Comparison of leukopenia between cytarabine and behenoyl cytarabine in JALSG AML-89 consolidation therapy. The Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Minato
Publications and source records attributed to K Minato.
A rapid matching algorithm for cerebral 3D images using 1D projection.
A rapid image matching algorithm for cerebral three-dimensional (3D) images is described. Fully automatic 3D image matching between images acquired the same modality and this was realized by applying the following sequential processes: (1) the calculation of one-dimensional (1D) projection patterns from both reference and input 3D images; (2) the matching between the two sets of 1D patterns; and (3) the transformation of input 3D image according to the pattern matching result. The 3D morphological variations among images due to shift and linear/non-linear scaling along projection axes were recovered, as well as compensation for mismatching due to image rotation and partial deficit of image data. The computation time of this method was quite short compared to that of the conventional 3D pattern matching method.
Algorithms↗
Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei stimulate lymphocyte T-cell subsets in mice.
Subset analysis of splenic lymphocytes using flow cytometry showed that the percentages of Thy1.2-(pan T-cells), L3T4-(CD4, helper T-cells), and Lyt2-(CD8, cytotoxic T-cells) positive cell populations were significantly increased in mice orally administered a hot water-soluble fraction from Agaricus blazei as compared with mice treated only with saline. 13C-NMR data indicates that the main component in the active polysaccharide is the complex of alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,4-glucan, which had already been shown to have anti-tumor activity against Sarcoma 180. It seems that the polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei may be an effective prophylactic, protecting humans against cancer by stimulating lymphocytes such as cytotoxic T-cells.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Towards a national patient card system in Japan.
Patient Card Systems (PCS) have been applied on a regional level to improve access to patient information. However, current projects lack a vision of future integration on a national level. In addition, Integrated Circuit cards and optical cards were introduced without considering that their cost and capacity limits impose significant constraints for future integration. The major arguments against PCS are the huge costs incurred by such a system and the limitations of the card capacities. In addition, standards and legislation have not been sufficiently developed. In this study, we propose a new model of PCS that employs recent communication and card technologies as a key to access a national medical information center. We demonstrate that PCS are feasible if implemented in several distinct phases and if the acceptance and cooperation of physicians and patients are achieved. However, political consensus about the necessity of reform in the health care sector must be established so that the necessary legislation can be enacted.
Aged↗
Effect of endurance training on pancreatic enzyme activity in rats.
The effect of chronic exercise on pancreatic enzyme activity and basal pancreatic secretion was investigated in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of ten rats each. In a trained (T) group, the animals were exercised on a treadmill at 35 m x min(-1) for 60 min, 5 days x week(-1). A free-fed control (C) group and a pair-fed control (PFC) group were kept sedentary. Food intake in the PFC group was restricted to the T group levels. After 6 weeks, pancreas wet mass per unit of body mass was significantly larger in the T group in comparison to the C and PFC groups. Protein content, and amylase and lipase activities of the pancreas were significantly higher in the T group in comparison to the C and PFC groups. Basal amylase but not bile-pancreatic juice volume was higher in the T group than in the other two groups. There were no significant differences between groups C and PFC in any of the above parameters. These results would suggest that pancreatic enzyme synthesis and basal secretion are accelerated with physical endurance training. This adjustment would be a beneficial adaptation to chronic endurance exercise, which requires a large energy supply from food.
Amylases↗
A phase II study of carboplatin-cisplatin-etoposide combination chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
It is reported that the combination of cisplatin (CDDP) and carboplatin (CBDCA) is synergistic in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of the two platinum compounds in combination with etoposide in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSLC). Forty patients were registered. Based on the results of a phase I study, patients were treated with CDDP (80 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1), CBDCA (280 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1), and etoposide (80 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1-3). Of the 40 patients, 30 were men and 10 women. Histology revealed adenocarcinoma(AC) (n = 20), squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) (n = 18), and large cell carcinoma(LCC) (n = 2). Staging: IIIA (n = 3); IIIB (n = 17); and IV (n = 20). A 32.5% overall response rate [13 of 40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 18-47%] was achieved. The response rates in patients with SCC and AC were 55.6 and 10.0% (p < 0.005), respectively. The median duration of response was 47.1 weeks and the overall median survival time was 57.1 weeks. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia--World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV--occurred in nine and 11 patients, respectively. Nonhematological toxicities were mainly nausea, vomiting, and alopecia. In conclusion, further investigations of this regimen are warranted in the treatment of NSLC.
