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Biomedical subjects

K Matsubayashi

Publications and source records attributed to K Matsubayashi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

High prevalence of infection with Entamoeba dispar, but not E. histolytica, in captive macaques.

A total of 268 nonhuman primates (20 species) kept in the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, were surveyed for intestinal amebas. Total positive rates as based on the presence of cysts in the stool following formalin-ether sedimentation were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, 53%; E. coli, 34%; E. hartmanni, 34%; Iodamoeba buetschlii, 25%; Endolimax nana, 8%; and E. chattoni, 3%. Positive rates were higher in Old World monkeys and lower in New World monkeys. All the 141 E. histolytica/E. dispar-positive animals were Macaca monkeys. The E. histolytica/E. dispar-positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of E. histolytica and E. dispar. E. dispar DNA was detected in 137 samples, whereas no E. histolytica DNA was seen. Zymodeme analysis and reactivity to monoclonal antibodies of cultured trophozoites also supported the presence of E. dispar and the absence of E. histolytica. When the sera of 93 macaques were examined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test, only 3 animals proved to be positive for E. histolytica, showing the lowest titer. These results demonstrate that infection with E. dispar, but not E. histolytica, is predominant in macaques.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Aortic arch repairs through three different approaches.

OBJECTIVES: The outcome of aortic arch repairs by means of three different approaches between 1990 and January 2000 was reviewed. METHODS: In total 39 patients aged 71.5+/-6.2 years were operated on. The three different surgical approaches depended on the anatomical positions of the aneurysms and on their proximal or distal extension; a median approach was employed in 23 patients, whereas a left postero-lateral approach was used in eight patients. More recently, in eight cases a left antero-lateral approach was applied. All patients underwent open aortic anastomosis without any clamp on or around the aortic arch. During the procedure, the brain was protected by a combination of profound hypothermic circulatory arrest and several techniques of retrograde cerebral perfusion. RESULTS: Permanent cerebral dysfunction occurred in four patients: two in the median approach and two in the left postero-lateral approach. There were two hospital deaths (5.3%) and six late deaths, all of which belonged either to the median group or to the postero-lateral group. The antero-lateral approach did not produce any cerebral dysfunction, early death, or late death. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of aortic arch repairs using profound hypothermic circulatory arrest and variable techniques of retrograde cerebral perfusion, by means of three different approaches, was satisfactory. Of the three approaches, the antero-lateral approach can be employed easily, whether aneurysms extend proximally or distally.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The influence of rearing conditions on the physical growth of captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata).

To clarify the influence of rearing conditions on the growth of various body parts of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), two groups reared under different conditions, i.e., a group born and reared in open enclosures (Enclosure group) and another consisting of macaques born and reared in cages (Caged group), were somatometrically analyzed. Somatometric data on 36 measures of various body parts were collected from 77 males and 92 females. Growth in many body parts was smaller in the Caged group than in the Enclosure group. Body parts that exhibited large incremental increases were more sensitive to differences in rearing space at the infantile growth stage in both sexes. Recovery from delayed growth at the pubertal growth stage was found in many body parts. However, the size of some locomotor elements such as the wrist and hand, and ankle and foot strongly reflected limitations of space and changes due to this were irreversible. Females were more sensitive than males to such differences in rearing conditions. We conclude that open enclosures with ample rearing space are necessary for the innate growth of Japanese macaques to occur.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2001

Microbiological contamination in genetically modified animals and proposals for a microbiological test standard for national universities in Japan.

The Biosafety Committee of the Japanese Association of Laboratory Animal Facilities of National Universities (JALAN) investigated recent episodes of microbiological contamination in genetically modified mice (GMM), and the countermeasures taken when the contaminated GMM were introduced into animal facilities, by questionnaires addressed to 53 animal facilities belonging to JALAN and serological tests. Although almost all of the contaminated GMM were accepted with conditions such as rederivation after or before reception and housing in designated rooms, contamination with a spectrum of microorganisms was demonstrated in GMM transferred domestically and from abroad. In serological tests, Mycoplasma pulmonis, mouse parvovirus, and mouse encephalomylitis virus were detected in GMM transferred from domestic facilities and from abroad. The present results of the questionnaires and serological tests suggest that GMM are highly and widely contaminated with microorganisms compared with mice from commercial breeders. Thus, we propose a microbiological requirement, including microbiological status--excellent, common, and minimum--as a guide for the transfer and procurement of mice and rats in Japan.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysms involving the distal arch through a left thoracotomy].

