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Biomedical subjects

K Masuda

Publications and source records attributed to K Masuda.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ciclosporin microemulsion preconcentrate treatment of patients with Behçet's disease.

PURPOSE: The new microemulsion preconcentrate (MEPC) formulation of ciclosporin has been developed to reduce problems in intestinal absorption and to stabilize fluctuations in blood levels. A multicenter, open-label clinical trial of MEPC was conducted to assess its efficacy and safety in Behçet's disease patients with ocular involvement. METHODS: The patient population comprised 17 de novo patients (patients not previously treated with ciclosporin in the currently available formulation) and 30 patients whose ciclosporin formulation was switched from the conventional formulation to MEPC. The patients were treated with the test formulation for 16 weeks in the former (de novo) group and for 12 weeks in the latter (switched) group. RESULTS: In the de novo group, ocular attacks decreased significantly as compared to the pretreatment incidence in 11 of the 14 patients (78.6%) evaluated after MEPC therapy. Ocular attacks also decreased significantly in the switched group. In the de novo group, visual acuity improved with MEPC therapy in 20 of the 28 eyes (71.4%) examined, and the overall efficacy evaluation was "improved" or "markedly improved" in 13 of the 16 patients evaluated (81.3%). The one case each of onset of neuro-Behçet's disease and intestinal Behçet's disease observed in the de novo group were regarded as adverse reactions. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that ciclosporin MEPC is useful for controlling the ocular symptoms of Behçet's disease, and that it can be used as effectively and safely as the conventional formulation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiological features and visual prognosis of Behçet's disease.

PURPOSE: Retrospective evaluation of epidemiological features and visual prognosis of patients with Behçet's disease (BD) who visited the University of Tokyo Hospital between 1974 and 1993. OBSERVATIONS: During the survey period, more than 100 new patients with BD visited the uveitis clinic in each 5-year period. The number of new patients decreased in the most recent 5-year period from 1989 to 1993. Although BD has always been more prevalent in men, the percentage of women has increased to 24.7% (19/77) in the most recent 5-year survey period. The percentage of patients who initially manifested ocular symptoms in their third or fourth decade was more than 70%. The proportion of the incomplete type of BD gradually had increased to 62.3% (48/77) by 1993. Among the extraocular major symptoms, oral aphtha and skin lesions have been frequent and genital ulcer has become less frequent in the last 20 years. The patients whose visual acuity was better than 0.4 at the first visit in the 1984-1993 period had a significantly better visual prognosis than the patients in the previous 10-year period. The main drug therapy consisted of colchicine and cyclophosphamide in the earlier 10-year period, and of colchicine and ciclosporin in the later 10-year period. CONCLUSIONS: Behçet's disease is still one of the most frequently encountered types of endogenous uveitis. There have been some changes in the epidemiological features of the patients with BD over the past 20 years. The introduction of ciclosporin in 1985 is probably responsible for the improvement of the visual prognosis in BD patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy and safety of latanoprost eye drops for glaucoma treatment: a 1-year study in Japan.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect and safety of latanoprost, a prostaglandin analogue, in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHOD: One hundred and twenty-four Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were enrolled in this open-labeled study and were treated with 0.005% latanoprost once daily for 1 year. RESULTS: At all follow-up visits there was a significant (P < .001) reduction in IOP compared with the baseline value. After 1 year, the IOP was reduced by 5.4 +/- 2.9 (mean +/- SD) mm Hg from a baseline value of 23.5 +/- 2.2 mm Hg. No evidence of an upward drift in the IOP was observed during the treatment period. The most frequently reported adverse ocular events were mild conjunctival hyperemia and iris pigmentation. Very few adverse systemic events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost eye drops showed a marked and stable IOP-lowering effect during the 1-year treatment period. Furthermore, latanoprost was well-tolerated and should be a valuable contribution to the management of glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of diclofenac and fluorometholone in preventing cystoid macular edema after small incision cataract surgery: a multicentered prospective trial.