Adult↗
Eccrine adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal sac region.
Eccrine adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal sac region is described in a 48-year-old man. The case was first diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma and removed by dacryocystectomy, but unfortunately the neoplasm recurred after a period of 1 year. Examinations with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and several antibodies indicate that this is a hitherto undescribed eccrine adenocarcinoma, and finally the case was managed by orbital exenteration. This is the first case of eccrine adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal sac region to be documented in the world literature.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Induction of apoptosis by ubenimex (Bestatin) in human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines.
We studied the direct anti-tumor effects of ubenimex on five human lung cancer cell lines; ABC-1, RERF-LC-OK, RERF-LC-MS (adenocarcinoma) and SQ-5, EBC-1 (squamous cell carcinoma). Ubenimex dose-dependently inhibited the growth of these cancer cell lines except RERF-LC-MS. The results indicated that lung squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were more sensitive to ubenimex than lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Coincidentally, histological observation by Hematoxylin eosine (HE) staining revealed that ubenimex induced nuclear condensation and apoptic body in the cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical study showed ubenimex-treated cells expressed LeY antigen which is a useful phenotypic marker predictive of apoptosis. The induction of DNA fragmentation was also observed in the ubenimex treated cancer cell lines by ELISA. We conclude that ubenimex exhibits its direct anti-tumor effect against non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines, more effectively against squamous carcinoma cell lines, through the induction of apoptosis.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Preparation and specificity of antibodies to an anti-tumor beta-glucan, lentinan.
Antibodies against beta-glucan, lentinan from "Shiitake" (Lentinus edodes), were raised in the rabbit by subcutaneous immunization. Our antibodies did not recognize the other polysaccharides such as amylose, dextran, laminarin and galactan. It was proved that lentinan contents in mushroom could be measured by ELISA with the anti-lentinan antisera. Its contents were 3.5 mg/g fresh weight in Lentinus edodes. However, lentinan was not contained in Agaricus brazei, Agaricus bisporus and Ramaria bitrytis.
Animals↗
Phase I study of a carboplatin-cisplatin-etoposide combination chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
Cisplatin (CDDP)-containing chemotherapy has become the mainstay of clinical trials in unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the role of chemotherapy in the routine management of NSCLC remains controversial. We conducted a phase I study with the combination carboplatin (CBDCA), CDDP, and etoposide (Etop) in unresectable NSCLC. CBDCA, at a starting dose of 80 mg/m2, on day 1, was combined with a fixed dose of CDDP (80 mg/m2, day 1) and Etop (80 mg/m2, days 1-3). Escalation was performed after four patients entered at each dose level. If no World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 toxicity developed after the first cycle in more than half of the patients or WHO grade 3/4 toxicity in more than two thirds, the dose was escalated. The maximum tolerated dose was established at 300 mg/m2 for CBDCA. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were the dose-limiting toxicities. No grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities were seen. The recommended dose of CBDCA to be combined with CDDP (80 mg/m2, day 1) and Etop (80 mg/m2, days 1-3) is 280 mg/m2. This trial suggests that our combination chemotherapy may be effective in patients with advanced NSCLC. A multicenter phase II study based on these findings is now under way.
Adult↗
Randomized trials between behenoyl cytarabine and cytarabine in combination induction and consolidation therapy, and with or without ubenimex after maintenance/intensification therapy in adult acute myeloid leukemia. The Japan Leukemia Study Group.
