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Biomedical subjects

K Matsuda

Publications and source records attributed to K Matsuda.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Neuropsychological evaluation before and after surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy.

We present the results of pre- and postoperative neuropsychological evaluations of 58 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent a chronic intracranial EEG monitoring and a subsequent standard anterior temporal lobectomy. Wada's test provided valuable information on the speech dominant side and on the focus localization. Some warning signs as well as verbal automatisms indicated the effect for focus localization and lateralization. The results of interictal neuropsychological tests suggested that each subgroup of TLE performed differently. A postoperative neuropsychological performance has improved in many tests that may be explained by the diminished epileptic bombardment resulting from the resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Endothelial fenestration of the alveolar capillaries in interstitial fibrotic lung diseases.

A light and electron microscopy study was performed on endothelial cells of alveolar capillaries in biopsied lung tissues obtained from 28 patients with interstitial fibrotic lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, collagen vascular diseases and acute interstitial pneumonia. In the relatively early stages of acute interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other diseases, the cytoplasms of the endothelial cells appeared swollen and electron-lucent and occasionally showed degeneration and necrosis. Although mitosis was not evident in the endothelium at any disease stage, some capillary endothelial cells showed regeneration. Furthermore, although rarely, they showed obvious phenotypic transformation into diaphragmed fenestrae in some limited segments of fibrotic lungs in the 20 of the 28 patients examined. The frequency of endothelial fenestration seemed to be correlated with the degree of interstitial fibrosis along the alveolar walls. In such fibrotic lung tissues, cuboidal metaplastic cells of bronchiolar origin proliferated on the luminal side. The mechanism of endothelial fenestration in the alveolar capillaries is assumed to be comparable with cuboidal metaplasia of alveolar epithelial cells. The alveolar capillary endothelium is recruited from the bronchiolar capillaries via bronchopulmonary anastomoses unless endothelial repair occurs in situ. Regenerating endothelial cells move into the alveolar capillary tubes along the remnant sleeves of the basement membrane. New endothelial processes finally display their original fenestrated structure while secreting irregular fragments of basement membrane during implantation in the capillary beds.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Fetal breathing, sleep state and cardiovascular adaptations to anaemia in sheep.

1. In unanaesthetized fetal sheep (greater than 0.8 term) prolonged anaemia initially reduced the incidences of low-voltage electrocortical activity, rapid eye movements and breathing activity; but the incidence of each returned to normal within 4-7 h. 2. Anaemia induced a persistent rise in fetal heart rate and plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol. 3. After 16 h the fetal haematocrit was returned to normal. Isocapnic hypoxia induced less than 1 h later also inhibited eye and breathing activity. 4. After 1 h fetal arterial PO2 (Pa,O2) was returned to normal. This rise in O2 tension was associated with an elevation in the incidence of low-voltage electrocortical activity, eye movements and breathing. Breathing movements also occurred during high-voltage electrocortical activity. 5. It is concluded that the brain PO2 set-point for hypoxic inhibition adapts rapidly to alterations in O2-carrying capacity and is probably due to changes in the concentration and/or receptor affinity of a central neuromodulator. Secondly, a rise in brain PO2 at birth may contribute to the onset of continuous breathing.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of smg p25A and smg p21s, ras p21-like guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, in the rat stomach.

Existence and distribution of small guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) such as smg p25A, smg p21s, and ras p21s were examined in the rat gastric mucosa. By immunoblot analysis using the specific monoclonal antibodies against smg p25A and ras p21 and the anti-smg p21 antiserum, smg p25A and smg p21s were detected in the gastric mucosa, while ras p21s were not detected. In immunocytochemical studies, moderate fluorescence of smg p25A was homogenously seen in the cytoplasmic portions of chief cells and surface epithelial cells. smg p21 immunoreactivity was detected in glandular cells and submucosal muscle layer in the mucosa. On the other hand, the cells constituting gastric glands were unstained with the anti-ras p21 monoclonal antibody, RASK-4. These results suggest that smg p25A and smg p21s exist as in other tissues and might exert their specific actions in the rat gastric mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A novel sulfatase from Pseudomonas testosteroni hydrolyzing lithocholic acid sulfate.

Pseudomonas testosteroni ATCC 11996 was found to produce a novel bile acid sulfate sulfatase that hydrolyzes the sulfate ester bond in lithocholic acid sulfate (LCA-S). The enzyme synthesis was induced by several kinds of bile acids including LCA-S. Mn2+ functioned as an essential component for the enzyme synthesis and SO4(2-) suppressed it. This sulfatase hydrolyzes LCA-S to isolithocholic acid and sulfuric acid with inversion of alpha- to beta-configuration of the hydroxyl group at the third position of lithocholic acid.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnostic values of BAL and TBLB in patients with interstitial lung diseases].