Surgical outcome for thoracic aortic aneurysms involving the distal arch via a left thoracotomy using retrograde cerebral perfusion combined with profound hypothermic circulatory arrest was reviewed. Twelve patients with a atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm between 1994 and 1997 were involved. A proximal aortic anastomosis was made by means of an open aortic technique. For the first four patients, oxygenated arterial blood from cardiopulmonary bypass was perfused retrogradely through a venous cannula positioned into the right atrium. In the last eight cases, venous blood provided by a low-flow perfusion of the lower half body via the femoral artery, which was still oxygen-saturated, was circulated passively in the brain in a retrograde fashion with the descending aorta clamped. Prosthetic replacement was done between the distal arch and the proximal descending aorta in 6 patients and from the distal arch to the entire descending thoracic aorta in 6 patients. The median duration of hypothermic circulatory arrest and continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion was 36 minutes and 33 minutes respectively. The overall outcome was satisfactory without early mortality--all patients survived, although an octogenarian died of respiratory failure 1 year postoperatively. Another octogenarian with a ruptured aneurysm developed delay of meaningful consciousness, and other two patients with a severely atherosclerotic aneurysm suffered permanent neurological dysfunction (stroke) presumably due to an embolic episode. The safe and simple combination of profound hypothermic circulatory arrest, retrograde cerebral perfusion, and open aortic anastomosis protects the brain adequately and produces satisfactory results in surgery for aortic aneurysms involving the distal arch through a left thoracotomy.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

beta-blocker therapy in patients after aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation.

BACKGROUND: beta-blocker therapy for dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy is now an accepted and effective treatment. However, little is known about its efficacy in patients with postoperative impaired left ventricular function. This retrospective study was designed to assess the effects of beta-blocker therapy in patients after aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic regurgitation (AR). METHODS: A total of 59 patients who underwent AVR for chronic AR were assigned to four groups. Twelve patients were treated with both ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, 12 patients with only ACE inhibitors, eight patients with only beta-blockers, and 27 patients without beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors. A postoperative echocardiographic study was performed one year after surgery. RESULTS: The heart rate was significantly reduced in patients with beta-blockers despite the use of ACE inhibitors after surgery. Postoperative left ventricular volume was more significantly decreased in beta patients than in non-beta patients despite the use of ACE inhibitors. There were also significant reductions in left ventricular mass index in ACE+beta patients compared to ACE+non-beta patients. However, there were no significant differences in NYHA functional class and survival rate between beta patients and non-beta patients. CONCLUSIONS: beta-blocker therapy may improve cardiac performance by reducing cardiac volume and mass in patients with impaired LV function after AVR for AR.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

Coronary surgery through partial sternotomy in a patient with tracheostoma.

We report successful coronary artery bypass grafting through a lower partial sternotomy for a patient with a tracheostoma. He required a tracheotomy for serious laryngeal edema which developed during anesthetic induction prior to elective conventional coronary surgery. A safe alternative approach, comprising a lower midline skin incision with a lower partial sternotomy distant from the stoma, facilitated coronary artery bypass grafting to the left and right coronary arteries after four weeks.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed2000

Two different techniques of retrograde cerebral perfusion for thoracic aortic surgery through a left thoracotomy.

The authors used profound hypothermic circulatory arrest and continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion for aortic surgery that involved the distal arch through a left thoracotomy. For the first seven patients, oxygenated blood from cardiopulmonary bypass was perfused retrogradely through a venous cannula positioned into the right atrium. In the last 11 cases, venous blood, provided by a perfusion from the lower body, was circulated passively in the brain with the descending aorta clamped. The period of profound hypothermic circulatory arrest was 34.6 +/- 11.1 min, and continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion was 31.3 +/- 11.1 min. Seventeen patients survived, but there was one early death. Two patients with a severely atherosclerotic aneurysm developed permanent neurological dysfunction. The combination of profound hypothermic circulatory arrest, continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion and open aortic anastomosis through a left thoracotomy protects the brain adequately, and facilitates evacuation of debris and air in the aortic arch. It produces satisfactory results for aortic surgery that involves the distal arch.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[The comparison of blood pressure of community-dwelling elderly subjects in Okinawa and Shikoku].

In Japan hypertension is frequent, but the prevalence of hypertension in Okinawa has been known to be lower than in other areas in Japan. Now it has been almost 30 years since Okinawa reverted to Japan. So we investigated to know whether the prevalence of hypertension was still lower today or not. We compared the differences of prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure (BP) levels between the two community-dwelling elderly subjects aged 75 years or more: 305 in Ie in Okinawa (M:F = 107:198, mean age: 81 years old), and 99 in Omogo in Ehime, Shikoku (M:F = 45:54, mean age: 81 years old). We visited the homes of the elderly and measured their BP twice in a sitting position and asked them whether they were taking medicine for hypertension or not. According to the 1999 revised guidelines on the treatment of hypertension in the elderly by the Japanese Society of Geriatrics, we defined hypertension as systolic BP (SBP) > or = 160 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) > or = 90 mmHg or taking medicine for hypertension, and normotension as SBP < 160 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg and not taking medicine for hypertension. Hypertension rates were 52% in Ie, and 59% in Omogo, indicating no significant difference. However, in Ie only 54% of the elderly with hypertension were taking medicine for hypertension, as opposed to 74% in Omogo. These results suggest the possibility that in Okinawa hypertension is thought to be less important than in other districts in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Genotypic analysis of hepatitis C virus in blood donors in Indonesia.

