF-R showed a strong correlation with those of TNF (r = 0.716, P < 0.001). Higher levels of sTNF-R in the sera of HAM patients were detected as compared with those of either controls (P < 0.001) or non-HAM carriers (P < 0.001). Patients with HAM exhibited significantly higher CSF levels of sTNF-R than those with other neurological diseases (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that the detection of sTNF-R in the sera and CSF may predict disease progression. Availability of such a marker would be useful in monitoring disease activity.
Adult↗
In vitro intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on brain endothelial cells in multiple sclerosis.
To investigate the origin of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its expression on brain endothelial cells, we studied the expression in vitro of ICAM-1 on human brain endothelial cells after incubation of T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using a histochemical technique and flow cytometry. We determined soluble forms of ICAM-1 (ICAM-1) in the supernatants after mixtures of brain endothelial cells and T cells from patients with MS using an enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometric analysis showed that a number of ICAM-1-positive cells were significantly increased after incubation of brain endothelial cells with T cells from patients with acute relapsing MS during an exacerbation as compared with those of controls (P < 0.01). Patients with acute relapsing MS during an exacerbation and chronic progressive MS exhibited higher levels of ICAM-1 in the supernatants of mixtures with brain endothelial cells and lymphocytes than those of controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). These results suggest that lymphocytes from patients with acute relapsing MS during an exacerbation lead to an increased expression of ICAM-1 on the brain endothelial cells and add to evidence involving this adhesion molecule in the pathogenesis of MS.
Adult↗
Lectin-activated killer cells rapidly induced by pokeweed mitogen conjugated beads and their in vivo antitumor effects.
Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was found to induce rapidly killer cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). To avoid PWM contamination in infused lymphocytes, PBMC were stimulated with PWM-coated beads, CMC-1. One hour of stimulation with CMC-1 led to distinct cytotoxic activity in PBMC at 7 h, this reaching a peak at 23 h in the following in vitro culture. The cytotoxic activity and target cell spectrum of CMC-1-activated killer (PWM-AK) cells were similar to those of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, the precursor cells of PWM-AK cells, as are those of LAK cells which are also low-density lymphocytes. The in vivo antitumor effects of PWM-AK cells were examined in nude mice with peritoneal carcinomatosis generated by the human colon cancer cell line, RPMI 4788. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PWM-AK cells immediately after stimulation with CMC-1 significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice, suggesting that these cells could be of value for clinical cancer therapy.
Animals↗
Successful application of enzyme-labeled oligonucleotide probe for rapid and accurate cholera diagnosis in a clinical laboratory.
Two cholera cases were diagnosed using an enzyme-labeled oligonucleotide probe (ELONP) hybridization test for detection of cholera toxin gene (ctx) in a clinical laboratory at Osaka Airport Quarantine Station. The ELONP test with suspicious colonies of Vibrio cholerae O1 grown on TCBS or Vibrio agar plates gave positive result for ctx within 3 hr. We also tried to apply the ELONP test for direct detection of ctx in their stool and their non-selective culture. Specimens from Case #1, which contained 5.9 x 10(5) CFU/g of V. cholerae O1 in the stool, cultured for 7-8 hr or longer in alkaline peptone water or Marine broth at 37C, became positive for ctx. On the other hand, specimens from Case #2, which contained 8.7 x 10(8) CFU/ml (of V. cholerae O1 in the stool), gave positive result in this stool itself without any further culture. These data suggest that the ELONP test provides successfully a more rapid and accurate means of identifying "toxigenic" V. cholerae O1 in a clinical laboratory.
Adult↗
[Serotypes of urease producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus and their relation to possession of tdh and trh genes].
We analysed 467 isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus for possession of tdh/trh gene in comparison with urease production and serotypes. Strains possessing tdh+/trh-, tdh+/trh+, tdh-/trh-, and tdh-/trh- show positive urease production 2.1, 100, 65.7, 100%, respectively. Serotypes of O1:K69, O3:K6, O3:K72, O6:K18, O6:K46 and O1:KUT were frequently positive (100% except 91.7% of the latest one) in urease production. All isolates of O3:K6 prossessed trh, whereas all isolates of certain serotypes including O1:K69 and O3:K72 possessed both trh and trh and tdh genes. Among these, most of O1:K69 and O3:K72 were urease producer. From these results, we speculate that urease production is closely related to the presence of the trh gene or/and lesser production of TDH. We also found the new combination of serovar, O3:K25, O4:K37 and O13:K72 in Kanagawa phenomenon-positive strains.
