Biomedical subjects

K Michi

Publications and source records attributed to K Michi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Articulatory function in glossectomized patients with immediate reconstruction using a free jejunum flap.

Postoperative articulation in 18 glossectomized patients was investigated. The subjects were: 5 cases of tongue tumour, 7 cases of tumour of the anterior part of the floor of the mouth and 6 cases of tumour of the lateral part. A new modification of the Freiburger test for speech audiometry was used as test material. Then the articulatory function was assessed according to an overall score based on 180 monosyllables, the manner of production of 171 initial consonants and the place of production of 85 glossal sounds. The cases of tumour of the tongue and the lateral part of the floor of the mouth had excellent scores in all classes of sounds, which were compatible with the normative data. The subjects of tumour of the anterior part of the floor of the mouth had low overall scores, low scores for plosive and affricative sounds, and very low scores for sounds produced with the rear of the tongue. The relation between the site or amount of resection and subsequent articulation was significantly poor in all categories of sounds for the cases of anterior tumour, particularly in the movement of the posterior portion of the tongue even though it was not involved in the operation. In all groups there was a weak negative relation between the amount of resection and postoperative articulation. In reviewing the literature, reconstruction with a free jejunum flap was considered to lead to better articulation than reconstruction by other techniques. The need to assess postoperative function objectively was stressed, to compare the postoperative functions and to determine the indications for the reconstructive technique.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Anatomical study of the valves of the superficial veins of the forearm.

The valves of the cephalic, basilic and median cubital veins were investigated in the superficial veins of the left forearm in 9 cadavers, aged 25-95. The radial forearm flaps involving these veins are of special clinicoanatomical importance. The following results were obtained: (1) Valves were most frequently evident at Site G of the cephalic vein. No valves were present in Section A-B, (2) type B valves were located at confluences, junctions and branches and were more frequent (54.7%) than Type A (45.3%) located in the straight trunks of superficial forearm veins, (3) Type 2 valves accounted for most (82.3%), and these were followed by Type 1 and Type 4b (5.9%), Type 4a (4.4%) and Type 3 (1.5%).

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Articulatory function after resection of the tongue and floor of the mouth: palatometric and perceptual evaluation.

Linguapalatal contact patterns and the time course of changes in contacts during utterances of/asa, ata, a sa, aca/ were measured using electropalatography (EPG). The relations between these data and perceptual scores in 17 glossectomized patients after various surgical methods were examined. The linguapalatal contact patterns produced during perceptually less distorted sounds varied with the place and manner of articulation. Patterns having very few contacts or a posterior groove produced more distorted /s/ sounds; however, types of EPG patterns producing less distorted /s/ sounds were relatively frequent. Distortion of the and /c/ sounds was less often produced by variation of the EPG patterns, whereas /t/ sounds were most frequently judged to be highly distorted. Patterns that showed complete constriction along the dental arch or constriction on the anterior portion of the hard palate, as well as rapid release for plosion by the tongue tip, produced less distorted /t/ sounds. The results revealed that glossectomized patients often evidenced defective stop sounds. It was concluded that mobility rather than volume of the residual tongue is required to produce less distorted stops.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Cephalometric analysis of maxillofacial morphology in unoperated cleft palate patients.

This study was designed to investigate maxillofacial morphology in adolescents and adults with unrepaired cleft palate, with or without cleft lip. Twenty-two Chinese patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (the UCLP group), and 21 Chinese with cleft palate (the CP group) were cephalometrically evaluated and classified into the five ranges established from the means and standard deviations for matched normal Chinese populations. Many subjects in both UCLP and CP groups showed an intrinsic maxillary retrusion and a steeper mandible. The others had nearly normal maxillofacial morphology. The tendency for maxillary retrusion and a steeper mandible became increasingly remarkable with age. In the long axis of upper incisors in subjects with permanent dentition, there were no UCLP subjects with labial inclination, whereas three CP subjects exhibited labial inclination.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Histologic findings of apatite-titanium complex dental implants in the jaws of dogs.