A study was conducted to describe the genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a population of positive blood donors from throughout Indonesia. Repeat analysis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of 102 anti-HCV positive samples showed that 67 gave HCV-specific positive signals by the PCR for the 5'-untranslated genomic region of HCV. Further genotypic analysis on 64 HCV RNA-positive samples indicated that 57 belonged to the following individual genotypes: 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, and 3b. The predominant HCV genotypes in this donor population were 1b (57.8%), 2a (17.2%), and 3b (10.9%). The core sequences of the 4 indeterminate samples when aligned with published sequences of various HCV genotypes showed a range of homology from 16.16% to 78.67%. Comparative analysis of genotypic representation from other anti-HCV-positive study populations, including polytransfused pediatric and adult renal dialysis groups, is now being carried out to determine the potential genotypic association with mechanistic HCV spread.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2000

[Surgical results of the Senning operation and arterial switch operation for complete transposition of the great arteries].

From March 1980 to August 1997, 42 patients with complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) type I and II underwent arterial switch procedure (n = 20) or Senning (n = 22) procedure in our institution. In arterial switch procedure group, there were two operative death. No late death occurred, and one patient underwent reoperation and one underwent balloon pulmonary angioplasty for right sided obstruction. The freedom from the intervention rate for right sided obstruction was 83.0% at 5 years, subsequently. In Senning procedure group, operative death occurred in two patients with TGA type II, and one patient with TGA type II and two patients with type I died because of cardiac events in the late stage. In this group, two patients died from accident. The survival rate excluding accidental deaths was 77.7% and 77.7% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. However, those patients who died in the late stage had severe pre-operative and post-operative complication. In conclusion, mid-term results of arterial switch procedure is satisfactory, however, reintervention rate was not so low. Long term results of Senning procedure without preoperative or postoperative complication was satisfactory.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1999

Early and mid-term outcomes of cardiac and thoracic aortic surgery in over-75-year-olds with postoperative quality of life assessment.

The early and mid-term outcomes of cardiac and thoracic aortic surgery were reviewed in seventy-two consecutive patients aged 75 years and older, together with assessment of postoperative quality of life. Twenty-six patients had ischemic heart disease, twenty had valvular heart disease, one had congenital heart disease, and twenty-five had thoracic aortic aneurysm. Twenty-five (34.7%) required an emergency operation. There were 6 early deaths (8.3%) and 11 late deaths (17.2%), of which the emergency cases had higher mortality of 5 early deaths (20.0%) and 3 late deaths (15.0%). In particular, most cases with a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm died eventually from various complications including neurological dysfunction. The others with a non-ruptured aneurysm also had atherosclerotic aortic or arterial lesions which caused a lethal cerebrovascular accident or ischemic heart disease. The quality of life of 51 of 53 survivors was assessed using the Rosser and Watts index being based on disability and distress scores. The response was satisfactory--the disability score was 2.6 +/- 1.9 and the distress score was 1.4 +/- 0.4. The patients with a thoracic aortic aneurysm had worse quality of life scores than those of the ischemic heart disease or valvular heart disease patient-groups because of various perioperative complications. Our experiences demonstrate that the results including the postoperative quality of life following cardiac and aortic surgery in the elderly is satisfactory except for emergency cases. The results would prompt us to operate, if possible, electively in their stable conditions, even on elderly over-75-year-olds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Plastic surgical reconstruction of left main coronary artery.

OBJECTIVE(S): To report the early and mid-term results of surgical plasty of the left main coronary artery in 12 patients operated upon between 1993 and 1997. METHODS: The anterior approach was used in all patients. Saphenous vein (n = 4) of glutaraldehyde treated autologous pericardium (n = 8) were used as patch material. Additional coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 7 patients, the first 3 as a safety back up, and for coexisting stenosis of other coronary branches not revascularized by the plastic procedure in the remaining 4. RESULTS: Pathologic specimens of the left main coronary artery in 5 revealed atheroma in 3 and myxomatous intimal thickening in 2. The left main coronary artery was widely patent angiographically in all patients prior to discharge. Six patients consented to angiographic restudy 5-40 months after the procedure and revealed excellent results in 5. One patient upon whom autologous pericardial patch had been used underwent percutaneous coronary angioplasty for restenosis of the left main coronary artery and a new lesion of the proximal left anterior descending branch 5 months after the operation. There were no late deaths nor other cardiac events. All patients were in CCS class 1 at their last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical angioplasty of the left main coronary artery could be used to revascularize the left heart safely in patients with a discrete localized lesion of the left main coronary artery and is particularly useful in the face of unavailability of other conduits.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Coronary artery bypass grafting in a case with severe aortic atheromatosis associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm.

A 69-year-old man with coronary artery disease associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm underwent a one-stage operation utilizing a low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. Ordinary cardiopulmonary bypass was abandoned as a result of severe atheromatous finding in the entire aorta. However, coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass was hazardous as a result of heart enlargement and deteriorating function. Therefore, the abdominal aortic aneurysm was first replaced with a bifurcated graft. Coronary artery bypass grafting with two arterial grafts was then performed successfully on the beating heart with the support of a low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass connected to the bifurcated graft.

Aged↗