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Biomedical subjects

K Mayer

Publications and source records attributed to K Mayer.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Efficacy of specific immunoglobulin against TBE (author's transl)].

The efficacy of passive immunization against tickborne encephalitis (TBE) was evaluated in Vienna by means of a telephonic survey. It was learned that in 1979 after a tickbite in endemic areas, of TBE, approximately one out of 1,000 unvaccinated persons came down with the disease. Administration of TBE immunoglobulin after exposure reduced the incidence of the disease to 1:2,500. thus showing a rate of protection of approximately 60%. The survey also showed that in 1979 one third of those at risk (frequent walks in forests) had already undergone active immunization with the Austrian TBE vaccine.

Austria↗
PubMed1981

Latent portasystemic encephalopathy. I. Nature of cerebral functional defects and their effect on fitness to drive.

Forty patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension but without clinical signs of portasystemic encephalopathy (15 patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis, 15 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, and 10 patients with minimal EEG changes) and a control group of 12 patients with chronic alcohol pancreatitis were studied using an extensive psychometric program, which, in the same form, is used for expert reports on driving capacity. Of the cirrhotic patients, 60% were considered unfit to drive; in 25% driving capacity was questionable, 15% (only nonalcoholic cirrhotics) were considered fit to drive. In contrast 75% of the patients with alcoholic pancreatitis were considered fit to drive. Major defects were found only in three heavy alcoholics. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis scored lower than patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis. This was due to differences in liver function rather than to the effect of alcohol consumption. Patients with minimal EEG changes were practically all considered unfit to drive.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Sympathicomimetics and development of tolerance (author's transl)].

The development of tolerance to sympathicomimetics caused by continuous application was investigated as well in patients as in normal subjects. In 70 non-selected patients with obstructive airway disease the decrease of airway resistance was examined after inhaling 2 puffs of salbutamol. Patients showing a reduction of airway resistance less than 20% were examined more closely. Possible explanations for their decreased response to salbutamol were as follows: a considerable dyscrinism in 10 patients, a mucosal swelling caused by bronchopulmonary infection in 3 patients, a previous pulmonary embolism in 2 patients. No explanation could be found in 2 cases, in one of them - an analgetic asthma - the slight response was reproducible. The problem of desensitization or development of tolerance does not seem to be very significant in the in-patients. In 5 normal subjects the response of airway resistance, heart rate and blood pressure was investigated before and 30 minutes after inhaling 2,4 and 6 puffs of salbutamol. The tests were repeated after 1,2 and 3 weeks of application of 2 puffs of salbutamol 5 times a day. No positive reference to a substantial difference in tolerance after protracted administration of salbutamol could be found. Thus there is no evidence of development of tolerance to salbutamol.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1980

Automated platelet counters: a comparative evaluation of latest instrumentation.

An extensive evaluation of performance characteristics and accuracy of clinical results for two automated multiparameter whole-blood cell counters (the Coulter Counter Model S-Plus and the Ortho ELT-8) and two single-parameter semiautomated platelet counters (the J. T. Baker MK-4/HC and the Clay-Adams Ultra-Flo 100) is described. Results of comparative assays performed on more than 1,200 clinical specimens are analyzed. These results are compared with manual determinations where appropriate. Particular attention is accorded to the accuracy of platelet counts, especially at abnormal levels below 70 X 10(3)/cu mm, where falsely elevated platelet counts may lead to serious clinical consequences. Both multiparameter instruments yielded accurate results, with the exception of low values reported by the ELT-8 for mean corpuscular volumes above 100 cu micrometer. Results for platelet counts were accurate for most specimens on all four instruments; the ELT-8 was the most reliable (P < 0.01), especially for the critically low counts. Although no instrument is infallible in determining platelet counts at all levels, the authors conclude that addition of platelet-counting capability represents a significant advancement over existing instrumentation.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1978

[Brachial plexus paralysis after stellate blockade and plexus anaesthesia (author's transl)].

Brachial plexus paralysis is a serious complication of stellate blockade (n = 2) and plexus anaesthesia (n = 6) as was observed in 8 patients. It is frequently characterised by localised motor and sensory defects in the affected arm and sometimes accompanied by a causalgia-like pain. Pathogenetically mechanical factors--needle trauma, injection pressure, volume, and velocity--are of decisive importance. Prophylactically intraneural injections must be avoided. The electrifying pain during insertion of the needle and (or) immediate anaesthetic effect require correction of needle position.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel cyclic N-hydroxyureas.

To overcome the disadvantages of hydroxyurea in anticancer therapy such as fast biotransformation and low potency, five cyclic N-hydroxyureas were synthesized. A new reaction was developed to prepare the desired products from the appropriate alkyl omega-haloalkylcarbamates with hydroxylamine. This reaction probably involves a two-step mechanism: nucleophilic substitution and intramolecular cyclization. The anticancer screening tests of these compounds were done both in vitro using tissue culture and in vivo. One compound, 1-hydroxy-1,3-diazacylohexan-2-one, had anticancer activity comparable to hydroxyurea both in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Nerve-root damage from local injections (author's transl)].

Paravertebral injections of local anaesthetics (procaine hydrochloride, frequencly in combination with other substances) may damage cervical or lumbosacral nerve roots, depending on the site of injection. Five such iatrogenic lesions are described. Paravertebral injections of local anaesthetics also carry the risk of irreversible paraplegia and such treatment should therefore not be given in the cervical and lumbar segments.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Distribution and retention of 35S-sodium sulfate in man.

Measurements were made of the 35S content of tissues obtained from biopsies and autopsies made during and up to 6 months after treatment of chondrosarcoma or chordoma with carrier-free Na235SO4. Usually 70--90% of an intravenous dose was excreted in the urine during the first 3 days. The major component of the blood concentration had a biologic half-time of 0.4--0.7 days. The initial uptakes in chondrosarcoma, chordoma, and red bone marrow were high and nearly equal, but the rates of loss differed greatly. Uptake in epiphyseal cartilage was comparable to that in chondrosarcoma; uptake in other types of cartilage was lower, but subsequent loss was very slow. For an administered dose of 1 mCi per kilogram of body weight, the integrated radiation doses were 2.4 rads for blood, 33 rads for red bone marrow, 155 rads for chondrosarcoma, 49 rads for chordoma, and 135 rads for normal cartilage. Doses to muscle, skin, and fibrous tissue were 7--15 rads.

Adolescent↗