PURPOSE: We analyzed complete remission (CR), disease-free survival (DFS), and event-free survival (EFS) rates in two groups of patients treated with either N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinosylcytosine (BHAC) or cytarabine, and analyzed DFS with or without ubenimex, a biologic response modifier. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were randomized to receive either BHAC or cytarabine as remission-induction combination chemotherapy and two courses of consolidation therapy. After maintenance/intensification therapy, patients in CR were randomized to receive either ubenimex and no drug. RESULTS: Of 341 patients registered, 326 were assessable. The age of assessable patients ranged from 15 to 82 years (median, 48). The overall CR rate was 77%: 72% in the BHAC group and 81% in the cytarabine group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P = .035, chi 2 test). The predicted 55-month EFS rate of all patients was 30%: 23% in the BHAC group and 35% in the cytarabine group, with a significant difference between groups (P = .0253). The predicted 55-month DFS rate of all CR patients was 38% and that of CR patients less than 50 years of age was 47%. There was no significant difference in DFS between the ubenimex group and the group that did not receive ubenimex. CONCLUSION: Analyses of our clinical trial showed that the use of BHAC in remission-induction therapy and in consolidation therapy resulted in poorer CR and EFS rates in adult AML patients compared with the use of cytarabine at the doses and schedules tested. Immunotherapy with ubenimex after the end of all chemotherapy did not improve DFS.
Acute Disease↗
[Rapid progression of adenocarcinoma of the lung in a patient with high levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor].
A 51-year-old man was referred and admitted to our hospital for further examination of an abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray film. One month before admission, a chest X-ray film had shown no abnormality. On admission, chest X-ray films and computed tomograms showed a tumor shadow in the right hilum, obstructive pneumonia in the right upper lobe, and a right-sided pleural effusion. Cytological examination of the pleural offusion revealed adenocarcinoma. The patients was given supportive care. The tumor grew rapidly and by the 13th hospital day it occupied whole right upper lobe. The patient died on the 21st day after admission. The white blood cell count had increased to 26540/mm3 as the adenocarcinoma grew. Serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which increases the number of neutrophils in blood in vivo was examined. The serum G-CSF level reached 112 pg/ml. On immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells stained positively with anti-G-CSF monoclonal antibody. The growth of this tumor was more rapid than expected for adenocarcinoma of the lung. These findings suggest that G-CSF induced growth of the tumor.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Accuracy of participation rate data for health examination research].
Each local government conducts health examinations based on the Health and Medical Law for the Aged. However, since some residents are able to take health examinations at their own work places, for example, and the local government are allowed to exclude such people from taking the law-mandated health examination, it is difficult to obtain an accurate picture of the examination rate in each area. We investigated the actual participation status for health examination services of all of the 6,080 persons 20 years and over in age in Sakuragawa-mura, Ibaraki Prefecture. A comparative investigation was made on 3,655 non-bedridden/non-hospitalized persons of 40 years and over to ascertain the reliability of responses to questions about participation in lung cancer and gastric cancer examination services given by the village. The rate of valid responses was extremely low in those who had not participated in health examinations (male 54%, female 55% for the lung cancer, and male 53%, female 56% for the gastric cancer). These discrepancies are assumed to be the result of confusing the current health examinations with: (1) the health examination given in the previous year, (2) other kinds of health examinations, or (3) the health examination given in the work place or the like. A comparative investigation through logistic regression analysis, between the responses to the questions in this investigation and the actual health examination participation records, for persons who had not yet taken either lung cancer examinations or gastric cancer examinations (908 males and 938 females for the former, and 1,038 males and 1,187 females for the latter). Results showed that the influence of (1) and (2) were more or less detected in every kind of cancer examination, and the influence of (1) on the gastric cancer examination was particularly clear. No definite result was obtained about (3), because the actual record of the health examination service at the work place, etc. was unavailable. The results of this study suggests the necessity of a careful examination of methods when conducting a comprehensive service investigation for the health examinations.
Female↗
[A comparative study of the effect of granisetron and a combination of granisetron plus steroids on cancer chemotherapy induced emesis].
