Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Mishima.
A simple and rapid method for the determination of ADP-ribosyl arginine anomers was devised. Analysis is performed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a 5-micron Cosmosil 5C18 column and uv detection. ADP-ribosylation of arginine by hen liver ADP-ribosyl-transferase and the effect of pH on anomerization are also presented.
A case of a branchial cyst with a high amylase activity of the cyst fluid was found in a 58-year-old female. The literature on branchial cysts with high amylase activity is reviewed. Amylase that showed high activity in the cystic fluid was revealed to be due to the salivary isoenzymes (S3 and S4) which migrated more to the anodic side on electrophoresis.
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1. Electrical stimulation of the rat's contralateral central amygdaloid (CAm) nucleus or the contralateral frontal cortex markedly augmented the antidromic field potential evoked by stimulation of mylohyoid (Myl) nerve. 2. This facilitation was shown to be due to EPSPs of the mylohyoid-anterior digastric (Myl-Dig) motoneurons. 3. In a few motoneurons, cortical EPSPs had fixed short latencies following high-frequency double stimuli and this is believed to be due to a monosynaptic pathway. 4. The amygdaloid or cortically evoked EPSPs relieved IS-SD blockade in a few motoneurons and also facilitated antidromic discharge in others which did not show any IS or M spike response to the same subthreshold antidromic stimulation. The underlying mechanisms are discussed.
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In order to elucidate mechanisms of protein plug formation, histochemical studies were performed on aggregates and protein plugs present in pancreatic juice. Pancreatic juice was obtained from three control subjects and five patients with chronic pancreatitis through endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla. Specimens for staining were prepared in two ways: (1) fixed with 10 per cent formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and sectioned, and (2) placed on slide glass and fixed with isopropylalcohol. Staining included hematoxylin-eosin, periodic-acid Schiff, von Kossa, alcian blue, toluidine blue and double staining with PAS and AB. The process of protein plug formation can be as follows: (1) a prerequisite for aggregate formation, consisting of clusters of desquamated epithelial cells, highly concentrated sulfated acidic mucopolysaccharide and neutral mucopolysaccharide, (2) formation of aggregates in which epithelial cells and amorphous substance are interlaced with developing fine reticular substance, (3) enlargement of aggregates by fusion with adjacent aggregates through bridging action of the reticular substance sprouting, like prickles, from their surface, and (4) "maturity" of aggregates, taking a three-dimensional form which result in a spherical, spheroidal or cylindrical protein plug.
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Hexosamine concentration in human pure pancreatic juice was determined during wash-out phase and secretin stimulation phase. Specimens were collected by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla at one minute intervals for 20 minutes after intravenous injection of secretin (Eisai, 1 U/kg) and for 10 minutes after pancreozymin injection (Boots, 1 U/kg). In suspected and established chronic pancreatitis (calcifying or non-calcifying), hexosamine concentration was significantly raised during both wash-out phase and secretin phase. Hexosamine output was significantly raised in suspected chronic pancreatitis and non-calcifying chronic pancreatitis during both wash-out phase and secretin phase; in calcifying chronic pancreatitis, no significant increase in hexosamine output was noted during both phases because of decreased secretory volume. Significance of these findings was discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis.
Calcium concentration in human pure pancreatic juice was determined during wash-out period, secretin stimulation and pancreozymin stimulation. Specimens were collected by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla at one minute intervals for 20 minutes after intravenous injection of secretin (Eisai, 1 U/kg) and for 10 minutes after pancreozymin injection (Boots, 1 U/kg). The determination was also made in duodenal juice obtained during the ordinary pancreozymin-secretin test. Calcium concentration in duodenal juice was significantly raised in patients with chronic pancreatitis (suspected, definite or calcifying), confirming the results of previous investigators. Calcium concentration and calcium per mg of protein in human pure pancreatic juice were significantly raised in patients with chronic pancreatitis (suspected, definite or calcifying). Calcium per mg of protein in normal human pure pancreatic juice was quite similar to that reported in zymogen granules of the guinea-pig pancreas. Calcium output in human pure pancreatic juice was also significantly raised in patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis; it was within normal limits in patients with definite or calcifying chronic pancreatitis due to decreased volume output. Significance of these findings were discussed in relation to pathogenesis and early detection of chronic pancreatitis.
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To elucidate early biochemical changes of pancreatic juice and their reversibility in chronic alcoholics, pure pancreatic juice was collected from 23 chronic alcoholics by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla. Samples were collected at 1 minute intervals for 20 minutes after intravenous injection of secretin (Eisai, 1 U/kg) and for 10 minutes after CCK-PZ injection (Boots, 1 U/kg). Volume, bicarbonate concentration, protein concentration and three hydrolases were determined. Following results were obtained. (1) Five patients showed hypersecretory state. Four of the five patients showed hyperconcentration of protein. (2) Seventeen patients showed hyposecretory state. Lipase secretion was most frequently affected (94%). Maximal bicarbonate concentration was the next to be affected (82%). Amylase and chymotrypsinogen secretion were less frequently affected (65%). Flow rate was least frequently affected (24%). (3) It was suggested that exocrine dysfunction in chronic alcoholics is reversible in an early stage and that sequence of events with advancement of the stage is hypersecretion, hyperconcentration of protein, normalization of water secretion with a decrease in lipase secretion and maximal bicarbonate concentration, a decrease in amylase and chymotrypsinogen output, and finally a decrease in flow rate.
