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Biomedical subjects

K Matsuba

Publications and source records attributed to K Matsuba.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Comparison of high resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in diagnosis of mild emphysema].

To assess the ability of high resolution CT scan and pulmonary function tests in detecting and grading mild emphysema, we correlated the high resolution CT scan and pulmonary function tests with the pathologic grade of emphysema and the destructive index of lung specimens from 42 patients undergoing thoracotomy for solitary pulmonary nodules. Using the high resolution CT scan, we could identify the pathologic grade of mild and moderate emphysema. By measuring diffusing capacity per unit alveolar gas volume (DLco/VA), it seemed to be possible to detect the mildest degree of alveolar destruction assessed by the destructive index, which was not detected by high resolution CT scan. The reason for these results seemed to be that we assessed the severity of emphysema by detecting the air space enlargement on high resolution CT scan images caused by the destruction of alveolar walls, which were detectable by measuring DLco/VA. We conclude that it is possible to detect mild emphysema using the combination of high resolution CT scan and pulmonary function tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The changes in airways structure associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in one second.

We compared the structure of the membranous and respiratory bronchioles of resected lungs from 111 patients with a normal predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to the structure of these airways from 45 patients with an FEV1 reduced below the 95% confidence limits for height and age. Membranous and respiratory bronchioles of less than 2 mm in internal diameter were counted and their diameter and wall thickness were measured. The data show that there were more membranous bronchioles of internal diameter less than 0.4 mm in patients with reduced FEV1. The wall thickness of respiratory bronchioles was increased in the obstructed group and there was also an increase in the ratio of wall thickness to lumen diameter in these airways. The walls of membranous bronchioles were not increased in thickness but there was an increase in the ratio of wall thickness to lumen diameter. Although the data is consistent with the hypothesis that airways obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is due to thickening of the airway wall and narrowing of the airway lumen, we cannot rule out distortion of the membranous bronchioles by loss of elastic recoil.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Membranous bronchiole diseases in patients without chronic air-flow limitation].

In order to investigate the relationship between pulmonary function and diseases involving membranous bronchioles (MB), we measured airway diameters and quantitated airway pathology scores in MB in 35 patients who required surgery for removal of a solitary nodule. The patients had FEV1 greater than 80% of the predicted value. Measurements of FEV1, nitrogen washout curve (delta N2/L), closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity (CV/VC%), and maximal flow rate at 50% of VC (V50) were made prior to the surgery. There were 21 smokers and 14 nonsmokers. There was 1.02 MB per cm2 of tissue. The mean internal diameter for MB cases was 0.55 +/- 0.05 mm. The total pathology scores for all MB cases were less than those found in North American populations. Inflammation scores were higher in patients with FEV1 less than 100% that of the predicted (p less than 0.05). FEV1 values correlated with goblet cell metaplasia (p less than 0.05). Tests specific for small airways did not correlate with the pathology scores in MB. We concluded. In 35 Japanese cases some diseases in MB were detected among cases whose average age was 59.5 years (42-78 yrs) and whose FEV1 was greater than 80% of the predicted value. The disease showed little effects of smoking and it was relatively minor in comparison with North American cases. This degree of abnormality is considered to be found in normal Japanese as well. It is supposed that an ordinary pulmonary function test would not reveal this abnormality in MB.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of CS-514 (pravastatin) on VLDL-triglyceride kinetics in rats.

The effect of CS-514 (pravastatin; Sankyo Co., Tokyo), a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, on triglyceride turnover, was studied in male Wistar rats. CS-514 (15 +/- 1 mg/day per rat) was administered as a 0.04% solution in drinking water for 14 days. Triglyceride and cholesterol in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and plasma triglyceride were reduced by treatment with CS-514. Plasma cholesterol level was not suppressed by CS-514. The CS-514 treated rats had a significantly suppressed triglyceride secretion rate (TgSR) during the fed state compared to control rats (0.85 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.07 +/- 0.3 mg/min, P less than 0.05). By contrast, CS-514 treatment did not suppress TgSR after an overnight fast. These data demonstrate that CS-514, an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis can suppress VLDL-triglyceride secretion in rats and that this effect can be modified by dietary manipulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of CS-514 on plasma lipids and lipoprotein composition in hypercholesterolemic subjects.