PURPOSE: To compare a nonsteroidal topical solution (0.1% diclofenac) to a steroidal topical solution (0.1% fluorometholone) in preventing cystoid macular edema (CME) and disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier. METHODS: A multicentered, prospective clinical trial was performed on eyes undergoing phacoemulsification followed by implantation of a foldable acrylic intraocular lens by the envelope technique. The presence and degree of cystoid macula edema (CME) was determined by fluorescein angiography. A breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier was determined by laser flare-cell photometry. RESULTS: Five weeks after surgery, CME was present in 3 of 53 eyes (5.7%) receiving diclofenac and in 29 of 53 eyes (54.7%) receiving fluorometholone. This difference was statistically significant (P < .001). The amount of flare in the anterior chamber at 3 days, 1, 2, 5, and 8 weeks after surgery was also significantly lower (P < .01-P < .001) in the diclofenac group. The degree of flare at 3 days, 1, 2, 5, and 8 weeks after surgery was significantly higher in eyes with CME (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that diclofenac effectively prevents CME following cataract surgery and that CME is closely related to the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Post-translational modifications of immunoglobulin G: a mouse IgG variant that lacks the entire CH1 domain.

In the present study, we characterized the post-translational modifications of a short-chain variant of mouse IgG2a that lacks the entire CH 1 domain. The short-chain IgG2a and its proteolytic fragments were subjected to electrospray ionization- and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric analyses. It has been demonstrated that approximately 14% of the heavy chain of the short-chain IgG2a is O-glycosylated with a disaccharide of Ga1-GalNAc- at Thr220A in the hinge region. while the Oglycosylation does not occur in its parent IgG2a molecule. Two additional modifications have been detected at the C-termini of both the heavy and light chains of the short-chain IgG2a. Biological significance of the post-translational modifications of the short-chain IgG2a variant is briefly discussed.

Alkylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A large pseudolesion in the left lobe of the liver caused by inferior vena caval obstruction secondary to metastatic retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy.

A rare case with a large pseudolesion in the left lobe of the liver observed on early phase of incremental dynamic computed tomography (CT) caused by inferior vena caval obstruction is presented. Decreased portal perfusion due to increased volume of systemic venous inflow into the left lobe via paraumbilical venous system may be its underlying hemodynamic change. The etiology of this pseudolesion was successfully confirmed by conventional CT with intravenous contrast medium injection via superficial vein of lower extremity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pseudolesion in segment IV of the liver with focal fatty deposition caused by the parabiliary venous drainage.

A case with a pseudolesion associated with focal fatty deposition in segment IV of the liver observed on conventional CT and CT during arterial portography caused by the parabiliary venous drainage is presented. Close observation of the common hepatic angiography was helpful to recognize this unusual vessel as a cause of this pseudolesion. Selective catheterization of the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and CT during its venous phase confirmed the etiology of the pseudolesion.

Angiography↗
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Spiral-shaped iatrogenic arterial dissection during superior mesenteric arteriography: a latent risk of diagnostic angiography using the power injector.

We report a rare case of iatrogenic arterial dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) during diagnostic angiography. A conventional superior mesenteric arteriogram obtained using an automated power injector revealed an arterial dissection 2s after the initiation of contrast-medium injection. This case indicates that although careful catheter manipulations during angiography are essential, certain unavoidable complications may occur.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiologically identified molar invasion into pelvic arteriovenous shunts.

A case of radiologically identified molar invasion into extensive arteriovenous shunts (AVSs) is described. CT and MRI revealed a large uterine mass, accompanied by multiple AVSs. Dynamic MRI and pelvic angiography demonstrated multiple trophoblastic cysts invading into the AVSs. Resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of invasive mole. Dynamic MRI was very useful in determining the etiology of AVS.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
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Efficacy of three-dimensional fast imaging with steady precession dynamic MR imaging in evaluating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