A new synthetic substance, N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid, is specially cleaved by pancreatic chymotrypsin after oral administration and the released p-aminobenzoic acid (P.A.B.A.) is absorbed and excreted in the urine. The P.A.B.A. recovery in the urine was examined to evaluate its diagnostic value as an exocrine pancreatic function test. The data permit the following conclusions: 1. There is a significant correlation between this test and maximal bicarbonate concentration, amylase output and volume of P.Z./C.C.K. secretin test. 2. More than one-half to two-thirds proximal or one-third distal of the pancreas must be removed before one can expect an abnormal result in this test. 3. This is a simple and useful test to detect exocrine pancreatic insufficiency of more than moderate degree but normal results may be obtained in minimal to mild exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Only six of 11 cases (54.5%) with one abnormal factor of P-S test showed decreased P.A.B.A. recpvery, whereas 22 of 23 cases (95.7%) with two or three abnormal factors of P-S test showed decreased or borderline P.A.B.A. recovery.
Clinical studies on apalcillin (APPC), a new broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin developed in Japan, were carried out, and the following results were obtained. APPC was administered to three patients with serious biliary tract infections by intramuscular or intravenous injection at daily dosage of 2. Therapeutic responses were excellent in all cases, and no side effects and abnormalities of laboratory findings were observed. APPC was considered to be an excellent drug for the treatment of biliary tract infections.
Pure pancreatic juice was collected from 8 control subjects, 12 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 4 patients with cancer of the pancreas by endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the papilla. Samples were collected at 1 minute intervals for 20 minutes after rapid intravenous injection of secretin (Eisai, 1 U/kg) and for 10 minutes after rapid intravenous injection of CCK-PZ (Boots, 1 U/kg). Determinations of volume, bicarbonate concentration and three hydrolases (amylase, chymotrypsinogen and lipase) were made. Our tentative conclusions are (1) pancreatic enzymes are likely to be affected one after another, not in parallel fashing, in chronic pancreatitis and in cancer of the pancreas, (2) bicarbonate concentration and chymotrypsinogen or lipase are most susceptible in chronic pancreatitis and lipase secretion seems to be more susceptible than other parameters in cancer of the pancreas. Amylase is the least affected enzyme in both pancreatic diseases, and (3) determinations of chymotrypsinogen and/or lipase should be preferably performed among hydrolytic enzymes in the evaluation of exocrine pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas.
Pure pancreatic juice was collected from 8 subjects by endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the papilla. Samples were collected at 1 minute intervals for 20 minutes after rapid intravenous injection of secretin (Eisai, 1u/kg) and for 10 to 15 minutes after rapid intravenous injection of CCK-PZ (1 U/kg). Three hydrolases (amylase, chymotrypsinogen and lipase) showed nonparallel secretory pattern. Lipase was proportionally more stimulated than chymotrypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen was more stimulated than amylase by CCK-PZ stimulation. However, in one subject the secretion of three hydrolases was parallel and in another subject lipase and chymotrypsinogen showed parallelism. Samples collected at "wash out" period showed quite high enzyme and protein concentration with specific activity and enzyme ratio not different from those of samples collected at peak period of CCK-PZ stimulation. Normal ranges were estimated in peak flow rate per minute, peak enzyme concentration, specific activity of enzymes, maximal enzyme output per minute and maximal bicarbonate concentration.
Role of ERCP in the diagnosis of inflammatory lesions of the pancreas was evaluated and following conclusions were obtained. 1) Following criteria were considered to be practical for clinical diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis by ERCP; a) More than moderate irregularity or rigidity of margin, dilatation, or irregularity in caliber of PDS, whether extensive or localized, or b) Cyst formation or c) Obstruction of PDS. These criteria permit to diagnose 100% of pancreatolithiasis, 82% of chronic pancreatitis without pancreatolithiasis and 64% of histologically diagnosed chronic pancreatitis but about 13% of "false positive results" must be taken into consideration. 2) ERCP plays an important role in detecting and locating localized or scattered lesions without noticable abnormalities in P-S test. It is also useful in deciding an indication for surgical intervention. However, it has limitations in detecting minimal to moderate pancreatitis. Some of these cases are often picked up by P-S test. 3) Combined approach with ERCP and P-S test is required for diagnosis of inflammatory lesions of the pancreas and either one is incomplete by itself.
Effects of prostaglandin E1, E2, and F2alpha (PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2alpha) on the electrical and mechanical properties of the smooth muscle of various areas of the guinea pig stomach were investigated. PGE1 and PGE2 (10(-9)-10(-6) g/ml) suppressed the spontaneously generated mechanical activity in circular muscle of the pylorus, but increased the activity of muscles in other areas of the stomach, while PFG2 alpha (10(-9)--10(-6) g/ml) showed excitatory action on muscles in all the areas of the stomach. These PG actions on the stomach muscle were mainly myogenic responses, and were not affected in the presence of tetrodotoxin (10(-7) g/ml). PGE1 and PGE2 (10(-8)-10(-6) g/ml) hyperpolarized the membrane and suppressed the generation of slow potential change in the circular muscle of the pylorus, thus causing the cessation of spikes which were superimposed on the slow potential change. On the other hand, these agents depolarized the membrane and increased membrane activity in the longitudinal muscle of the pylorus and both layers of the corpus. When voltage-current relationships were observed before and during application of PGs in the circular muscle of the pylorus, PGE1 and PGE2 consistently reduced membrane resistance at any given membrane potential level when compared with that in Krebs solution. In other regions of the stomach, PGE1 and PGE2 depolarized the membrane, and reduced the membrane resistance at any given membrane potential level. The differences of PG action on the various regions of stomach were compared with those observed in the other visceral smooth muscles.
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