Effects of 40 micrograms/kg of granisetron monotherapy (K group) and concurrent therapy with a steroid (KS group) on acute and delayed emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy which included CDDP at a dose of 60 mg/m2 or more were compared in random clinical trials under the central registration method. In KS group, either 500 mg of methylprednisolone succinate or 8 mg of dexamethasone phosphate was given prior to granisetron administration. Clinical symptoms such as vomiting, nausea and anorexia were better in KS group than in K group, on any day from day 1 to day 7, and there was a statistically significant difference on day 1 and day 2. The cumulative total control rate throughout the period of seven days was also significantly higher in KS group. KS group was rated higher in the final clinical evaluation based on doctor's impressions, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Augmented antiemetic effect of granisetron by concurrent therapy with a steroid was most notably demonstrated in male patients under 60 years of age. The antiemetic effect at the acute stage was proven to influence the final clinical effectiveness, thus suggesting the importance of antiemetic therapy of acute emesis. Adverse reactions were seen in two out of 122 patients (1.6%). They were slight headache and moderate diarrhea in 1 case each, both of which disappeared soon, confirming the high safety profile of granisetron.
Adult↗
A computer simulation of motion in turbo FLASH imaging and echo-planar imaging.
We have experimentally demonstrated motion effects in a turbo FLASH imaging (TFI) using a small cylindrical phantom moving at constant velocity. To further verify these experimental results, image blurring is assessed by using a computer simulation in this study. By applying the same acquisition parameters as phantom experiments, the simulation images are reconstructed to compare with the experimental results. Several kinds of configurations are applied to the simulation of the TFI. A computer simulation of an echo-planar imaging (EPI) is also used to compare the motion effects with TFI.
Computer Simulation↗
Quantitative comparison of human computer interaction for direct prescription entry systems.
An objective and quantitative method is described for evaluating human-computer interaction (interface) in a direct prescription entry system. This method is based on a GOMS model and represented by a tree structure. Three different interfaces at university hospitals were compared by this evaluation method, and the differences among them were measured.
Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
Virtual embryology: a 3D library reconstructed from human embryo sections and animation of development process.
The volumetric shape of a human embryo and its development is hard to comprehend as they have been viewed as a 2D schemes in a textbook or microscopic sectional image. In this paper, a CAI and research support system for human embryology using multimedia presentation techniques is described. In this system, 3D data is acquired from a series of sliced specimens. Its 3D structure can be viewed interactively by rotating, extracting, and truncating its whole body or organ. Moreover, the development process of embryos can be animated using a morphing technique applied to the specimen in several stages. The system is intended to be used interactively, like a virtual reality system. Hence, the system is called Virtual Embryology.
Computer Simulation↗
[The effect of antiandrogen TZP-4238 on corticosteroid hormone in the dog].
We studied the adrenosuppressive effect of antiandrogen TZP-4238 and its metabolites. The binding affinity for the corticosteroid receptor using rat hepatic cytosol was in the order 11-OH TZP-4238 > 11, 15-(OH)2 TZP-4238 >> TZP-4238 > or = 15-OH TZP-4238 > 11-keto TZP-4238. Male beagle dogs aged 1-6 years were randomly divided into TZP-4238 (0.05, 0.5mg/kg) treatment groups and CMA (0.5mg/kg) treatment group. Each group was administered the drug per os every day for 8 weeks. Plasma cortisol, TZP-4238 and its metabolite levels were measured by on-line coupling of liquid chromatography with thermospray or atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry using selective ion monitoring (LC-MS/SIM). LC-MS/SIM provided a sensitive and reliable method of unequivocal confirmation of the presence of steroidal drugs in the plasma. The plasma cortisol level was lowered below 1 ng/ml at 1 week after oral administration of TZP-4238 at 0.5mg/kg or CMA at 0.5mg/kg. The decline continued throughout the treatment for 8 weeks. Upon termination of administration, the cortisol level returned to the normal level (6ng/ml) by 4 weeks. However in the group given 0.05mg/kg TZP-4238, the cortisol level remained within the normal range. To analyze the cortisol decreasing mechanism, we administered TZP-4238 at 0.5mg/kg for 7 days to one beagle dog. When the plasma 11-OH TZP-4238 level was increased, the cortisol level decreased time dependently and the concentration of plasma 11-OH TZP-4238 which induced 50% inhibition was 2ng/ml. The decrease in the plasma cortisol level was highly correlated to the extent of the increase of the plasma 11-OH TZP-4238 (r2 = 0.840). We conclude that the adrenosuppressive effect of antiandrogen TZP-4238 is not due to TZP-4238 itself but its metabolite 11-OH TZP-4238.
Adrenal Cortex↗