To compare the diagnostic efficacy of three-dimensional fast imaging with steady precession (3D-FISP) dynamic MR imaging in assessing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with conventional MR imaging and helical CT, 15 patients with surgically proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were studied. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the tumor, tumor detectability, local tumor extension, and vascular involvement were evaluated for all techniques. The results indicate that 3D-FISP dynamic MR imaging may improve the imaging assessment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
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Histological remodeling in an ovine heart failure model resembles human ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Staged coronary embolization, causing myocardial microinfarctions, has been shown in dogs and sheep to cause chronic ischemic heart failure (HF) that resembles the hemodynamics of the human condition. However, its histopathological basis remains unclear. We examined the hypothesis that the ventricular remodeling seen in such sheep resembles the histopathology of human ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Understanding the pathophysiology of this model will determine its place in the development of treatment strategies for HF. Global left ventricular (LV) damage resulting in HF was induced by staged coronary embolization in 11 sheep. Six others served as controls (normal control, NC). In HF sheep, the heart was harvested 6 months after LV ejection fraction (EF) had stabilized at <35%. Histopathological profiles were compared in biventricular transverse sections at midpapillary level using computed image analysis. LV end-diastolic volume increased in the HF group from 84.9+/-29 to 122.4+/-30.3 ml (n=11, P<.05), but myocytes across the LV wall in noninfarcted zones decreased (435.7+/-38.2 NC; 297.8+/-48.4/unit area HF; n=11, P<.0001) as did myocyte nuclear density (990.5+/-51.5 NC; 677.5+/-121.1/mm(2) HF, n=11, P<.0001). In contrast, LV replacement and interstitial fibrosis increased as did myocyte diameter in noninfarcted zones: 0.1+/-0.1 to 6.2+/-4.5% (P=.0049); 2.0+/-1.0 to 7.6+/-4.9% (P=.0149); and 10.0+/-0.5 to 15.9+/-2.2 microm (P<.0001), respectively. Although LV myocyte nuclear length increased (10.2+/-1.0 NC; 12.2+/-0.9 microm HF, n=11, P=.0006), right ventricular (RV) myocyte nuclear density and length did not alter. In this ovine chronic HF model, LV dilation and interstitial and myocyte remodeling resemble human ICM.

Animals↗
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Constituents of Tritonia crocosmaeflora, I. Tricrozarin A, a novel antimicrobial naphthazarin derivative.

A novel naphthazarin derivative, tricrozarin A, has been isolated from the fresh bulbs of Tritonia crocosmaeflora and was characterized as 5,8-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2,3-dimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxynaphthazarin). Tricrozarin A exhibits antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and yeast in vitro and is the first tetra-oxygenated naphthazarin derivative isolated from higher plants.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of the integrated feline leukemia viruses in a cat lymphoid tumor cell line by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a type-C retrovirus associated with lymphoid and hematopoietic malignancies in cats. The FeLV-induced tumors are thought to be caused, at least in part, by somatically acquired insertional mutagenesis in which the integrated provirus may activate a proto-oncogene or disrupt a tumor suppressor gene. This study was undertaken to enumerate and map the acquired proviral insertions in the genome of a feline thymic lymphoma cell line (FT-1) infected with FeLV. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with tyramide signal amplification was applied on the chromosome specimen of FT-1 cells and normal cat lymphocytes, with an entire FeLV-A genome used as a probe. Specific hybridization signals were detected from only the metaphases of the FT-1 cells, not from those of normal cat lymphocytes. Statistically based on the Poisson's distribution, at least six loci of chromosomal regions, A2p23-p22, B2p15-p14, B4p15-p14, D4q23-q24, E1p14-p13, and E2p13-p12, appeared to be positive for FeLV integration. Consistently, Southern blot hybridization analysis using an FeLV LTR-U3 probe specific for exogenous FeLV showed the integration of at least six FeLV proviral genomes in FT-1 cells. The cytogenetic technique employed here will provide valuable molecular tags to reveal unidentified tumor-associated genes in FeLV-associated tumor cells.

Animals↗
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High [18F]FDG uptake in primary cerebral lymphoma: a PET study.

Two cases of primary intracranial malignant lymphoma with high uptake of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose [( 18F]FDG) are reported. Malignant lymphomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain tumors with high [18F]FDG uptake in positron emission tomography studies.

Aged↗
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High [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in abdominal abscesses: a PET study.

We report two cases of abdominal abscess displaying high uptake of [18F]fluorodeoxyglycose (FDG) by positron emission tomography (PET). Abdominal abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses showing high FDG uptake in PET studies.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