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Biomedical subjects

K Matsui

Publications and source records attributed to K Matsui.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The presence of methionine-enkephalin in plasma and urine in normal human subjects and various patients.

The present study was performed to investigate whether or not there were enkephalins in plasma and urine in normal subjects and in patients with various diseases. Two kinds of antisera were developed to detect M-enk and L-enk. One has specific affinity with the C-terminus of methionine-enkephalin sulfoxide (M-O-enk), the oxidized form of M-enk, and the other with the N-terminus of L-enk. M-enk-like substance (MELS) was present in blood and urine in normal subjects, but not L-enk-like substance (LELS). Plasma MELS and its urinary output averaged 38 +/- 14 pg/ml (N = 19) and 605 +/- 235 ng/day (N = 15, M. +/- S.D.), respectively. There was a significant increase in plasma MELS and its urinary output in patients with pheochromocytoma. Plasma MELS did not show any significant increase or decrease in Cushing's disease. Addison's disease, panhypopituitarism or chronic glomerulonephritis. The urinary output of MELS was significantly increased in patients with essential hypertension, renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism, but was decreased in central diabetes insipidus.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1985

Resistance of 1-deamino-[8-D-arginine]-vasopressin to in vitro degradation as compared with arginine vasopressin.

In order to elucidate the mechanism(s) responsible for the prolonged antidiuretic activity of 1-deamino-[8-D-arginine]-vasopressin (dDAVP), antidiuretic activities of dDAVP and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were determined in the rat following either oral administration or incubation with AVP-degrading enzymes and reagents. Oral administration of dDAVP to conscious water-loaded rats resulted in significant antidiuresis while AVP resulted in slight and transient antidiuresis. In the ethanol anesthetized water-loaded rats, antidiuretic activities of 136pg of AVP and 50pg of dDAVP, which were found to be equipotent, were compared after incubation with digestive enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin), late pregnancy plasma, or sodium thioglycollate. The antidiuretic activity of AVP was completely destroyed by 30-min incubation with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, or late pregnancy plasma and almost all AVP was inactivated by 0.2 M sodium thioglycollate. On the other hand, the antidiuretic activity of dDAVP was not destroyed by trypsin or pregnancy plasma but was partly destroyed by alpha-chymotrypsin and sodium thioglycollate. Neither the antidiuretic activity of AVP nor that of dDAVP was affected by pepsin. Thus, the antidiuresis observed after oral administration of dDAVP might be brought about by the resistance to digestive enzymes. Furthermore, the resistance of dDAVP to digestive enzymes, late pregnancy plasma and sodium thioglycollate might be responsible for the prolonged antidiuretic action of dDAVP in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of haemodialysis on plasma ADH levels, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Changes in plasma ADH levels and plasma aldosterone levels (PA) were studied in patients with end-stage renal disease (N = 40). The patients were divided into two groups according to their plasma renin activity (PRA) into a low renin (LR, n = 9) and a high renin group (HR, n = 31). The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of plasma ADH was also investigated in 4 patients and 5 normal volunteers. Additionally, it was examined whether plasma ADH, aldosterone and renin were permeable through the dialysis membrane. Pre- and post-dialysis plasma ADH levels in LR were similar to those in the HR group. However, pre- and post-dialysis PA in the HR group were significantly greater than those in the LR group. Post-dialysis PRA was significantly increased in HR compared to pre-dialysis, but not in LR. Pre- and post-dialysis plasma osmolality was increased in both groups, but effective plasma osmolality (EPosm) was within the normal range. There was a significant correlation between EPosm and plasma ADH level both before and after haemodialysis, but the majority of the abnormally high values of ADH compared to the normal values was found within the normal range of EPosm. The patients exhibited high blood pressure and a rise in body weight, and haemodialysis caused a significant fall in body weight and blood pressure in both groups. MCR of ADH was significantly lower in the patients than that in normal subjects. Plasma ADH proved to be permeable through the dialysis membrane in all cases, but aldosterone in only a few cases. Renin was not permeable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cerebral subcortical calcification and hypoparathyroidism--a case report and review of the literature.

Hypoparathyroidism is known to exhibit various neurological manifestations, but most of the neurological disorders seen in this condition are motor ones, and involuntary movement is rarely encountered. Basal ganglion calcification is a common feature in hypoparathyroidism. But calcification of the cerebral cortex is, to our knowledge, extremely rare with only nine previously documented cases reported. We report a case of both involuntary movement and extensive cortical calcification with some reference to the literature. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between neurological disorders and intracranial calcification.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Phase II study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) for non-small cell lung cancer].