This study concerns the histologic examination of apatite-titanium complex dental implants (two-piece, cylindrical type) in dogs. There was no plaque control. One to 3 months after implantation, the surface of the apatite root was directly bound to newly formed, woven bone. Seven-and-a-half months to 1 year after implantation, the apatite root was directly bound to the newly formed lamellar bone, which provided strong bone bonding (apatite-bone bonding). There appear to be two types of mechanisms for the resorption of apatite ceramics: first, cellular-type resorption by both multinuclear and mononuclear macrophages; and second, a noncellular, fluid mechanism (dissolution). The gingival sulcus around implants and downward growth of the epithelial cells could be observed in almost all of the implants. There was no cellular inflammation in the tissue around the implants, in the nasal cavity, or in the maxillary sinus. From this study we concluded that clinical application of this dental implant system would be practical.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

An experimental study of healing around hydroxylapatite implants installed with autogenous iliac bone grafts for jaw reconstruction.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of hydroxylapatite implants (HA) with autogenous bone grafts for jaw reconstruction. After autogenous iliac bone grafts were transplanted to 36 rabbit mandibles, an HA implant was installed into the graft immediately (IM group), or 90 days (90D group), or 180 days (180D group) later. The animals were killed 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days after the HA implant placement. The healing process was examined histologically, and histomorphometric measurements were made with a computer-based image analyzer to quantify the percentage of HA-bone bonding and trabecular bone in the medullary cavity. In the IM group, the HA-bone bonding tended to be deterred by fibrous tissue, and the rate of HA-bone bonding (BBSR) was less than that of the other groups. The trabecular bone around the implants tended to decrease after 30 days in all groups. However, the average of the trabecular bone specific volume (tVsp) in the 90D group was about 10% higher than that in the other groups. From these results, it is concluded that in clinical use of HA-coated dental implants with autogenous bone grafts, the time of installation should not be immediately after the bone graft, but when there is sufficient newly formed trabecular bone to enhance HA-bone bonding.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Studies on the host factors in the outbreak of odontogenic infection--the background factors of patients and the effect of serum after sleep deprivation on PMN chemotaxis].

These studies were carried out to investigate the background factors in the outbreak of acute infection of odontogenic origin. In the clinical study, fifty patients who suffered from acute odontogenic infection were compared with fifty symptom free controls with chronic odontogenic inflammation. The subjects were asked whether they had basal disease or not, and were given a series of questionnaires about the episodes of recent life changes (f.e. busy, decrease of sleeping time, travel etc) to measure the incidence of these background factors. In the experimental study, the effect of serum after 24 hours sleep deprivation on PMN chemotaxis in vitro was studied in six young volunteers. Chemotactic assays were performed with the modified Boyden chamber method. Results obtained were as follows: 1) The basal diseases were observed in 16 cases (32%) with acute odontogenic infection, and in 14 cases (28%) of controls. The incidence was not different statistically between both groups. 2) The incidence of background episodes in the patients were noted in 39 cases (78%) of patients and 10 cases (20%) of the controls (p less than 0.01). The predominant factor in these episodes were busy (36%), and decrease of sleeping time (30%) in the patient group. 3) Serum of all 6 subjects obtained after sleep deprivation showed depressed effects on PMN chemotaxis to chemotactic factor. (P less than 0.05). 4) Pre-exposure levels were regained in five of the six subjects within seven days after terminating the visil. These results suggest that fatigue plays a major role in the susceptibility to acute odontogenic infection by the alternation of PMN chemotaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Misarticulation caused by abnormal lingual-palatal contact in patients with cleft palate with adequate velopharyngeal function.

Misarticulations produced by three patients with cleft palate (2 isolated cleft palate; 1 unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate) who attained adequate velopharyngeal function and normal palatal vault by early surgical repairs were examined using electropalatography (EPG) and sound spectrography (SG). Common characteristics of lingual-palatal contact in which the contact area was broader and/or was more posterior than normal were observed. These misarticulations can be divided into three types based on the direction of the breath emission: palatalized misarticulation (in which air passes along the midline of the palate), lateral misarticulation (in which air flows laterally through the occluded dental arch), and nasopharyngeal misarticulation (in which air flows out the nose). These three are considered to be similar to intractable posterior pattern of articulation in cleft palate patients previously reported. However, these types of misarticulations can be produced by cleft patients who have achieved adequate velopharyngeal function and normal palatal vault.

Articulation Disorders↗

PubMed1990

Factors contributing to skeletal relapse after surgical correlation of mandibular prognathism.