In order to evaluate the diagnostic values of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) in interstitial lung diseases, we made a retrospective study of a total of 43 patients all of whom underwent examinations for both conditions at the same time. In the BAL examination, fractional analyses of cell differential counts were applied to the first 30 ml lavage (FBAL-I, bronchial lavage) and to the following 50 ml aliquot of the second and third lavages (FBAL-II and -III, the latter supposedly alveolar lavage) lavages respectively. This technique revealed the unique characteristics of bronchial and alveolar inflammations in a separate data and this is assumed to be a precise reflection of the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. The evaluation values (EV) were graded from 1 to 5 for both results according to the following diagnostic significance: EV1: not useful, EV2: normal or only slight changes from normal level, EV3: moderate changes although not diagnostic, EV4: quite compatible findings for diagnosis and EV5: definitely diagnostic. The 19 patients (43%) whose EV in TBLB were either 4 or 5 were diagnosed as having sarcoidosis (3), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (1), tuberculosis (2), pneumoconiosis (6), histiocytosis X (3), pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia syndrome (PIE) (1), collagen vascular diseases (1), panbronchiolitis (1) or lymphagiomyomatosis (1). Thirteen of them had a BAL EV 4 which consisted of rather characteristic patterns of cell differential counts: thus their diagnoses were reconfirmed. In the other 4 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tuberculosis or PIE, the diagnoses were established by the findings of BAL EV 4 although the EV of TBLB were 3 or 2. These results indicate that BAL alone hardly establishes a diagnosis but it can support the TBLB findings and increase a diagnostic ability by 10% in total. Basophilic leukocytes, mast cells and Langerhans cells in BAL were rather non-specific, but the former two frequently appeared in allergic states and the latter two were often present in fibrotic lungs. Histiocytosis X is indicated if Langerhans cells are recovered from more than a small percentage of the total cell counts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical treatment of dissecting aortic aneurysm using GRF glue].

A 62-year-old woman underwent primary anastomosis for dissecting aortic aneurysm (DeBakey IIIb) using GRF glue. GRF glue consists of mixture of gelatin and resorcin. The mixture is hardened by the addition of medical formaldehyde. Resorcin is diphenole which reacts with formaldehyde, creating tridimentional network. Primary anastomoses were performed after the lumen of dissected aorta was adhered with GRF glue. It appears that primary anastomosis using GRF glue is a simpler and safer operative method for dissecting aortic aneurysm.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

Long-term effects of steroid treatment on nephrotic syndrome associated with Kimura's disease and a review of the literature.

A 68-year-old Japanese male (Case 1) and a 59-year-old Japanese male immigrant to Brazil (Case 2) who suffered from subcutaneous eosinophilic lymphoid granuloma (Kimura's disease) of several years duration, developed nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy demonstrated membranous nephropathy in Case 1 and minimal-change lesion in Case 2. Both patients were treated with prednisolone for several months. There was complete remission of nephrotic syndrome in eight years in Case 1 and in three months in Case 2. Proteinuria did not reappear after remission of nephrotic syndrome in either case. In contrast subcutaneous tumors subsided in both cases during steroid treatment but again became active immediately following discontinuation of the drug. These clinical observations suggest that, though some common factor(s) might mediate the development of both skin and renal lesions, the mechanism of action on these two target organs may differ, perhaps serving only as a "trigger" for the initiating mechanism of renal disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[The inhibitory effect of cholecystokinin on phosphatidylcholine synthesis in isolated rat pancreatic acini (II)].

To better understand the mechanism underlying the inhibition induced by cholecystokinin (CCK) of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, the effects of CCK treatment on the activities of enzyme involved in PC synthesis via CDP-choline pathway were studied in isolated rat pancreatic acini. CCK treatment of acini reduced CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity in both cytosolic and particulate fraction. However, CCK treatment of acini did not alter the activities of choline kinase and phosphocholinetransferase in acini. When acini were labeled with [3H] myristic acid and chased, CCK8 (1 nM) reduced the synthesis of [3H] myristic acid labeled-PC to 27% of control after 60 min-chase period. This inhibition of PC synthesis induced by CCK was accompanied by a delayed disappearance of [3H] diacylglycerol (DAG), the radioactivity of which was 225% of control at 60 min. CCK also induced an increase in [3H] triacylglycerol and [3H] phosphatidic acid in acini. These results suggest that CCK inhibits PC synthesis by inducing the inhibition of CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity. The inhibition by CCK of PC synthesis may contribute to the sustained accumulation of DAG in pancreatic acinar cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of pancreatic stone protein gene of hereditary pancreatitis].

