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Biomedical subjects

K Mii

Publications and source records attributed to K Mii.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Brighton epistaxis balloon: application for cranio-facial injury].

Head injury patients often complicate facial and/or multiple injuries other than cranio-cerebral insults and perplex the emergency staffs. The authors used Brighton epistaxis balloon for such patients with massive nasal bleeding and reported the utility of the balloon not only in such state of emergency but also for a few days to control the hemorrhage mostly caused by craniobasal fractures or rupture of the adjacent vessels. One hundred and twenty-nine patients were transported and hospitalized in Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan during the period from October, 1981 to January, 1983. Nasal bleeding was noted in 29 cases of them and the balloon was used in 10 cases, who were from 19 to 76 years of age, all males and suffered from basal fractures or craniofacial injuries. Six cases of them were also accompanied with fractures in the extremities or pelvis, hemopneumothorax and/or intra-abdominal bleeding and could not but put on "Military anti-shock trousers" for the management of hypovolemic shock, hence the nasal bleeding should be managed immediately in the emergency room. In these situations the balloon was inserted into both nasal cavities in all the patients, to control successfully the nasal hemorrhages one of which contaminated cerebrospinal fluid and three of which were sure to be pulsatile due to arterial injury. The Brighton epistaxis balloon is to be removed within twelve or twenty-four hours, but in the authors' cases the mean duration for the hemostasis was 58.9 hours for 6 survivors and 49.6 hours for all 10 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The effects of increased intracranial pressure on respiratory functions in clinical setting].

Respiratory insufficiency following acutely elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) may occur as a result of pulmonary edema which is supposed to be caused by increased sympathetic discharge from the central nervous system. Supporting experimental studies have been reported concerning this immediate respiratory consequence, while delayed respiratory consequences with an elevated ICP remain poorly characterized clinically. We studied delayed effects of an increased ICP on respiratory functions (pulmonary shunt ratio (Qs/Qt), respiratory index (A-aDO2/PaO2), oxygenation index (PaO2/FIO2) ), extravascular lung water (EVLW), and hemodynamics [cardiac index (CI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)] in 15 cases with head injury, 4 with cerebrovascular diseases, and one with hypoxic brain damage. Ten cases had either aspiration, long bone fractures (the syndrome of fat embolism), or pneumonia, and the 10 cases without these pulmonary insults were defined as the cases without pulmonary complications and studied further. Pulmonary functions deteriorated as the ICP rose in the total cases, but in the cases without pulmonary complications, the correlations between the pulmonary functions and the ICP were not significant. None of the hemodynamic parameters correlated with the ICP in both the total cases and the cases without pulmonary complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Significance of hematoma irrigation with trephination therapy (HITT) in the management of acute subdural hematoma].

Decompressive craniectomy in the management of acute traumatic subdural hematoma (acute SDH) has been advocated as a treatment for the cerebral edema or swelling associated with it. The bony decompression with dural grafting seems successful in some patients, but surely enhances cerebral swelling and exacerbates edema in others. Whether the external or internal decompression could be justified is therefore a subject of controversy for the surgical treatment of choice. The authors, herein, proposed the new method with small craniectomy, 3 cm in diameter and irrigation with Nelaton's catheter for acute SDH with cerebral edema or swelling, that is the hematoma irrigation with trephination therapy (HITT) and performed it in 27 adult cases, 19 to 84 years of age (20 males and 7 females), who were transported within 24 hours after trauma and hospitalized in Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital during the period from January, 1982 to January, 1984, whose Glasgow coma scale points were 3 to 8 on admission, 16 cases (59%) of whom showed unilateral or bilateral absence of light reflex. The patients were all placed under the intensive care, using artificial ventilation (27 cases, 100%), hemodynamic management with Swan-Ganz catheter insertion (10 cases, 37%), continuous intracranial pressure monitoring (27 cases, 100%) and barbiturate therapy (13 cases, 48%). Ten cases (37%) recovered, 3 (11%) fell in vegetative state, 2 of whom died of medical complications afterwards and 14 (52%) could not avoid progressive deterioration to result in brain death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Auditory evoked brain-stem responses (ABRs) in brain dead status].