The effect of CS-514 (eptastatin, Sankyo Co., Tokyo), a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, was investigated in 47 patients with hypercholesterolemia (WHO type IIa: 27, IIb: 20). Ten or 20 mg of CS-514 was administered daily for 3 months. In both types of patient, total cholesterol and phospholipid levels were significantly reduced by CS-514. The triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid content of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the plasma levels of apolipoprotein B were also decreased in both groups. In contrast, total triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride and apolipoprotein C-II were decreased only in type IIb subjects. Also the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were increased by CS-514 in IIb but not in IIa patients. In both groups, no change occurred in either the cholesterol/triglyceride or phospholipid ratio in any lipoprotein fraction, nor in the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I or A-II, respectively. Therefore, CS-514 suppresses plasma levels of cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients without modifying lipoprotein composition. Moreover, this drug has different effects on the levels of plasma triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol of type IIa and IIb patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Traumatic lung pseudocyst.

Traumatic lung pseudocyst is an uncommon lung injury due to closed chest trauma. Four cases are reported; all were male and one was a child. Three cases showed spontaneous resolution of the pseudocyst and in one case, where resolution was slow, lobectomy was carried out at the patient's insistence. Diagnosis poses no serious problems as there is inevitably a history of substantial chest trauma. The chest radiograph shows a characteristic cavitatory lesion. The pseudocysts may be multiple. Tomography may be helpful in diagnosis and computed tomography can be particularly useful in the demonstration of paramediastinal traumatic pseudocysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Small airways disease in patients without chronic air-flow limitation.

We measured airway diameter and quantitated airway pathology scores in respiratory bronchioles (RB) and membranous bronchioles (MB) in 37 patients undergoing resection for solitary pulmonary nodules. The patients had FEV1 greater than 75% of the predicted. Measurements of FEV1, nitrogen washout curve (delta N2/L), closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity (CV/VC%), and maximal flow at 50% of VC (V50) were made prior to surgery. There were 22 smokers and 15 nonsmokers. There were more MB per cm2 of tissue than RB (0.74 versus 1.02). The mean internal diameter for MB was 0.55 +/- 0.27 mm; for RB it was 0.47 +/- 0.15 mm. There were more MB greater than 1.0 mm in internal diameter than RB greater than 1.0 mm, and the mean diameter of MB was less than that noted in autopsy specimens. The total pathology scores for all airways were less than those found in Caucasian populations. Pathology scores were higher for MB than for RB, except for pigment deposition. Inflammation scores were higher in patients with FEV1 less than 100% predicted both for RB (p less than 0.05) and for MB (p less than 0.05). FEV1 values correlated with goblet cell metaplasia scores (p less than 0.05) for MB and with fibrosis (p less than 0.05), pigment deposition (p less than 0.05), and intraluminal macrophages (p less than 0.05) for RB. Tests specific for small airways (delta N2/L, V50, CV/VC%) did not correlate with the pathology scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative comparison of Rh1 (Rho, D) antigen on D, Du and d red cells by radioimmunoassay using 125I-protein A.

Relative Rh1 (Rho, D) antigen contents of the red Rh: 1 (Rh positive, D), Rh: wl (Rh variant, Du) and Rh: -1 (Rh negative, d) cells were estimated from the quantity of 125I-protein A bound to the sensitized red cells. The isotope binding activity to both D and Du cells decreased in parallel with the dilution of anti-D serum. The relative amount of the 125I-protein A bound to Du cells was about one-sixth that of D cells without papain treatment, while no isotope binding was observed in d cells. The Du red cells were quantitatively deficient in Rh1 (Rho, D) antigen activity compared with the D cells. A radioimmunoassay using 125I-protein A was a very useful method for studies regarding measuring the relative amounts of various blood group antigens.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections].