Genes, Bacterial↗
Importance of total leg muscle mass for exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure.
Patients with chronic heart failure symptoms tend to avoid voluntary effort and are thus subject to physical deconditioning. The presence of symptoms in daily life is thought to predispose to physical deconditioning and subsequent skeletal muscle loss. This study was designed to describe the relation among daily physical activities, skeletal muscle loss and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. We studied 14 patients with severe cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%) and 7 age-matched normal subjects. We measured total leg muscle mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The patients were divided into 7 asymptomatic and 7 symptomatic individuals using questionnaires for specific physical activities. Peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold were significantly reduced in cardiac patients as compared with normal subjects. The reduction in exercise capacity was greater in the symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients. Leg muscle mass was significantly reduced (-17%) in the symptomatic patients, while it remained normal in the asymptomatic patients. Oxygen uptake in unit muscle mass at the level of anaerobic threshold and at peak exercise was decreased in both the asymptomatic (-21% and -21%, respectively) and symptomatic patients (-27% and -30%, respectively) but the difference between these two groups was not significant. In the asymptomatic patients, the reduced exercise capacity was accounted for primarily by muscle mass-independent factors such as an impaired nutritive blood flow to exercising muscles or metabolic abnormalities within the muscle cell. In the symptomatic patients, the marked reduction in exercise tolerance was attributable to a decrease in leg muscle mass and to hemodynamic or metabolic abnormalities. We conclude that the loss of leg muscle mass plays an important role in exercise intolerance in patients who are prone to physical deconditioning as a result of symptomatic heart failure.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
Adhesion and cytotoxicity of myelin basic protein-specific encephalitogenic T cells to normal and inflamed cerebral endothelial cells.
To study the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in autoimmune demyelinating diseases, such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), we investigated the cell interaction in vitro between myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific encephalitogenic T cells and normal and inflamed cerebral endothelial cells, and the cytotoxic effect of antigen specific T cell lines on normal and inflamed cerebral endothelial cells. The importance of relationship between cell surface adhesion and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) was examined by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against adhesion receptors. The adhesion of encephalitogenic T cells to inflamed endothelial cells was significantly increased as compared with normal endothelial cells (P < 0.001). The percentage lysis of inflamed endothelial target cells was significantly increased by incubation with MBP-encephalitogenic T cell lines in the presence of MBP as compared with those of normal endothelial targets (P < 0.0001). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is not involved in T cell adhesion to endothelial cells or cytotoxic endothelial cell lysis. Antibodies against human alpha 4 integrin (HP 2/1) and beta 1 (A11B2) inhibited T cell adhesion, but did not block cytotoxic endothelial cell lysis. These results indicate that T cell adhesion to inflamed cerebral endothelial cells and cytotoxicity of T cells for cerebral endothelial cells may play a central role in the breakdown of the BBB and development of inflammatory lesions in the central nervous system(CNS).
Animals↗
[Age-related changes of B-cell immune function in patients with subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON)].
Several kinds of immunological abnormalities have been found more frequently in patients with subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON). To investigate whether the B-cell immune system is implicated in aging in patients with SMON, we examined serum levels of immunoglobulin including IgG, IgM, and IgA, and the number of CD20+ cells (B lymphocytes) and CD20+ CD23+ cells (activated B lymphocytes) using flow cytometry, and compared them with those in age-matched controls. We also investigated whether the number of HLA-DR+ cells was correlated with those of CD20+ cells, CD20+ CD23+ cells, or HLA-DR+CD3+ cells (activated T lymphocytes) in patients with SMON. Serum levels of IgG, IgM and IgA were decreased with aging both in the patients with SMON and in the controls, and no significant difference was found between the two groups. Although the patients with SMON tended to show higher levels of CD20+ and CD20+ CD23+ cells than the age-matched controls, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The number of HLA-DR+ cells was correlated not with that of CD20+ cells or CD20+ CD23+ cells, but with that of HLA-DR+CD3+ cells. In patients with SMON, it is likely that the B-cell immune system is mainly implicated in the effect of aging, but it is unlikely that other factors than aging are associated with the B-cell immune system. The increase in the number of HLA-DR+ cells associated with aging in patients with SMON reflects the increase in the number of activated T lymphocytes, and is not correlated with the changes of B lymphocytes.