To investigate the pathogenesis of hereditary pancreatitis we determined whether pancreatic stone protein (PSP) gene was structurally altered in two independent families diagnosed as hereditary pancreatitis. Because, it has been shown that a decrease in the activity of PSP which inhibits CaCO3 crystal formation in pancreatic juice is closely related to the development of chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Southern blot analysis revealed neither a rearrangement nor a gross deletion of PSP gene in genomic DNA of affected members of both families. Furthermore, six exons of PSP gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA was directly sequenced, while no apparent base mutation was observed. The immunohistochemical study utilizing monoclonal antibody to PSP showed the presence of immunoreactive PSP in the section of pancreatic tissue obtained from a patient affected with hereditary pancreatitis. However, the level of immunoreactive PSP in the remaining acinar cells of the patient pancreas was not reduced when compared with that of normal pancreas. Results, therefore, indicate that genetic alteration of PSP gene may not be responsible for the pathogenesis of hereditary pancreatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical experience of sternal retractor for dissection of internal thoracic artery].

We performed dissection of internal thoracic artery using sternal retracor for I.T.A. made by Delacroix Chevalier in France. This retractor composed of 5 elements i.e. arms, cranking axe, two assymetric claws and assymetric valve. This retractor is entirely reversible, so the same apparatus is used for left and light dissections. We concluded that this retractor has minimal risk to internal organs and the best position for exposure of I.T.A.

Dissection↗
PubMed1992

[Airway and alveolar inflammation assessments with bronchoalveolar lavage in various interstitial lung disorders].

Fractional analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (FABAL) fluid was performed in 6 control patients and 41 patients with various interstitial lung disease. The cell differential counts in the first 30 ml fraction of BAL (FBAL-I), which is considered to be the bronchial lavage, differed from those of the 50 ml second and third fraction (FBAL-III). Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and sarcoidosis showed a high recovery of lymphocytes (52%); however, the former two disorders were occasionally, associated with neutrophil airway inflammation, whereas sarcoidosis was not. The percentage recovery of neutrophils in total FBAL was considerably high in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis, and relatively high in those with collagen vascular disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, and control smokers. However, these neutrophils were largely recovered from FBAL-I, suggesting the presence of airway inflammation. Thus, it is valuable to apply the FBAL method to determine the topographic distribution of inflammatory cells in the lungs. It was also found that the lymphocyte morphology in the lavage fluid was of value in establishing the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and it is critical whether or not mast cells and basophils are present in BALF since they indicate the pathologic state of allergy or fibrosis. Although present in various fibrotic lung diseases in a limit number, langerhans cells are a diagnostic marker for histiocytosis X.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of prostaglandin production in the inflammatory tissue by loxoprofen-Na, an anti-inflammatory prodrug.

The effect of loxoprofen-Na, a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a prodrug property, on prostaglandin (PG) levels in the inflammatory tissue was investigated with a carrageenin-induced pleurisy model in rats. The intrapleural injection of carrageenin caused a marked increase in the levels of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the pleural exudate up to 3 hr after the injection. When [14C]PGE2 was injected into the cavity 2 hr after the carrageenin injection, the PG rapidly disappeared from the cavity (T 1/2 = 5 min). Thus, the PG level determined in the inflammatory exudate represents PG produced in the inflammatory tissue. Loxoprofen-Na, administered orally 2 hr after the carrageenin injection, dose-dependently inhibited the increase in the levels of PGs in the exudate 1 hr after administration (ID50 = 0.07 mg/kg for PGE2 and 0.10 mg/kg for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha). Indomethacin also inhibited PG production, but was less effective (ID50 = 0.24 mg/kg for PGE2 and 0.47 mg/kg for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha). Similar results were obtained 3 hr after the administration of these drugs (ID50 of PGE2 production = 0.14 mg/kg for loxoprofen-Na and 0.28 mg/kg for indomethacin). The time-course analysis of the effect of loxoprofen-Na showed that this drug had more immediate and stronger inhibitory activity than indomethacin. The relative potencies of suppression of protein leakage and leukocyte infiltration correlated well with the inhibition of PG production, but higher doses were needed for an obvious anti-inflammatory effect. The active metabolite (SRS trans-OH) of loxoprofen-Na determined in the inflammatory exudate 1 hr after oral administration of 0.2 and 2 mg/kg of loxoprofen-Na was 0.05 and 0.25 micrograms/mL, respectively. The concentration was sufficient to suppress PG production in the exudate, because the IC50 of the SRS trans-OH for PG production in vitro with leukocytes was 0.02 microgram/mL (0.01 microM). The potency of the SRS trans-OH metabolite to inhibit PGE2 production in leukocytes was about 20 times stronger than that of the parent compound and 3 times stronger than that of indomethacin.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1991

Cholecystokinin inhibits phosphatidylcholine synthesis via a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent pathway in isolated rat pancreatic acini. A possible mechanism for diacylglycerol accumulation.

The effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and other pancreatic secretagogues on phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis were studied in isolated rat pancreatic acini. When acini were incubated with [3H]choline in the presence of 1 nM CCK-octapeptide (CCK8) for 60 min, the incorporations of [3H]choline into both water-soluble choline metabolites and PC in acini were reduced by CCK8 to 74 and 41% of control, respectively. Pulse-chase study revealed that CCK8 reduced both the disappearance of phosphocholine and the synthesis of PC. Other Ca(2+)-mobilizing secretagogues such as carbamylcholine, bombesin, and Ca2+ ionophore A23187 also reduced PC synthesis to the same extent as did CCK8. When combined with 1 nM CCK8, A23187 or carbamylcholine did not further inhibit PC synthesis. Furthermore, W-7 or W-5, a calmodulin antagonist, reversed the inhibition by CCK8 of PC synthesis, suggesting that a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent pathway may be involved in CCK-induced inhibition of PC synthesis in acini. By contrast, neither cAMP-dependent secretagogues such as secretin and dibutyryl cAMP nor a phorbol ester had any effect on PC synthesis in acini. Staurosporine or H-7, a protein kinase C inhibitor, did not affect the inhibition by CCK of PC synthesis. The analysis of enzyme activity involved in PC synthesis via CDP-choline pathway showed that CCK treatment of acini reduced CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity in both cytosolic and particulate fraction, a finding consistent with the delayed disappearance of phosphocholine induced by CCK in pulse-chase study. By contrast, CCK treatment of acini did not alter the activities of choline kinase and phosphocholine transferase in acini. The extent of inhibition by CCK of cytidylyltransferase activity became much larger when subcellular fractions of acini were prepared in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors. In addition, W-7 reversed the inhibitory effect of CCK treatment on cytidylyltransferase activity in acini. When acini were labeled with [3H]myristic acid and chased, CCK8 (1 nM) reduced the synthesis of [3H]myristic acid-labeled PC to 27% of control after a 60-min chase period. This inhibition of PC synthesis induced by CCK was accompanied by a delayed disappearance of [3H]diacylglycerol, the radioactivity of which was 225% of control at 60 min. These results indicate that CCK inhibits PC synthesis by inducing both the reduction of choline uptake into acini and the inhibition of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity. Furthermore, the results suggest the possibility that the activation of Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent kinase in response to CCK may phosphorylate cytidylyltransferase thereby decreasing this enzyme activity in pancreatic acinar cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1991

Identification of glucocorticoid- and cyclic AMP-responsive elements of the rat serine dehydratase gene: difference in responses of the transfected and chromosomal genes.

Transcription of the gene coding for serine dehydratase (SDH, EC 4.2.1.13) in rat liver is induced 3-4 fold by glucocorticoids plus glucagon, but not by either hormone alone. For identification of the DNA elements mediating the glucocorticoid- and cyclic AMP-regulated expression of the SDH gene, primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were transfected with a fusion gene consisting of the 2.15 kb 5'-flanking sequence of the SDH gene linked to the coding sequence of the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). CAT assay demonstrated that transient expression of the SDH-CAT fusion gene was inducible by either dexamethasone or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, but that the effects of these inducers were not additive or synergistic. These results suggest that some structural organization of the DNA influences the hormonal actions in regulation of gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Difference in effects of sodium fluoride and cholecystokinin on pepsinogen secretion from isolated guinea pig gastric chief cells].

In order to further investigate the precise mechanisms of cholecystokinin(CCK)-induced pepsinogen secretion from gastric chief cells, we compared the signal transducing mechanisms activated by CCK with those activated by sodium fluoride (NaF) in isolated guinea pig gastric chief cells. NaF stimulated a monophasic increase in diacylglycerol accumulation with a peak value observed at 15 sec, while CCK strongly stimulated its biphasic accumulation. NaF evoked an increase in initial Ca2+ influx rate with a slow and smooth increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) monitored by fura-2, while CCK stimulated a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i followed by a late sustained phase of [Ca2+]i increase. Lanthanum chloride (La3+) effectively (unlike either nifedipine or verapamil) blocked NaF-stimulated increase in [Ca2+], but it blocked only CCK-stimulated late sustained phase of [Ca2+]i increase. La3+ reduced NaF-or CCK-stimulated maximal pepsinogen secretion to 57.0 +/- 2.5% and 73.1 +/- 3.1% of control, respectively. These results suggest that NaF activates a signal transducing mechanism which seems to be distinct from that activated by CCK, thereby inducing an increase in diacylglycerol accumulation, Ca3+ influx and pepsinogen secretion in guinea pig gastric chief cells.

Animals↗