Clinical evaluation and kinetics in serum of cefoperazone (CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been conducted as a multicenter trial participated by 20 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 8 months from October 1984 to May 1985. Mean serum CPZ levels up to 4 hours following the end of intravenous infusion of either 1 or 2 g CPZ remained higher than the MIC80 of CPZ against major causative organisms of lower respiratory tract infections such as H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. pneumoniae. Serum half-lives of CPZ following intravenous infusion were prolonged in the elderly and in patients who showed moderate liver or kidney dysfunction, but did not exceed twofold of normal value. Clinical efficacy rates of CPZ were 82.9% (34/41) against pneumonia, 80% (4/5) against lung abscess, 88.9% (32/36) against acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 66.7% (2/3) against panbronchiolitis, 100% (1/1) against acute bronchitis, and 85.7% (12/14), 64.3% (9/14) and 70.0% (7/10) against infections concurrent to chronic respiratory diseases, pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis, respectively. The overall efficacy rate was 81.5% (101/124). Bacteriological eradication rates against P. aeruginosa, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were 60% (6/10), 88.9% (8/9) and 100% (3/3), respectively. The overall eradication rate including polymicrobial infection was 67.5% (27/40). The clinical efficacy rate of CPZ in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pneumoconiosis, etc. was not significantly different from the efficacy rate in patients without these underlying diseases. Of 20 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic treatments, 13 were effectively treated by CPZ. Adverse reactions occurred in 6.7% (11/164) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash, fever, diarrhea and loose stool. Laboratory abnormalities were seen in 5 patients during the study. These included elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, eosinophilia and neutropenia. CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections because of its excellent clinical efficacy and rare incidence of abnormal accumulations in sera following the recommended 2-4 g/day administration even in the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Respiratory involvement and immune status in yusho patients.

Clinical and experimental studies on respiratory involvement and alterations in immune status were carried out. Respiratory distress occurring in these patients has improved gradually for 14 years but still remains. Copious expectoration at an early stage of the disease may be related to the fact that a number of discrete polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. For accumulation in the bronchial mucosa, structural requirements and specific dose dependence of PCBs have been clearly shown; however, pathological and physiological studies have indicated that respiratory involvement in yusho is mainly small airway disease that may be caused by involvement of cellular component (Clara cells) in bronchioles and/or associated infection. Respiratory distress is often exacerbated by viral or bacterial infection. Changes in the immune status in PCB and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) poisoning are as follows: IgA and IgM in the serum are decreased at an early stage of the disease and then return to normal; suppression of cellular immunity was reported in Taiwanese patients and some may remain in the later stages of the disease, as shown in our patients. PCDFs now appear to be the main causal agents in yusho. Rats given PCDFs showed necrosis of the Clara cells in bronchioles and marked thymus atrophy, while few such changes were noted in rats given PCBs. Therefore, further examination is needed for the difference of the toxic effects between two compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Antigenicities of stem bromelain. Contribution of three-dimensional structure and individual amino acid residues.

The contribution of three-dimensional structure and individual amino acid residues to the antigenicities of macromolecular protein was investigated for a thiol protease stem bromelain as antigen. The extent of the participation was demonstrated by a decrease in antigenicity when the enzyme was denatured in 8 M urea before and after reductive cleavage of intrapeptide disulfide bonds or modified in particular amino acid residues. The results showed that the enzyme treated with 8 M urea without reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds preserved about 90% of antigenicity to antibodies against native stem bromelain, while the enzyme denatured after the reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds brought about almost 80% disappearance of the antigenicity. Modification of individual amino acid side chains revealed that lysine was the most immunodominant amino acid, showing 2.5% contribution per residue, and tyrosine followed with 1.2%. However, acidic amino acids such as flutamic and aspartic acids were found to be as low as 0.3%, and tryptophan was 0.2%. These data suggest that most of the antigenic determinants of stem bromelain are of the steric conformation in which lysine and/or tyrosine are most frequently involved as immunodominant amino acids.

Amino Acids↗