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Biomedical subjects

K McLaughlin

Publications and source records attributed to K McLaughlin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Implicit and explicit memory bias in anxiety: a conceptual replication.

Williams, Watts, MacLeod and Mathews' (1988) [Cognitive psychology and the emotional disorders. Chichester, Wiley] model of anxiety and cognition leads to the prediction that anxious subjects will show an implicit, but not an explicit, memory advantage for threat-related information. Mathews, Mogg, May and Eysenck (1989) [Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 401-407] obtained marginally significant support for this prediction in an experiment that tested memory using word stem completion tasks following a self-referent encoding procedure. However, neither the reliability nor generality of these findings have been established. The current experiment was designed to provide a conceptual replication of Mathews et al.'s study, using different tests of implicit memory (i.e. tachistoscopic identification) and explicit memory (i.e. recognition) and an alternative type of encoding task (i.e. colour naming stimulus words). 16 generalised anxiety disorder patients, and 16 non-anxious control subjects were tested. As predicted, the anxiety patients showed a relative implicit memory advantage for threat-related stimulus words, while the two subject groups did not differ in their pattern of explicit memory performance. These results support the predictions generated by Williams et al.'s model of anxiety and cognition.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Binding of human single-stranded DNA binding protein to DNA damaged by the anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II).

The chemotherapeutic drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) covalently binds to DNA resulting in a variety of adducts and cross-links which are thought to be responsible for the toxicity of the drug. We have used the gel mobility shift assay to detect proteins which bind to DNA treated in vitro with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and have identified two complexes which bind with increased affinity to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)-damaged DNA. Using monoclonal antibodies we have shown that one complex, B1, contains human single-stranded DNA binding protein, a protein known to be involved in the in vitro repair synthesis assay of mammalian excision repair.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Nursing theory as a base for a computerized nursing information system.

This article illustrates how nursing theory can be used in a computerized nursing information system (CNIS). Before development of such a system can begin, data relationships must be specified so that: (a) the relationships are specific enough to support a computerized relational base and (b) the resultant information can support nursing science. Both goals were achieved through three interrelated processes: (a) validation of a practice model based on Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory, (b) classification of clinical data into theory-related categories, and (c) establishment of data relationships to yield meaningful information.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1992

Blood pressure lowering and cerebral blood flow: a comparison of the effects of carvedilol and propranolol on the cerebral circulation in hypertensive patients.

The first part of this article concerns the general relation between blood pressure lowering and cerebral blood flow. Factors known to affect cerebral blood flow are reviewed, and recent advances in the field of innervation of cerebral blood vessels are outlined. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of the phenomenon of autoregulation and how this is disturbed in patients with hypertension. Not all antihypertensive drugs exert the same action on the cerebral circulation to produce the same blood pressure-lowering effect. In addition, the actions exerted by common antihypertensive drugs on the cerebral circulation are described. The second part of the article provides a comparison between the effect of carvedilol and that of propranolol on blood pressure reduction and cerebral blood flow. In a double-blind, crossover study involving 14 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, carvedilol was shown to have no effect on cerebral blood flow, whereas there was a slight tendency for lower flows to occur with the use of propranolol. Because of the small sample size, statistical significance was not reached. These results are consistent with other recently published findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Single step selection of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) resistant mutants from a human ovarian carcinoma cell line.

We have shown that cis diamminedichloroplatinum-(II) (DDP) resistant mutants can be isolated from the human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780 using a single-step selection protocol with DDP. DDP resistant colonies were calculated to be present at a frequency of 1.7 x 10(-6)/viable cell using a fluctuation analysis. The mutational origin of these surviving colonies is inferred by the fact that their frequency is increased by treatment of the A2780 cells with the chemical mutagen ethyl methane-sulfonate, with a maximum frequency observed after a 3-day expression time. Independently isolated clones maintain, in the absence of selection, a DDP resistant phenotype up to 7-fold more resistant than the parental A2780 cells. The resistance modifiers aphidicolin and buthionine sulfoximine have no effect on the frequency of DDP resistant mutants. Therefore neither of these drugs appears to have an effect on increasing the sensitivity of DDP resistant mutants existing in a cell population prior to DDP exposure.

Aphidicolin↗
PubMed1991

Orem's general theory of nursing and community nursing.