Postoperative follow-up and multiple regression analysis of skeletal relapse following mandibular setback were carried out to clarify the timing and causes of the relapse. The subjects were 24 mandibular prognathism patients. All patients underwent intraoral oblique sagittal splitting osteotomy with circumferential wiring and intermaxillary fixation for 8 weeks. Occlusal splints were not used. Postoperative positional changes of segments were evaluated by lateral cephalograms taken at appropriate intervals. Horizontal relapse was most evident within six months after surgery; vertical relapse seldom occurred. Multiple regression analysis revealed little association between preoperative morphological patterns and postoperative relapse. Although spatial changes of the proximal segment at operation and age of the patient were the best predictors for postoperative horizontal relapse, analysis indicated unsatisfactory prediction of vertical relapse because of its rare occurrence. Based on these results, the aetiology of relapse is discussed and two proposals are suggested for its prevention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Ultrasonographic evaluation during reduction of zygomatic arch fractures.

Ultrasonography was utilized in three cases of zygomatic arch fracture to confirm the position of the fragments during surgery. Ultrasonography revealed the nature of the fracture clearly and real-time imaging aided its reduction. Accordingly, ultrasonography is considered to be useful to confirm the position of fragments of the zygomatic arch during reduction.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Functional effects of intraoral reconstruction with a free radial forearm flap.

Postoperative articulation was investigated in patients who underwent glossectomy and reconstruction with free radial forearm flaps. The methods of evaluation consisted of scores for intelligibility of 100 Japanese syllables and 3 groups of glossal sounds. The glossal sounds, based on palato-lingual contact (lingogram), were useful to evaluate function of the respective parts of the tongue. One patient who had had a partial glossectomy and resection of the floor of the mouth achieved an overall score of 80.5% one year postsurgery, and his glossal sounds were also excellent. Three patients who underwent removal of the floor of the mouth and hemiglossectomy, excluding the root of the tongue, had overall scores ranging from 45.6% to 82.1%. Two of these had particularly low scores for the glossal sounds produced with the rear part of the tongue, and this suggested the necessity for suspension slings to prevent depression of the reconstructed tongue and the floor of the mouth. The hemiglossectomy with partial mandibulectomy had an acceptable score of 68.7%. Chronologically, the glossal sounds produced with the rear part and the blade of the tongue often tended to improve postsurgery.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Prosthetic treatment for speech disorders due to surgically acquired maxillary defects.

To evaluate speech following prosthetic obturation of surgically acquired maxillary defects, the speech intelligibility of eight patients was measured preoperatively and postoperatively, with and without prostheses. Oro-nasal separation and velopharyngeal function were also evaluated by use of a specially designed spirometer and endoscope. Following placement of maxillary obturator prostheses, four patients achieved dramatic improvement in speech intelligibility, while four patients did not. In the latter, insufficient improvement in speech intelligibility was attributed to velopharyngeal incompetence or unstable prosthesis. Two of three patients with velopharyngeal incompetence did achieve adequate improvement in speech following placement of a speech appliance in combination with maxillary obturator prostheses.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of cefuroxime axetil in acute dental infections. Double blind comparative study vs. cefaclor].

To evaluate objectively clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of cefuroxime axetil (CXM-AX) in acute dental infections (periodontitis, pericoronitis and gnathitis), we carried out a comparison study using cefaclor (CCL) as the control. Both drugs were orally given after meals in a dose level of 250 mg (potency) t.i.d. for 3-7 days. 1. Clinical efficacy rates in all the treated cases were 81.6% (102/125) in the CXM-AX group and 82.5% (104/126) in the CCL group according to the assessment by physicians in charge, and 89.6% (112/125) and 83.3% (105/126), respectively, according to the assessment based on scores. No significant difference was found between the 2 treatment groups. In clinical efficacy (assessment by score) classified by background factors, efficacy rate in the CXM-AX group (90.6%, 58/64) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that in the CCL group (75.0%, 48/64) in cases receiving no surgical treatment on the first day of drug administration. Other background factors than the above (no surgical treatment) factor or scores on the first day of drug administration, however, did not appear to influence clinical efficacies of 2 treatment groups. 2. As for the bacteriological response in all the treated cases, elimination rate in the CXM-AX group was 73.7% (28/38) and that in the CCL group, 78.3% (36/46), without significant difference between the 2 groups. 3. Regarding the safety, no significant difference was found between the 2 treatment groups. Adverse reactions were observed in 1 out of 128 cases (0.8%) in the CXM-AX group and 6 out of 132 cases (4.5%) in the CCL group. Abnormal laboratory test values were noted in 8 out of 86 cases (9.3%) in the CXM-AX group and 5 out of 91 cases (5.5%) in the CCL group. None of these differences between 2 treatment groups was statistically significant. 4. Usefulness rates in all the treated cases were 81.6% (102/125) in the CXM-AX group and 81.7% (103/126) in the CCL group, thus significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. From the above results, CXM-AX is considered to be a useful drug like CCL in the treatment of acute dental infections.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1989

Acinic cell carcinoma in salivary gland of the palate.