Age Factors↗
[A case of re-operation after 14 years following radical correction of the anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery from ascending aorta].
Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital malformation, which is usually fatal without early surgical correction. The number of reports of the radical operation has been recently increasing, but reports of its long-term postoperative results are rare, especially those of the reoperative cases. The 14-year-old patient, who had been operated radically with a 8 mm diameter graft at 7 months of age, weighing 4550 g at the time, was reoperated, because he developed pulmonary hypertension due to the narrowing of the graft. He had no clinical symptoms and no abnormal signs on chest X-P nor ECG, eventhough severe stenosis of the graft was present. The graft was replaced with a larger 12 mm diameter graft under ECC, and PFO closure and TAP were done at the same time. The patient's pulmonary artery pressure reduced substantially following surgery. We conclude that cautious postoperative follow-up including angiographical examination is important, and that early reoperation before occlusion of the graft should be done.
Adolescent↗
[A two staged extending graft replacement for dissecting aortic aneurysm with Marfan's syndrome].
We experienced four cases of dissecting aortic aneurysms with Marfan's syndrome, in which two staged operations were performed with satisfactory results. The operations performed in the four patients were the replacement of the ascending aorta, transverse aortic arch and the entire descending thoracic aorta in DeBakey type I dissecting aortic aneurysm, replacement of the entire descending thoracic and abdominal aorta in type IIIb, replacement of the aortic valve, ascending aorta, transverse aortic arch, the entire descending thoracic and upper abdominal aorta in type I, and replacement of the total aorta including the aortic valve in type II + IIIb, respectively. There were no operative deaths, but a 42-year-old woman with DeBakey type IIIb died suddenly 2 years 11 months after the second operation. The cause of death was presumed to be due to rupture of a dissecting aneurysm (DeBakey type II). Dissecting aortic aneurysm with Marfan's syndrome must be observed carefully and corrected surgically, because the lesion is progressive and the residual dissecting aneurysm usually dilates eventually. In view of our clinical results, we conclude that the operation for dissecting aortic aneurysm with Marfan's syndrome should be performed as extensively as possible.
Adult↗
[Discrete subaortic stenosis after aortic valve replacement--a case report].
A 51-year-old woman, who had undergone aortic valve replacement (SJM 19 mm) and open mitral commissurotomy for aortic valve stenosis with regurgitation, and mitral stenosis, was admitted for redo surgery. We found discrete subaortic ring just below the prosthetic valve. The fibrous ring was resected and the aortic valve was replaced (SJM 21 mm) after augmentation of the aortic annulus by Nicks procedure. Mitral and tricuspid valves were replaced. Discrete subaortic stenosis after aortic valve replacement are mostly in cases with small prosthetic valve. The turbulence caused by the small valve may produce discrete subaortic ring.
Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular↗
[A case of staged operation for a dissecting aneurysm (DeBakey type IIIb+II) with Marfan's syndrome].
A 34-year-old woman with Marfan's syndrome had severe heart failure due to annulo-aortic ectasia and aortic insufficiency, which was accompanied also by a dissecting aneurysm (DeBakey type IIIb) that was demonstrated by aortography. 4 days before the operation, sudden progression of the aneurysm to a DeBakey type II, and finally DeBakey type I dissecting aneurysm was seen. The first operation was an extended aortic resection with replacement from the aortic valve to the descending thoracic aorta (level of the 7th thoracic vertebra) using selective cerebral perfusion. The second operation was a replacement of the residual dissecting aorta from the level of the 8th thoracic vertebra to the celiac artery with partial extracorporeal circulation. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful. Dissecting aneurysm with Marfan's syndrome should be operated as extensively as possible if necessary.
Adult↗