Auditory evoked brain-stem responses (ABRs) were recorded in 19 out of 52 brain dead cases in Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital from May, 1981 to January, 1984. The causes of brain death were severe head injury (9 cases), cerebro-vascular disease (7 cases), anoxia (2 cases), hydrocephalus (1 case). Eleven cases of them fulfilled the clinical criteria which included absence of cortical and brain-stem functions excluding severe hypothermia and depressant drug intoxication. The remainders who were subjected to barbiturate therapy were diagnosed as brain death for non-filling phenomenon in cerebral angiography. Results were as follows; Fourteen cases (74%) had no identifiable ABR waves. One case (5%) had only 1st wave. Three cases (16%) had 1st and 2nd waves. One case (5%) had 1st, 2nd, and 3rd waves. In spite of definition of clinical brain death, 5 cases had at least 1st wave, and therefore these datum suggested that ABR might have less clinical utility in diagnosis of brain death. Each case did not necessarily demonstrate the total extinction of ABRs, as was shown in (2) to (4) mentioned above. The clinical status which met the criteria of brain death might therefore possibly imply any conditions in which brain death was impending gradually to result in the total brain death of cerebrum through medulla oblongata. Under these circumstances, how barbiturate might produce ABRs abnormality remained unsolved, though it has been said not to produce ABRs abnormality. Among 8 cases under barbiturate therapy, there were 5 cases with no identifiable waves and 3 cases with 1st and 2 nd waves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Pisio-hamate hiatus syndrome].

Two patients with atrophy and weakness of intrinsic had muscles innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve except abductor digiti quinti muscle and without any sensory symptoms were reported. They were house-wives aged thirty and fourty-four, respectively, without any specific history of trauma or occupation. Neurological and neurophysiological examination pointed out that the lesion situated in the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Both of them were operated on. At operation, no abnormal structure were found in the canal of Guyon, though, the deep branch of the ulnar nerve was enlarged at the pisio-hamate hiatus where the branch to the abductor digiti quinti has taken off. In one of the cases, microsurgical removal of the epineurium of the deep branch revealed that each funiculus has lost its course into irregularly enlarged mass, which thought to be neoplastic change. In this case the deep branch was replaced by cable grafts about two centimeters in length by using the sural nerve. Histological findings of this case were as follows: there was no neoplastic or inflammatory change, there was no normal axon pa surviving and that very little regenerated axon and marked interneural fibrosis were observed, which indicates that the nerve lesion was caused by chronic compression. In the other case, the attachment of the membranous tendon of the flexor digiti quinti brevis and opponence digiti quinti muscle to the hook of the hamate was removed. No marked improvement was obtained in both of the cases, because they were too late to be operated on (ten and three years has passed since they noticed muscular atrophy, respectively).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Some practical problems of clinical diagnosis of brain death].

The authors experienced thirty brain deaths including eighteen head injuries and seven cerebrovascular accidents during the period from Nov. 1980 to Dec. 1982 and encountered with some practical problems on clinical diagnosis of brain death. In sixteen patients subjected to barbiturate (pentobarbital) therapy, the attempt to meet the criteria of brain death made it necessary to confirm the total cerebrocirculatory arrest as well as to measure the serum concentration of pentobarbital and assure its level low enough. But as a result of the angiograms performed in twenty-four cases the cerebral angiography sometimes failed to give sufficient evidence to confirm it not merely because of the angiographical intracranial delayed opacification but also because of the dissociation of filling between supra- and infratentorial spaces or between right and left hemispheres. And besides the contrast enhancement of cerebral vessels was verified in computed tomograms of two cases among ten cases who had already met the criteria and demonstrated angiographical nonfilling phenomenon. The angiographical narrowing of C 1-2, A 1, M 1 portions or basilar artery observed on serial angiograms preceding the angiographical nonfilling phenomenon was regarded as direct vascular compression by cerebral swelling or vasospasm and considered to suggest that brain death might be impending. At present the continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure performed in twenty-six cases proved to be a convincing guide to suspicion of brain death or impending brain death according to decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure and appearance of so-called plateau waves recorded in four cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