The case of a 30-year-old male with acinic cell carcinoma of a minor salivary gland of the palate is presented. The clinical, histological and ultrastructural features are described, and the treatment is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Improvement of speech intelligibility by a secondary operation to mobilize the tongue after glossectomy.

To prove the hypothesis that speech after glossectomy would be improved more by increasing the mobility of the remaining tongue rather than by increasing its volume, the speech intelligibility of 4 glossectomy patients was investigated before and after a secondary operation in which a split skin graft was used to mobilize the residual tongue. In each case, the postoperative speech intelligibility scores were higher than preoperative ones (case 1:83.6 to 97.2%, case 2: 76.6 to 82.5%, case 3: 51.5 to 58.5%, case 4: 30.2 to 49.3%). Sounds produced with the rear portion of the tongue were improved in 3 cases, and plosive and affricative sounds were remarkably improved in all cases. These results were considered to be due to the increased mobility, especially the mid and rear portions of the tongue.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Prosthetic rehabilitation with the removable partial dentures using telescopic crowns after removal of unsuccessful dental implants].

It is well-known that unsuccessful dental implants sometimes give rise to pronounced inflammatory bone resorption of the upper and lower jaw, and that in such cases it is practically much difficult to attain adequate prosthodontic rehabilitation after removal of the implants. On this study it is completely reported that two patients suffering from implant-induced osteomyelitis could be finely compensated for with the removable partial dentures using telescopic crowns after removal of the implants, and then the results are shortly discussed from the view of pathology, oral surgery and prosthodontics. In the first case a 52-year-old woman had been suffering from osteomyelitis of the right mandible due to the both bladevent and endodontic-endosseous implant, and in another case a 43-year-old woman had been suffering from osteomyelitis of the right maxilla due to the endosseous subperiosteal implant, and they had borne insufficient mastication on the affected side of the jaws. Several months after removal of the unsuccessful dental implants, they were rehabilitated with the removable partial dentures using telescopic crowns to recover and maintain good functions such as occlusion, mastication, cosmetics and speech, and oral and general health.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Intraoral ultrasonic scanning as a diagnostic aid.

Since ultrasonographic examination has the advantages of being non-invasive, rapid and easily reproducible, this technique can be a valuable aid in diagnosing oral lesions. However, the relatively large size of commercially available transducers and the acoustic attenuation by the air space within the oral cavity have been deterrents to the intraoral application of this technique. To resolve these problems a small intraoral transducer was developed and employed clinically in the diagnosis of oral soft tissue lesions. Performance tests reveal that this transducer provides 1mm axial resolution and 2 mm lateral resolution with a 30 mm focus. It can be easily employed within the oral cavity, using a small water bag or polymer gel as an acoustic coupling agent to the oral mucosa. Clinical application of this technique to oral soft tissue lesions allows definition of margins, size and location of lesions, and their relationship to adjacent structures, as well as discrimination between cystic, benign or malignant nature, by the sonic character. These results suggest that intraoral ultrasonic scanning can be useful in the diagnosis of oral soft tissue lesions.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗

PubMed1986

Visual training and correction of articulation disorders by use of dynamic palatography: serial observation in a case of cleft palate.

The dynamic palatograph is an electrical apparatus that generates a visual display of constantly changing palatolingual contact as a function of time, using an artificial palatal plate with affixed electrodes. This paper describes a technique of speech therapy incorporating dynamic palatography for a cleft palate patient. The patient, a 6-year-old Japanese girl with a repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate, had been judged to demonstrate articulation disorders involving contact of the tongue with the hard palate or alveolus following surgical improvement of velopharyngeal function. Prior to therapy the tongue tended to contact the hard palate more posteriorly than normal. After therapy with the dynamic palatograph, palatolingual contact was normal in comparison with average speakers. Our findings suggest that the facility of constant visual indication of tongue posture to the clinician and patient during corrective speech therapy using dynamic palatography may expedite results with cleft palate patients in the speech clinic when implemented in a carefully structured treatment plan.

Articulation Disorders↗