The purpose of this article is to examine the way in which theoretical concepts of community articulate with Orem's theory. Philosophical and theoretical perspectives of community are presented as the basis for developing a model for community nursing. The development of nursing theory and science related to the concept of community proceeds from an understanding of community and its articulations with nursing. Three basic models of community are identified and described: (a) atomistic/contractarian, (b) organic/functional, and (c) mutual/personal. Orem's theory can be legitimately viewed as having meaning for nursing when the community is viewed from any of the three models. It is not limited to the use of "aggregate" models. The distinction comes in the view of community consistent with the underlying philosophical view of the nature of person expressed or inherent in the nursing theory. A general model for the community as a unit of service, congruent with Orem's theory, is presented.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1990

Determination of selenium in blood plasma and serum by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry.

A flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) method has been used to determine the selenium concentrations of human serum and plasma samples following digestion with nitric, sulphuric and perchloric acids. In the hydride generation process, reduction was carried out by sodium tetrahydroborate to produce a hydride that was atomized in a flame-heated atomisation cell. The method had a detection limit of 1.2 ng ml-1 and a sensitivity of 2.1 ng ml-1. Within-run precisions of 5.8% at 20 ng ml-1 and 4.5% at 80 ng ml-1, and between-run precisions of 4.8% at 69 ng ml-1 and 3.4% at 80 ng ml-1 were obtained. An inter-laboratory comparison study with a graphite furnace AAS method was carried out and the results showed excellent agreement. The flow injection method of sample introduction allowed the use of a sample volume of 330 microliters with an injection rate of 90 injections per hour.

Borohydrides↗
PubMed1990

Validating nursing theory for use within a computerized nursing information system.

Computerized nursing information systems (CNISs) exemplify the application of computer science to nursing knowledge. For nursing knowledge to be a basis for CNIS development, variable relationships must be clearly defined, thus allowing transformation of data into knowledge. Nursing theories define variable relationships; these definitions, however, often are not specific enough on which to base data-based nursing information systems. This article describes how a nursing process model was derived from Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, the process model validated, and data relationships established within the model prior to its use as a structure for a CNIS.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1987

Allergic interstitial nephritis due to diazepam.

A 56-year-old man developed allergic interstitial nephritis and deterioration of preexisting chronic renal failure after receiving diazepam. On discontinuation of diazepam, kidney function returned to the baseline level and itching, eosinophilia, and eosinophiluria subsided. A causative correlation between allergic interstitial nephritis and diazepam is suggested.

Diazepam↗
PubMed1987

Vascular damage and factor-VIII-related antigen in the rheumatic diseases.

Factor-VIII-Related antigen (VIII R:Ag) is known to be produced by the blood vessel wall. Noxious stimuli increase endothelial release of VIII R:Ag. It might be expected that the development of vasculitis would be associated with increased levels of VIII R:Ag. To investigate this, eight different groups of subjects were studied: 25 patients with systemic sclerosis, 19 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 15 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) plus vasculitis, 19 with systemic vasculitis and 14 with atherosclerosis. These groups were compared to 29 patients with primary Raynaud's disease, 15 with RA without vasculitis and 50 controls. Results showed that where there was evidence of vascular disease, then VIII R:Ag was elevated. VIII R:Ag appeared to be a more specific marker for vascular damage than erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein. Longitudinal studies in 11 patients showed good correlation between progression of vascular disease and VIII R:Ag.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Platelet changes after a saturated fat meal and their prevention by Dazmegrel, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor.

A saturated fat meal was given to 10 normal males both before and after pretreatment with UK38,485, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (Dazmegrel, Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich, Kent, United Kingdom). Following the fat meal at 2 and 4 hr there was laboratory evidence of platelet activation. Dazmegrel lowered baseline platelet activity and lessened platelet activation following the fat meal. This drug should be investigated further as a potential antithrombotic agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fibrinolysis in systemic lupus erythematosus: effect of desamino D-arginine vasopressin infusion.