A phase II study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP) was performed in 83 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (21 squamous cell carcinomas, 57 adenocarcinomas and 5 large cell carcinomas). CDDP was given by i.v. infusion at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 (low-dose regimen) or 80-100 mg/m2 (high-dose regimen) every 3 to 4 weeks. Seventy-nine out of 83 patients were evaluable for tumor response. Sixteen of these evaluable patients achieved complete or partial response, and the overall response rate was 20.3%. The response rates were 27.8% in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 19.6% in those with adenocarcinoma. None of the patients with large cell carcinoma responded. The high-dose regimen was superior to the low-dose regimen in response rate (25.6% versus 5.8%). The responders survived significantly longer than patients with NC (p = 0.02) or PD (p = 0.003). Leukopenia of less than 3000/mm3 occurred in 12.1% of cases, and thrombocytopenia of less than 7 X 10(4)/mm3 occurred in 7.6%. A transient elevation of serum creatinine value was observed in 9 patients (10.8%). Moderate to severe nausea and/or vomiting occurred in almost all patients. It was therefore considered that CDDP was one of the most effective agents for non-small cell lung cancer with tolerable toxic effects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Metabolism of vasopressin.

The clearance of vasopressin (VP) by the kidneys and splanchnic viscera was studied in the anesthetized dog. VP is bound to plasma protein, 10% at basal plasma VP levels and 40% at plasma VP concentrations greater than 20 microU/ml. The urinary clearance of VP is 70-100% of the glomerular filtration rate; the renal organ clearance of the hormone is 20-30% greater than its urinary clearance. There is evidence that the renal organ clearance of VP is affected by changes in both glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. The renal clearance of VP is a result of glomerular filtration, degradation, or reabsorption in the proximal nephron, and secretion into the distal nephron. In the short term, the renal clearance of VP is unaffected either by changes in the plasma VP concentration over a broad range or by moderate hemorrhage. The splanchnic clearance of VP is accomplished almost equally by the intestine and the liver. Because the sum of the splanchnic and renal clearances of VP is less than estimates of its metabolic clearance rate, there may be a physiologically significant clearance of VP by organs in addition to the kidneys and splanchnic viscera.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The natural course of osteoarthritis of the hip. Indication of conservative treatment in relation to osteophyte formation at the acetabular rim].

One hundred and eighty-five hips from 152 patients with primary or secondary osteoarthritis were studied in an attempt to assess the degrees of hip pain in contrast to radiological and other clinical findings. In 30.8% and 26.4% of the primary and secondary osteoarthritic hips respectively, hip pain showed some gradual decrease as time elapsed. Pain relief probably in association with osteophyte formation at the craniolateral acetabular rim occurred in 62.5% and 33.3% of the primary and secondary osteoarthritic hips respectively. Significant parameters observed in the primary osteoarthritic cases of the decreasing pain group were as follows: A lesser extent of cranial displacement of the femoral head, poor capital drop development, well developed floor osteophyte. On the other hand significant parameters in the decreasing pain group of secondary osteoarthritis were as follows: Well developed floor osteophyte, a small size of cyst in both the femoral head and the acetabulum, few "b" or "d" type of bony sclerosis in the acetabulum. Careful observation of radiographic changes (cyst and sourcil) would be most important, especially in secondary osteoarthritis, to decide the indication of surgery. On the basis of histological studies of osteophyte at the craniolateral acetabular rim obtained at the operation, it was assumed that the osteophyte formation had initiated from metaplasia of the labrum or synovial membrane and progressed by a form of chondral ossification after the process of fibrous tissue formation. A well developed trabecular density in the osteophyte at the craniolateral acetabular rim was determined by the use of Muto digigrammer system, Model G-002.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1985

[Response and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity].

The response and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity were studied in 11 patients with malignant pleural effusion; 10 patients had primary lung cancer and one had breast cancer. All of them were adenocarcinoma histologically. In five of the 11 patients effusion disappeared and its cytology became negative for malignancy after four weeks. In the other six patients effusion was reduced and its cytology became negative for malignancy after four weeks. Toxicity was almost similar to that in systemic administration of cisplatin but a few patients had chest pain and fever possibly due to local irritation. The pharmacokinetics showed that a high concentration of cisplatin (free-form, 48.9 micrograms/ml) was maintained over a long period (free from (t 1/2) beta = 33.6 hours) in the pleural cavity. This was regarded as the reason for the high response to this therapy. The intrapleural instillation of cisplatin into the pleural cavity therefore seems to be an effective modality for malignant pleural effusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[A statistical approach to measure fitness by PWC170].

This paper discusses measurements of physical work capacity. When the sample size is small, its model selection problem is difficult in the multiple regression analysis. Although the development of model selection may be correct, it is not always useful for practical data. Since the number of the parameters is large compared with the sample size, we shall discretize continuous data into categorical data and shall use the CATDAP program.

Computers↗