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) the lupus anticoagulant is known to be associated with thrombosis. However, this anticoagulant only occurs in a small percentage of patients. Histopathological studies suggest a more generalized thrombotic tendency with platelets and fibrin within the microvasculature. Fibrinogen is elevated in SLE and this may lead to the fibrin deposition described. We wondered if decreased fibrinolysis contributed to this and we infused desamino D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) into ten patients with SLE and eight controls. DDAVP stimulates endothelial production of plasminogen activator (PA) and factor VIII. Baseline results showed a significant decrease in PA activity with a concomitant increase in fibrinogen in SLE. The t-PA and inhibitor levels were normal but factor VIII was increased. After infusion of DDAVP, results indicated that, despite baseline results, SLE patients were able to respond to stimulation and the increase in PA activity produced a decrease in plasma fibrinogen levels. These findings may have therapeutic implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Abnormal biochemical and cellular parameters in the blood of patients with Raynauds phenomenon.

Finger blood flow is decreased in Raynauds Phenomenon (RP). This may be due not only to vasospasm, but also to blood abnormalities. 40 patients with Raynauds Disease (RD), 28 with suspected RP (SS) and 42 with secondary Raynauds syndrome (RS) were enrolled and compared to 50 controls. Results from base-line samples show that those with RP have abnormal haemostasis and rheology whereas those with mild Raynauds, RD do not. Blood sampled after cold challenge in 15 RS patients and 15 controls show that both groups exhibit platelet activation after emersion. The degree of activation however was much more marked in the RS patients. We have shown that abnormalities of haemostasis and rheology are found in patients likely to have endothelial damage (RS). These changes are probably a consequence rather than a cause of the disease. After cold challenge the results become more abnormal and correlate with severity of disease.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1986

The effect of increasing fibrinolysis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind study of stanozolol.

Fibrin deposition in rheumatoid arthritis may be responsible for some of the clinical manifestations of the disease. It has been shown that in severe rheumatoid arthritis fibrinolysis is decreased but can be stimulated using the fibrinolytic enhancing agent stanozolol. A prolonged increase in fibrinolysis may decrease joint fibrin deposition and lead to clinical improvement and we have therefore investigated stanozolol as a therapeutic agent. Forty patients were enrolled. Twenty patients received stanozolol 5 mg twice daily for six months and 20 received a matching placebo. Assessment of disease activity was made in the conventional way. Results show that the two groups were comparable. After six months nine of the control patients had withdrawn because of drug ineffectiveness compared with two stanozolol patients, and five control patients felt they had improved compared with 15 stanozolol patients. Disease activity had significantly decreased by the end of the study in the treated group, and detailed analysis showed improvement in ESR, articular index, duration of morning stiffness and visual analogue pain scale. We suggest that stanozolol may be of value in rheumatoid arthritis although this pilot study has looked at only small numbers of patients over a short period.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

Cryopreservation of Babesia bigemina for in vitro cultivation.

Babesia bigemina-infected RBC and merozoites were cryopreserved and used to initiate in vitro cultures in normal bovine RBC; the cryoprotectant was a final 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone in Vega y Martinez solution. A cooling rate of 20 C/min until -80 C and then rapid transfer to liquid N2 storage was satisfactory. Samples for culture initiation were rapidly thawed at 37 C, washed in Vega y Martinez solution and resuspended in complete culture media containing 10% normal bovine RBC. The optimum culture conditions to reestablish cultures were a 24-well plate (16 mm ID), 5 mm in depth, and an atmosphere of 2% to 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 93% to 90% N2.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Bioavailability to rats of calcium in meat products prepared from hand or mechanically deboned beef shank.

Mechanical deboning yields meat containing approximately 0.5% calcium. The bioavailability of the calcium in mechanically deboned meat ( MDM ) was compared to that from calcium carbonate fed in hand deboned meat ( HDM ) diets. Processing calcium carbonate with HDM into bologna, Thuringer or canned meat improved calcium bioavailability but did not increase the bioavailability of the calcium from MDM . The calcium absorptions were 62.7, 60.4 and 60.6%, respectively, from raw MDM , MDM bologna, MDM Thuringer and canned MDM . However, the percentage of calcium absorbed from calcium carbonate was increased slightly from 65.3, 65.9 and 65.6%, respectively, when it was processed as raw HDM , HDM bologna and Thuringer to 69.0% when processed as canned HDM . The bioavailability of the calcium in MDM was similar to that of calcium carbonate, whether expressed as apparent absorption or as relative biological value.

Absorption↗